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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
133. (That) grief of him (arose), this is intimated by his (Ganamiti's) resorting to him (Raikva) on hearing a disrespectful speech about himself. From what the text says about Ganasruti Pautrdya^a having been taunted by a flafningo for his want of know- ledge of Brahman, and having thereupon resorted to Raikva, who possessed the knowledge of Brahman, it appears that sorrow (suk) had taken possession of him ; and it is with a view to this that Raikva addresses him as 6udra. For the word 6udra, etymologically considered, means one who grieves or sorrows (i-o^ati). The appella- tion * judra ' therefore refers to his sorrow, not to* his being a member of the fourth caste. This clearly appears from a consideration of the whole story. Ganasruti Pautraya/za was a very liberal and pious king. Being much pleased with his virtuous life, and wishing to rouse in him the desire of knowing Brahman, two noble-minded beings, assuming the shape of flamingoes, flew past him at night time, when one of them addressed the other, ' O Bhallaksha, the light of Canairuti has spread like the sky ; do not go z 2 3 40 VEDANTA-S<JTR AS.
2near that it may not burn thee.' To this praise of Canajruti the other flamingo replied, ' How can you speak of him, being what he is, as if he were Raikva " sayuktvan" ?' i. e. * how can you speak of GanaiTuti, being what he is, as if he were Raikva, who knows Brahman and is endowed with the most eminent qualities ? Raikva, who knows Brahman, alone in this world is truly eminent. Gana-sruti may be very pious, but as he does not know Brahman what quality of his could produce splendour capable of burning me like the splendour of Raikva ? ' The former flamingo thereupon asks who that Raikva is, and its com- panion replies, ' He in whose work and knowledge there are comprised all the works done by good men and all the knowledge belonging to intelligent creatures, that is Raikva/ Ganamiti, having heard this speech of the flamingo — which implied a reproach to himself as being destitute of the knowledge of Brahman, and a glorification of Raikva as possessing that knowledge — at once sends his door-keeper to look for Raikva; and when the door-keeper finds him and brings word, the king himself repairs to him with six hundred cows, a golden necklace, and a carriage yoked with mules, and asks him to teach him the deity on which he meditates, i. e. the highest deity. Raikva, who through the might of his Yoga-knowledge is acquainted with every- thing that passes in the three worlds, at once perceives that G&nasruti is inwardly grieved at the slighting speech of the flamingo, which had been provoked by the king's want of knowledge of Brahman, and is now making an effort due to the wish of knowing Brahman ; and thus recognises that the king is fit for the reception of that knowledge. Re- flecting thereupon that a knowledge of Brahman may be firmly established in this pupil even without long attendance on the teacher if only he will be liberal to the teacher to the utmost of his capability, he addresses him : ' Do thou take away (apahara) (these things), O 5udra ; keep (the chariot) with the cows for thyself/ What he means to say is, ' By so much only in the way of gifts bestowed on me, the knowledge of Brahman cannot be established in thee, who, through the desire for such knowledge; art plunged I ADHYAYA, 3 PA DA, 35. 34 1
334 1 in grief — the address ' O 5udra' intimating that Raikva knows Ganamiti to be plunged in grief, and on that account fit to receive instruction about Brahman. Cana^ruti there- upon approaches Raikva for a second time, bringing as much wealth as he possibly can, and moreover his own daughter. Raikva again intimates his view of the pupil's fitness for receiving instruction by addressing him a second time as ' 5udra,' and says, ' You have brought these, O 5udra ; by this mouth only you made me speak,' i. e. * You now have brought presents to the utmost of your capability ; by this means only you will induce me, without lengthy service on your part, to utter speech containing that instruction about Brahman which you desire/ — Having said this he begins to instruct him. — We thus see that the appellation * i-udra ' is meant to intimate the grief of Canairuti — which grief in its turn indicates the king's fit- ness for receiving instruction ; and is not meant to declare that Canamiti belongs to the lowest caste. 34. And on account of (C^anasruti's) kshattriya- hood being understood. The first section of the vidya tells us that Cana^ruti bestowed much wealth and food ; later on he is represented as sending his door-keeper on an errand ; and in the end, as bestowing on Raikva many villages — which shows him to be a territorial lord. All these circumstances suggest Cana.miti's being a Kshattriya, and hence not a member of the lowest caste. — The above Sutra having declared that the kshattriya-hood of Ganasruti is indicated in the introductory legend, the next Sutra shows that the same circumstance is indicated in the concluding legend. 35. On account of the inferential sign further on, together with Aaitraratha. The kshattriya-hood of Cana^ruti is further to be accepted on account of the Kshattriya Abhipratarin iTaitraratha, who is mentioned further on in this very same Sa;/zvarga- vidya which Raikva imparts to Ganamiti. — But why? — As follows. The section beginning ' Once a Brahma^arin 3 4 2 VEDA NT A-S<JTR AS.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
133. (That) grief of him (arose), this is intimated by his (Ganamiti's) resorting to him (Raikva) on hearing a disrespectful speech about himself. From what the text says about Ganasruti Pautrdya^a having been taunted by a flafningo for his want of know- ledge of Brahman, and having thereupon resorted to Raikva, who possessed the knowledge of Brahman, it appears that sorrow (suk) had taken possession of him ; and it is with a view to this that Raikva addresses him as 6udra. For the word 6udra, etymologically considered, means one who grieves or sorrows (i-o^ati). The appella- tion * judra ' therefore refers to his sorrow, not to* his being a member of the fourth caste. This clearly appears from a consideration of the whole story. Ganasruti Pautraya/za was a very liberal and pious king. Being much pleased with his virtuous life, and wishing to rouse in him the desire of knowing Brahman, two noble-minded beings, assuming the shape of flamingoes, flew past him at night time, when one of them addressed the other, ' O Bhallaksha, the light of Canairuti has spread like the sky ; do not go z 2 3 40 VEDANTA-S<JTR AS.
2near that it may not burn thee.' To this praise of Canajruti the other flamingo replied, ' How can you speak of him, being what he is, as if he were Raikva " sayuktvan" ?' i. e. * how can you speak of GanaiTuti, being what he is, as if he were Raikva, who knows Brahman and is endowed with the most eminent qualities ? Raikva, who knows Brahman, alone in this world is truly eminent. Gana-sruti may be very pious, but as he does not know Brahman what quality of his could produce splendour capable of burning me like the splendour of Raikva ? ' The former flamingo thereupon asks who that Raikva is, and its com- panion replies, ' He in whose work and knowledge there are comprised all the works done by good men and all the knowledge belonging to intelligent creatures, that is Raikva/ Ganamiti, having heard this speech of the flamingo — which implied a reproach to himself as being destitute of the knowledge of Brahman, and a glorification of Raikva as possessing that knowledge — at once sends his door-keeper to look for Raikva; and when the door-keeper finds him and brings word, the king himself repairs to him with six hundred cows, a golden necklace, and a carriage yoked with mules, and asks him to teach him the deity on which he meditates, i. e. the highest deity. Raikva, who through the might of his Yoga-knowledge is acquainted with every- thing that passes in the three worlds, at once perceives that G&nasruti is inwardly grieved at the slighting speech of the flamingo, which had been provoked by the king's want of knowledge of Brahman, and is now making an effort due to the wish of knowing Brahman ; and thus recognises that the king is fit for the reception of that knowledge. Re- flecting thereupon that a knowledge of Brahman may be firmly established in this pupil even without long attendance on the teacher if only he will be liberal to the teacher to the utmost of his capability, he addresses him : ' Do thou take away (apahara) (these things), O 5udra ; keep (the chariot) with the cows for thyself/ What he means to say is, ' By so much only in the way of gifts bestowed on me, the knowledge of Brahman cannot be established in thee, who, through the desire for such knowledge; art plunged I ADHYAYA, 3 PA DA, 35. 34 1
334 1 in grief — the address ' O 5udra' intimating that Raikva knows Ganamiti to be plunged in grief, and on that account fit to receive instruction about Brahman. Cana^ruti there- upon approaches Raikva for a second time, bringing as much wealth as he possibly can, and moreover his own daughter. Raikva again intimates his view of the pupil's fitness for receiving instruction by addressing him a second time as ' 5udra,' and says, ' You have brought these, O 5udra ; by this mouth only you made me speak,' i. e. * You now have brought presents to the utmost of your capability ; by this means only you will induce me, without lengthy service on your part, to utter speech containing that instruction about Brahman which you desire/ — Having said this he begins to instruct him. — We thus see that the appellation * i-udra ' is meant to intimate the grief of Canairuti — which grief in its turn indicates the king's fit- ness for receiving instruction ; and is not meant to declare that Canamiti belongs to the lowest caste. 34. And on account of (C^anasruti's) kshattriya- hood being understood. The first section of the vidya tells us that Cana^ruti bestowed much wealth and food ; later on he is represented as sending his door-keeper on an errand ; and in the end, as bestowing on Raikva many villages — which shows him to be a territorial lord. All these circumstances suggest Cana.miti's being a Kshattriya, and hence not a member of the lowest caste. — The above Sutra having declared that the kshattriya-hood of Ganasruti is indicated in the introductory legend, the next Sutra shows that the same circumstance is indicated in the concluding legend. 35. On account of the inferential sign further on, together with Aaitraratha. The kshattriya-hood of Cana^ruti is further to be accepted on account of the Kshattriya Abhipratarin iTaitraratha, who is mentioned further on in this very same Sa;/zvarga- vidya which Raikva imparts to Ganamiti. — But why? — As follows. The section beginning ' Once a Brahma^arin 3 4 2 VEDA NT A-S<JTR AS.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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