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1Bu^ra, son of Dazgaraspa, 23, 209. Buidhi, n. of a demon, 4, 145 sq. Buildings, see Architecture, House, and Viharas. Buiti, the Daeva, sent to kill Zara- thujtra, 4, liii, 208-10 ; a personifi- cation of Buddhism, 4, 209 n. ; in a list of Daevas, 4, 224. See also But. Bukht-!N"arsih, i.e. Nebuchadnez- zar, q.v. Bulls of Allakappa claim relics of Buddha, and erect a dagaba, 11, 132. Bull declares the Brahman to Satya- kima, 1,61; the storm-floods of the heavenly b. as urine, 4, Ixxv ; glorification of the b. (primaeval b., or species of the b.), 4, 231, 231 n., 249 ; 23, 93, 350 ; the primaeval b., see under Animals (/) ; the ceremony of setting a b. at liberty (vWshot- sarga), 7, 260-3 ; 29, 100 sq., 353-5 ; 33, 162, 162 n. ; priests of Asuras kill Manu's b., 12, 29 ; represents Indra, 12, 416 ; Fravashi of the b. worshipped, 23, 200 ; leading round a b., 29, 249 ; consecrated hairs of the tail of a white b. used at sacri- fices, 31, 349 ; b. among the cows (storm among the clouds), 32, 63, 7 3 ; simile of the b., 36, 333 sq. ; a b. set at liberty as sacrificial fee, 41, 45 sq., 56, 61 ; a b. is the Pra^a- pati among the cows, 41, 58 ; is Indra's own animal, 41, 60 ; one of the five sacrificial animals, 41, 162, 165 sq. ; is eight-hoofed, 41, 177; the b. is vigour, 43, 38 sq. ; origin of the b., 44, 215; has an ex- crescence or hump, 44, 276 ; see also Ox; — *a bull's hide' as a measure, 7, 272, 272 n. ; b.'s hide used for auspicious rites, esp. at weddings, 29, 41, 171, 181, 247 sq,, 285, 383 ; BO, 47, 50, 193 sq., 263 ; 42, 185, 645 \~-hulPs urine (gSmez) as a means of purification, 4, Ixxiii, Ixxv, Ixxv n., Ixxix, 63 sq., 63 n., 79, 81 n., 91 sq., 93, 98 sq., 106, 107 n., 120 sq., 124 n., 125 n., 126- 31, 188, 216 sq. and n., 278 n., 279 ; 5, Ixxiii, 262, 269 sq., 270 n., 272 sq., 279, 281 sq., 333, 348 sq., 348 n. ; 18, 162 n., 171, 171 n., 284 n., 305, 307-13, 309 n., 310 n., 317, 33i» 339 sq., 358, 360, 365, 433-7, 4 33 n., 445, 447, 449, 451-5,457 ; 23, 336; 24j6on., 2 97n., 337 n., 340 n.; 37, 126, 480 sq. See also Nirang. Bundahii", its title and contents, 5, xxii-xxiv, xxxv-xxxvii, xliv sq. ; called Zand-akas, 5, xxiii, 3, 3 n. ; a translation or epitome of the Damda^/ Nask, 5, xxiv, 177 sq. n., 181 n. ; 37, 14 n., 465, 465 n. ; MSS. and recensions of the B., 5, xxiv- xliii, 2; translations of the 13., 5, xxv- xxvii, xliii-xlv ; its date, 5, xli-xliii, xlvii ; 18, xxvii ; translated, 5, i- 151; paraphrased by Za^^-sparam, 5, 153 ; written after Alexander, 37, 437, 447 ; chronology of the B., 47, xxvii-xxxv, xxxviii. Bur^, the angel, co-operator with Tijtar, 5, 26, 169 ; rouses the bird A'amroj, 5, 70. Burial-ground, see Cemetery. Burial-mounds, see Stupas. Burma, the Dhammathats or law- books of, 33, 275 sq. Bushasp, demon of slothfulness, 5, no, 366, 366 n. ; 18, 93, 95.
2Bur^, the angel, co-operator with Tijtar, 5, 26, 169 ; rouses the bird A'amroj, 5, 70. Burial-ground, see Cemetery. Burial-mounds, see Stupas. Burma, the Dhammathats or law- books of, 33, 275 sq. Bushasp, demon of slothfulness, 5, no, 366, 366 n. ; 18, 93, 95. Bushyasta, spell against the long- handed gaunt B., 4, 145 sq. ; demon of sleep and laziness, 4, 197, 197 n., 199 ; 23, 323 ; 31, 346 n. ; flees from Mithra, 23, 144, 155 ; the yellow B. destroyed by Aryan Glory, 23, 284. But, Zd. Buiti, the demon (Bhuta) * whom they worship among the Hindus,* 5, iii, in n. See Buiti. Butasp, the Bodhisattva, 4, liii. Byarshan, king of Iran, 23, 222, 222 n., 303. c Calamities (such as drought, &c.) brought about by the defilement of water or fire, 4, 82, 82 n. 138 CALENDAR— CASTES Calendar, see Time. Calf, first-born, as priest's fee, 12, 373, 390 ; c. of eighteen months, 43, 39 ; white c. of black cow, 43, 200. Calumny, and false accusation against a Guru, are mortal sins, 2, 281; the sin of accusing a Brahmawa, 2, 282 ; 14, 122 ; guilt incurred by false accusation, 17, 135 ; 14, 107 ; penance for falsely accusing a Guru, 14, 114 ; punishments for calum- niating a bride or a suitor, 33, 172. Capital punishment, see Punish- ments. Carpenter, simile of the, 35, 96; the house of a c. the resting-place of the sacrificial horse, 44, 3 60. Carriage, see Chariot. Cart, see Chariot. Caste, castes. {a) Mutual relation of the c, their duties and occupations. (<5) Brahma«as and Kshatriyas. (<:) Kshatriyas and Vaijyas. {d) The twice-born c. or Aryans. {e) Low c. and outcasts. (/) Mixture of c, mixed c. {g) Religious view of c. Qt) Religious rites different according to c. (/) The c. and the law. {f) C. disregarded. (a) Mutual relation of the c, THEIR DUTIES AND OCCUPATIONS. The Brahmawa is one of Soma's mouths, with which be eats the Kshatriyas ; the Ksh,atriya is one of Soma's mouths, with which he eats the Vaijyas, 1, 287 ; initiation, study of the Veda, and kindling the sacred fire ordained for the three higher c, to serve the other c. the duty of the .Sudra, 2, i sq. ; occupa- tions of c. in times of distress, 2, Ivisq., 211-14 ; 14, 20, 235 sq. ; 25, 420-30 ; respect due to members of different c, 2, 48; 25, 53,, 53 n., 55, 58 ; difference of c. with regard to the rules about saluting, 2, 53, 209 sq., 209 n. ; 25, 52 sq. ; lawful and unlawful occupations for mem- bers of the four c, 2, 123 sq., 211- 14,227-34, 234 n.; 7, 13, 136 sq., 189; 10 (ii), 112, iT6sq. ; 14, 11- 18, 20, T75sq. ; 25,lxxii, 325-7,4^9, 499 ; 29, 124 ; 33, 54-8, 68 n.; 35, 247 sq. ; precedence among the various c, 2, 125 sq., 125 n. ; a king shall choose his officers from the
3; 14, 11- 18, 20, T75sq. ; 25,lxxii, 325-7,4^9, 499 ; 29, 124 ; 33, 54-8, 68 n.; 35, 247 sq. ; precedence among the various c, 2, 125 sq., 125 n. ; a king shall choose his officers from the three higher c, 2, 163 ; all men must serve those who belong to higher c, 2, 234 ; the c. of Kayasthas or scribes, 7, xxiv, XXX, 46 ; duties of the four c, and law regarding the relation between them, 7, 12 sq., 27-9; 8, 126 sq. ; 14, 199 ; 25, xii, i, 24 sq., 27, 32sq., 400-2,416, 478; 25, cvn.; a Brdhmana, though only ten years old^ and a member of the kingly <:., though a hundred years old, must be considered as father and son ; and of these tivo, the Brdhmana is the father. The seniority of Brdhmanas is founded upon sacred knowledge ; of Kshatriyas ^ upon valour in arms ; of Vais^yas, upon grain and {other) wealth ; of ^Hdras, upon {priority of) birth, 7, 131 ; a rich man surrounded and waited upon by a crowd of Brahmans, Kshatriyas, Vaijyas, and 5udras, 21, 10 1 ; king the protector of the system of c, 7, 14 ; 25, 221 ; the peculiar laws of c. to be observed in the absence of special rules of revealed texts, 14, 4, 4 n. ; a Kshatriya shall pass through misfortunes which have befallen him by the strength of his arms, a Vai^ya and a SMra by their wealth, the chief of the twice-born by muttered pr'ayers and burnt -oblations^ 14, 129; 25, 436; 5udras created to serve the Brah- mawas, 25, 326; Brahmawas may appropriate property from Vaijyas and 5udras for sacred purposes, 25, 432 sq. ; the law protects the four c, 33, 8 ; usury allowed for Vaijyas, but not for Brahma«as, 33, 68 ; a Kulika, head of a caste, 33, 89 n. ; Sagala crowded with Brahmans, nobles, artificers, and servants, 35, 3 ; Vaijya and 5udra surrounded by Kshatriya and Brahmawa, 41, 227 ; 5udra, Ra^a, Brahman, 42, 72; people, as compared with nobles and Brahmi«as, are like iron, as compared with gold and silver, 44, 339> 339 "•; minstrels, harlots, gamblers, eunuchs are to be neither 5udras nor Brahmawas, 44, 417 ; Brahmawas, Kshatriyas, Vaijyas, ^aw^alas, Vukkasas, hunters, mer- chants, 5udras, 45, 301. {b) Brahmaa^as and Kshatriyas. A^atajatru, the Kshatriya, teaches the Brahma«a GargyaBalaki, 1, 306; 15, 100 n., 103 ; a Brahmawa often CASTES 139
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Bu^ra, son of Dazgaraspa, 23, 209. Buidhi, n. of a demon, 4, 145 sq. Buildings, see Architecture, House, and Viharas. Buiti, the Daeva, sent to kill Zara- thujtra, 4, liii, 208-10 ; a personifi- cation of Buddhism, 4, 209 n. ; in a list of Daevas, 4, 224. See also But. Bukht-!N"arsih, i.e. Nebuchadnez- zar, q.v. Bulls of Allakappa claim relics of Buddha, and erect a dagaba, 11, 132. Bull declares the Brahman to Satya- kima, 1,61; the storm-floods of the heavenly b. as urine, 4, Ixxv ; glorification of the b. (primaeval b., or species of the b.), 4, 231, 231 n., 249 ; 23, 93, 350 ; the primaeval b., see under Animals (/) ; the ceremony of setting a b. at liberty (vWshot- sarga), 7, 260-3 ; 29, 100 sq., 353-5 ; 33, 162, 162 n. ; priests of Asuras kill Manu's b., 12, 29 ; represents Indra, 12, 416 ; Fravashi of the b. worshipped, 23, 200 ; leading round a b., 29, 249 ; consecrated hairs of the tail of a white b. used at sacri- fices, 31, 349 ; b. among the cows (storm among the clouds), 32, 63, 7 3 ; simile of the b., 36, 333 sq. ; a b. set at liberty as sacrificial fee, 41, 45 sq., 56, 61 ; a b. is the Pra^a- pati among the cows, 41, 58 ; is Indra's own animal, 41, 60 ; one of the five sacrificial animals, 41, 162, 165 sq. ; is eight-hoofed, 41, 177; the b. is vigour, 43, 38 sq. ; origin of the b., 44, 215; has an ex- crescence or hump, 44, 276 ; see also Ox; — *a bull's hide' as a measure, 7, 272, 272 n. ; b.'s hide used for auspicious rites, esp. at weddings, 29, 41, 171, 181, 247 sq,, 285, 383 ; BO, 47, 50, 193 sq., 263 ; 42, 185, 645 \~-hulPs urine (gSmez) as a means of purification, 4, Ixxiii, Ixxv, Ixxv n., Ixxix, 63 sq., 63 n., 79, 81 n., 91 sq., 93, 98 sq., 106, 107 n., 120 sq., 124 n., 125 n., 126- 31, 188, 216 sq. and n., 278 n., 279 ; 5, Ixxiii, 262, 269 sq., 270 n., 272 sq., 279, 281 sq., 333, 348 sq., 348 n. ; 18, 162 n., 171, 171 n., 284 n., 305, 307-13, 309 n., 310 n., 317, 33i» 339 sq., 358, 360, 365, 433-7, 4 33 n., 445, 447, 449, 451-5,457 ; 23, 336; 24j6on., 2 97n., 337 n., 340 n.; 37, 126, 480 sq. See also Nirang. Bundahii", its title and contents, 5, xxii-xxiv, xxxv-xxxvii, xliv sq. ; called Zand-akas, 5, xxiii, 3, 3 n. ; a translation or epitome of the Damda^/ Nask, 5, xxiv, 177 sq. n., 181 n. ; 37, 14 n., 465, 465 n. ; MSS. and recensions of the B., 5, xxiv- xliii, 2; translations of the 13., 5, xxv- xxvii, xliii-xlv ; its date, 5, xli-xliii, xlvii ; 18, xxvii ; translated, 5, i- 151; paraphrased by Za^^-sparam, 5, 153 ; written after Alexander, 37, 437, 447 ; chronology of the B., 47, xxvii-xxxv, xxxviii. Bur^, the angel, co-operator with Tijtar, 5, 26, 169 ; rouses the bird A'amroj, 5, 70. Burial-ground, see Cemetery. Burial-mounds, see Stupas. Burma, the Dhammathats or law- books of, 33, 275 sq. Bushasp, demon of slothfulness, 5, no, 366, 366 n. ; 18, 93, 95.
2Bur^, the angel, co-operator with Tijtar, 5, 26, 169 ; rouses the bird A'amroj, 5, 70. Burial-ground, see Cemetery. Burial-mounds, see Stupas. Burma, the Dhammathats or law- books of, 33, 275 sq. Bushasp, demon of slothfulness, 5, no, 366, 366 n. ; 18, 93, 95. Bushyasta, spell against the long- handed gaunt B., 4, 145 sq. ; demon of sleep and laziness, 4, 197, 197 n., 199 ; 23, 323 ; 31, 346 n. ; flees from Mithra, 23, 144, 155 ; the yellow B. destroyed by Aryan Glory, 23, 284. But, Zd. Buiti, the demon (Bhuta) * whom they worship among the Hindus,* 5, iii, in n. See Buiti. Butasp, the Bodhisattva, 4, liii. Byarshan, king of Iran, 23, 222, 222 n., 303. c Calamities (such as drought, &c.) brought about by the defilement of water or fire, 4, 82, 82 n. 138 CALENDAR— CASTES Calendar, see Time. Calf, first-born, as priest's fee, 12, 373, 390 ; c. of eighteen months, 43, 39 ; white c. of black cow, 43, 200. Calumny, and false accusation against a Guru, are mortal sins, 2, 281; the sin of accusing a Brahmawa, 2, 282 ; 14, 122 ; guilt incurred by false accusation, 17, 135 ; 14, 107 ; penance for falsely accusing a Guru, 14, 114 ; punishments for calum- niating a bride or a suitor, 33, 172. Capital punishment, see Punish- ments. Carpenter, simile of the, 35, 96; the house of a c. the resting-place of the sacrificial horse, 44, 3 60. Carriage, see Chariot. Cart, see Chariot. Caste, castes. {a) Mutual relation of the c, their duties and occupations. (<5) Brahma«as and Kshatriyas. (<:) Kshatriyas and Vaijyas. {d) The twice-born c. or Aryans. {e) Low c. and outcasts. (/) Mixture of c, mixed c. {g) Religious view of c. Qt) Religious rites different according to c. (/) The c. and the law. {f) C. disregarded. (a) Mutual relation of the c, THEIR DUTIES AND OCCUPATIONS. The Brahmawa is one of Soma's mouths, with which be eats the Kshatriyas ; the Ksh,atriya is one of Soma's mouths, with which he eats the Vaijyas, 1, 287 ; initiation, study of the Veda, and kindling the sacred fire ordained for the three higher c, to serve the other c. the duty of the .Sudra, 2, i sq. ; occupa- tions of c. in times of distress, 2, Ivisq., 211-14 ; 14, 20, 235 sq. ; 25, 420-30 ; respect due to members of different c, 2, 48; 25, 53,, 53 n., 55, 58 ; difference of c. with regard to the rules about saluting, 2, 53, 209 sq., 209 n. ; 25, 52 sq. ; lawful and unlawful occupations for mem- bers of the four c, 2, 123 sq., 211- 14,227-34, 234 n.; 7, 13, 136 sq., 189; 10 (ii), 112, iT6sq. ; 14, 11- 18, 20, T75sq. ; 25,lxxii, 325-7,4^9, 499 ; 29, 124 ; 33, 54-8, 68 n.; 35, 247 sq. ; precedence among the various c, 2, 125 sq., 125 n. ; a king shall choose his officers from the
3; 14, 11- 18, 20, T75sq. ; 25,lxxii, 325-7,4^9, 499 ; 29, 124 ; 33, 54-8, 68 n.; 35, 247 sq. ; precedence among the various c, 2, 125 sq., 125 n. ; a king shall choose his officers from the three higher c, 2, 163 ; all men must serve those who belong to higher c, 2, 234 ; the c. of Kayasthas or scribes, 7, xxiv, XXX, 46 ; duties of the four c, and law regarding the relation between them, 7, 12 sq., 27-9; 8, 126 sq. ; 14, 199 ; 25, xii, i, 24 sq., 27, 32sq., 400-2,416, 478; 25, cvn.; a Brdhmana, though only ten years old^ and a member of the kingly <:., though a hundred years old, must be considered as father and son ; and of these tivo, the Brdhmana is the father. The seniority of Brdhmanas is founded upon sacred knowledge ; of Kshatriyas ^ upon valour in arms ; of Vais^yas, upon grain and {other) wealth ; of ^Hdras, upon {priority of) birth, 7, 131 ; a rich man surrounded and waited upon by a crowd of Brahmans, Kshatriyas, Vaijyas, and 5udras, 21, 10 1 ; king the protector of the system of c, 7, 14 ; 25, 221 ; the peculiar laws of c. to be observed in the absence of special rules of revealed texts, 14, 4, 4 n. ; a Kshatriya shall pass through misfortunes which have befallen him by the strength of his arms, a Vai^ya and a SMra by their wealth, the chief of the twice-born by muttered pr'ayers and burnt -oblations^ 14, 129; 25, 436; 5udras created to serve the Brah- mawas, 25, 326; Brahmawas may appropriate property from Vaijyas and 5udras for sacred purposes, 25, 432 sq. ; the law protects the four c, 33, 8 ; usury allowed for Vaijyas, but not for Brahma«as, 33, 68 ; a Kulika, head of a caste, 33, 89 n. ; Sagala crowded with Brahmans, nobles, artificers, and servants, 35, 3 ; Vaijya and 5udra surrounded by Kshatriya and Brahmawa, 41, 227 ; 5udra, Ra^a, Brahman, 42, 72; people, as compared with nobles and Brahmi«as, are like iron, as compared with gold and silver, 44, 339> 339 "•; minstrels, harlots, gamblers, eunuchs are to be neither 5udras nor Brahmawas, 44, 417 ; Brahmawas, Kshatriyas, Vaijyas, ^aw^alas, Vukkasas, hunters, mer- chants, 5udras, 45, 301. {b) Brahmaa^as and Kshatriyas. A^atajatru, the Kshatriya, teaches the Brahma«a GargyaBalaki, 1, 306; 15, 100 n., 103 ; a Brahmawa often CASTES 139
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