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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Cf. J. Muir, Orig. Sansk. Texts, vol. v, p. 389. Par. 16, 1. 2. Read,—they ascend to where desires have vanished. - 393, par. I, 1. 4. Read,—Gana Sarkarakshya. (44] eq TRANSLITERATION OF ORIENTAL ALPHABETS ADOPTED FOR THE TRANSLATIONS OF THE SACRED Books or THE East. CONSONANTS. MISSIONARY ALPHABRT. T Class. TI Class. ————y IIT Class. Pehlevi. Hebrew. Chinese. 4 ” aspirata ee rr ry 8 ” 9 boy 10, eee 11s,,_~—s asper fricatus ... . 12s, _~— lenis fricatus . . . . Gutturales modificatae (palatales, &c.) eoeee eRED a nBwvo : {? (ng) 3 (n) & (whe) mR2eRAL RAMAN kh o TRANSLITERATION OF ORIENTAL ALPHABETS. 593 MISSIONARY ALPHABET. CONSONANTS werte.| zend. | Peblevi. | Persian. | Arable, | Hebrew. | Chinesn 1 Ctess, | 11 Class. | ITI Class, 18 Semivocalis .......-. y |eec{eoe-| @] 99 olive l| sic dy 19 Spiritus asper se eeeeee lees] OG) foeeslees[oees [ered 20 lenis. sseeeee leer! WG) [oeecloes[ooeelece] 21» asper assibilatus .. |---| # Jeers by ay 22 4, lenis assibilatus .. |---| # |eer-}ooe| ® Dentales. 23 Tenuis ...... eooees|] € 24 ,, aspirsta........| th 25 =, assibilata....... ° 26 Media ...c-+cceeee] 27 «4, «so aupirata. ce eeees dh |. ee fevee n 1 5 2 ey ? Py EG ] 3 a ev ea Fs 28 «~,, assibilata.... 20. /e 29 Nasalis. . 2. ec cccees 30 Semivocalis ...22ce00- . 31 mollisl...ee{oee] 2 Jeers 82 ” mollis2..eeecleeecle o 83 Spiritus asper1 ..-225-| 8 |e ee 34 » aeperBeeesees[o cele oe] 8U/) eceleovece oe ee ee mm e0e/ et ame w e e ° e e ° ° . 35, lenis ...eeeee s wleeeeleeed S S 36 ~ seperrimus 2... 1. --] > 2(3) |-ee[eeee fees] uf a ah 37 wo aaperrimus 2... - | ce eeleoese we (a) cece eocee eee > eee eee eoce 594 TRANSLITERATION OF ORIENTAL ALPHABETS Dentales modificatace (lingualos, &o.) 38 Tenuis ....eccccce 389, «aspirata 2... 40 Media ....0-.0200. 41, aspirata....... 43 Nasalis... 2c cece 43 Semivocalis .......6. 44 ” fricata. . 20. 45 ” diacritica ... 46 Spiritus asper ....... 47 sx lenis....eeee Labiales. 48 Tenuis .......2.26 49 » aspirata ... 26s 50 Median ....e-cevee 51 ,, aspirata ...... 52 Tenuissima....2.... 54 Semivocalis .......2. 55 ” aspirata.... 56 Spiritus asper ......-. 57 » lenis... ce .ee 68 Anusvéra......0008 59 Visarga. ... ese ccee ug Le es res wT " o3 a oO FOR THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST. 595 f VOWELS, MISSIONARY AI.PHABET. 1 Clase. IT Clase. M11 Class. Pehlevi Hebrew. | Chinese. 1 Neutralis......-2200-. 2 Laryngo-palatalis ...... 3 , Isbialis....... 4 Gutturalis brevis... 2... 5 ” longa ....... 6 Palatalis brevis. ....... 7 4s longa...-.... 8 Dentalis brevis. ....... 9 » longa ..cee.ee 10 Lingualis brevis ....... 11 ” longa ose cece 12 Labialis brevis ........ 18 gg ~=—s longa wee ee eee 14 Gutturo-palatalis brevis . . . 15 » longa ... 16 Diphthongus gutturo-palatalis 17 ” ” 18 ” ” 19 Gutturo-labialis brevis... . 20 ” longa .... 21 Diphthongus gutturo-labialis 22 ” ” 23 »” ” 24 Gutturalis fracta ... 25 Palatalis fracta.......
218 gg ~=—s longa wee ee eee 14 Gutturo-palatalis brevis . . . 15 » longa ... 16 Diphthongus gutturo-palatalis 17 ” ” 18 ” ” 19 Gutturo-labialis brevis... . 20 ” longa .... 21 Diphthongus gutturo-labialis 22 ” ” 23 »” ” 24 Gutturalis fracta ... 25 Palatalis fracta....... 26 Labialis fractta ....... _ 37 Gutturo-labialis fracta . . . ee 8 4 0 & 3 a r i t k “ ri rt u 4 C é (ai) ai ei (ti) oi (Su) 0 6 (au) du leu (&u)] lou (Su) a y ft (e) (ai) (0) (au) 6 -B RE were er” 2 aS wa aw »pB - ww ; eee a e ° «low |> |: e ° o | 596 TRANSLITERATION OF ORIENTAL ALPHABETS. SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST TRANSLATED BY VARIOUS ORIENTAL SCHOLARS AND EDITED BY THE RIGHT HON. F. MAX MULLER. *,* This Series is published with the sanction and co-operation of the Secretary o . State for India in Council, or 7 BEBPORT presented to the ACADEMIE DES INSORIPTIONS, May 11, 1883, by M. BBNEST BENAN. ‘M. Renan présente trois nouveaux volumes de la grande collection des “Livres sacrés de l’Orient” (Sacred Books of the East}, que dirige 4 Oxford, avec une si vaste érudition et une critique si sfire, le savant associé de l’Académie des Inscriptions, M. Max Miiller.... La premiére série de ce beau recueil, com- oste de 24 volumes, est presque achevée. . Max Miiller se propose d’en publier une seconde, dont l’intérét historique et religieux ne sera pas moindre. M. Max Miiller a su se procurer la collaboration des savans les plus éminens d’Europe et d’Asie. L’Université d’Oxford, que cette grande publication honore au plus haut legré, doit tenir & continuer dans les plus larges proportions une ceuvre aussi philosophiquement concue que savamment exécutée.’ BXTRACT from the QUARTERLY BEVIZEW. ‘We rejoice to notice that a second series of these translations has been announced and has actually begun to appear. The stones, at least, out of which a stately edifice may hereafter arise, are here being brought together. Prof. Max Miiller has deserved well of scientific history. Not a few minds owe to his enticing words their first attraction to this branch of study. But no work of his, not even the great edition of the Rig-Veda, can compare in importance or in usefulness with this English translation of the Sacred Books of the East, which has been devised by his foresight, successfully brought so far by his persuasive and organising power, and will, we trust, by the assistance of the distinguished scholars he has gathered round him, be carried in due time to a happy completion.’ Professor B. HARDY, Inaugural Lecture in the University of Freiburg, 1887. ‘Die allgemeine vergleichende Religionswissenschaft datirt von jenem grossartigen, in seiner Art einzig dastehenden Unternehmen, zu welchem auf Anregung Max Miillers im Jahre 1874 auf dem internationalen Orientalistencongress in London der Grundstein gelegt worden war, die Ubersetzung der heiligen Biicher des Ostens’ (the Sacred Books of the East). The Hon. ALBERT 8S. G. CANNING, ‘Words on Existing Religions.’
3The Hon. ALBERT 8S. G. CANNING, ‘Words on Existing Religions.’ © The recent publication of the “ Sacred Books of the ” in English is surely a great event in the annals of theological literature.’ Orford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS LONDON: HENRY FROWDE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE, AMEN CORNER, E.C. 2 SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST: FIRST SERIES. vou. 1. The Upanishads. Translated by F. Max Mtrer. Part I. The AAandogyaupanishad, The Talavakara-upanishad, The Aitareya-Aranyaka, The Kaushftaki-brahmama-upanishad, and The V4gasaneyisamhit4-upanishad. Second Edition. 8vo, cloth, ros. 6d. The Upanishads contain the philosophy of the Veda. They have become the foundation of the later Veddnta doctrines, and indirectly of Buddhism. Schopenhauer, speaking of the Upanishads, says: ‘In the whole world there ts no study so beneficial and so elevating as that of the Upanishads. It has been the solace of my life, tt will be the solace of my death.’ [See also Vol. XV.] von. 11. The Sacred Laws of the Aryas, As taught in the Schools of Apastamba, Gautama, VAsishsha, and Baudh4yana. Translated by Grorc BOnter. Part I. Apastamba and Gautama. Second Edttion. 8vo, cloth, ros. 6d. The Sacred Laws of the Aryas contain the original treattses on which the Laws of Manu and other lawgivers were founded. [See also Vol. XIV.] vou. 111. The Sacred Books of China. The Texts of Confucianism. Translated by James Lecex. Part I. The Shi King, The Religious Portions of the Shih King, and The Hsiao King. 8vo, cloth, 12s. 6d. Confucius was a collector of ancient traditions, not the founder of a new religion. As he lived in the sixth and fifth centuries B.C. his works are of unique interest for the study of Ethology. [See also Vols. XVI, XXVI, XXVIII, XXXIX, and XL.] Vou. Iv. The Zend-Avesta. Translated by Jamzs DarmesTeTER. PartI. The Vendidad. Second Edition. 8vo, cloth, 14s. The Zend-Avesta contains the relics of what was the religion off Cyrus, Darius, and Xerxes, and, but for the batile of Marathon, EDITED BY F. MAX MULLER. 3 might have become the religion of Europe. It forms to the present day the sacred book of the Parsts, the so-called fire-worshippers. (See also Vols. XXIII and XXXI.] voz. V. Pahlavi Texts. Translated by E. W. West. Part I. The Bundahis, Bahman Yast, and Shayast l4-shayast. 8vo, cloth, 12s. 6d. The Pahlavi Texts comprise the theological literature of the revival of Zoroaster’s religion, beginning with the Sassanian dynasty. They are important for a study of Gnoshcism. [See also Vols, XVIII, XXIV, XXXVII, and XLVIL] Vous. VI anp IX. The Qur'an. Partsland Il. Translated by E.H. Parmgr. 8vo, cloth, 21s. This translation, carried out according to his own peculiar views of the origin of the Qur’én, was the last great work of E. H. Palmer, before he was murdered in Egypt. vou. vit, The Institutes of Vishzu. Translated by Junius Jotty. 8vo, cloth, ros. 6d.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Cf. J. Muir, Orig. Sansk. Texts, vol. v, p. 389. Par. 16, 1. 2. Read,—they ascend to where desires have vanished. - 393, par. I, 1. 4. Read,—Gana Sarkarakshya. (44] eq TRANSLITERATION OF ORIENTAL ALPHABETS ADOPTED FOR THE TRANSLATIONS OF THE SACRED Books or THE East. CONSONANTS. MISSIONARY ALPHABRT. T Class. TI Class. ————y IIT Class. Pehlevi. Hebrew. Chinese. 4 ” aspirata ee rr ry 8 ” 9 boy 10, eee 11s,,_~—s asper fricatus ... . 12s, _~— lenis fricatus . . . . Gutturales modificatae (palatales, &c.) eoeee eRED a nBwvo : {? (ng) 3 (n) & (whe) mR2eRAL RAMAN kh o TRANSLITERATION OF ORIENTAL ALPHABETS. 593 MISSIONARY ALPHABET. CONSONANTS werte.| zend. | Peblevi. | Persian. | Arable, | Hebrew. | Chinesn 1 Ctess, | 11 Class. | ITI Class, 18 Semivocalis .......-. y |eec{eoe-| @] 99 olive l| sic dy 19 Spiritus asper se eeeeee lees] OG) foeeslees[oees [ered 20 lenis. sseeeee leer! WG) [oeecloes[ooeelece] 21» asper assibilatus .. |---| # Jeers by ay 22 4, lenis assibilatus .. |---| # |eer-}ooe| ® Dentales. 23 Tenuis ...... eooees|] € 24 ,, aspirsta........| th 25 =, assibilata....... ° 26 Media ...c-+cceeee] 27 «4, «so aupirata. ce eeees dh |. ee fevee n 1 5 2 ey ? Py EG ] 3 a ev ea Fs 28 «~,, assibilata.... 20. /e 29 Nasalis. . 2. ec cccees 30 Semivocalis ...22ce00- . 31 mollisl...ee{oee] 2 Jeers 82 ” mollis2..eeecleeecle o 83 Spiritus asper1 ..-225-| 8 |e ee 34 » aeperBeeesees[o cele oe] 8U/) eceleovece oe ee ee mm e0e/ et ame w e e ° e e ° ° . 35, lenis ...eeeee s wleeeeleeed S S 36 ~ seperrimus 2... 1. --] > 2(3) |-ee[eeee fees] uf a ah 37 wo aaperrimus 2... - | ce eeleoese we (a) cece eocee eee > eee eee eoce 594 TRANSLITERATION OF ORIENTAL ALPHABETS Dentales modificatace (lingualos, &o.) 38 Tenuis ....eccccce 389, «aspirata 2... 40 Media ....0-.0200. 41, aspirata....... 43 Nasalis... 2c cece 43 Semivocalis .......6. 44 ” fricata. . 20. 45 ” diacritica ... 46 Spiritus asper ....... 47 sx lenis....eeee Labiales. 48 Tenuis .......2.26 49 » aspirata ... 26s 50 Median ....e-cevee 51 ,, aspirata ...... 52 Tenuissima....2.... 54 Semivocalis .......2. 55 ” aspirata.... 56 Spiritus asper ......-. 57 » lenis... ce .ee 68 Anusvéra......0008 59 Visarga. ... ese ccee ug Le es res wT " o3 a oO FOR THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST. 595 f VOWELS, MISSIONARY AI.PHABET. 1 Clase. IT Clase. M11 Class. Pehlevi Hebrew. | Chinese. 1 Neutralis......-2200-. 2 Laryngo-palatalis ...... 3 , Isbialis....... 4 Gutturalis brevis... 2... 5 ” longa ....... 6 Palatalis brevis. ....... 7 4s longa...-.... 8 Dentalis brevis. ....... 9 » longa ..cee.ee 10 Lingualis brevis ....... 11 ” longa ose cece 12 Labialis brevis ........ 18 gg ~=—s longa wee ee eee 14 Gutturo-palatalis brevis . . . 15 » longa ... 16 Diphthongus gutturo-palatalis 17 ” ” 18 ” ” 19 Gutturo-labialis brevis... . 20 ” longa .... 21 Diphthongus gutturo-labialis 22 ” ” 23 »” ” 24 Gutturalis fracta ... 25 Palatalis fracta.......
218 gg ~=—s longa wee ee eee 14 Gutturo-palatalis brevis . . . 15 » longa ... 16 Diphthongus gutturo-palatalis 17 ” ” 18 ” ” 19 Gutturo-labialis brevis... . 20 ” longa .... 21 Diphthongus gutturo-labialis 22 ” ” 23 »” ” 24 Gutturalis fracta ... 25 Palatalis fracta....... 26 Labialis fractta ....... _ 37 Gutturo-labialis fracta . . . ee 8 4 0 & 3 a r i t k “ ri rt u 4 C é (ai) ai ei (ti) oi (Su) 0 6 (au) du leu (&u)] lou (Su) a y ft (e) (ai) (0) (au) 6 -B RE were er” 2 aS wa aw »pB - ww ; eee a e ° «low |> |: e ° o | 596 TRANSLITERATION OF ORIENTAL ALPHABETS. SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST TRANSLATED BY VARIOUS ORIENTAL SCHOLARS AND EDITED BY THE RIGHT HON. F. MAX MULLER. *,* This Series is published with the sanction and co-operation of the Secretary o . State for India in Council, or 7 BEBPORT presented to the ACADEMIE DES INSORIPTIONS, May 11, 1883, by M. BBNEST BENAN. ‘M. Renan présente trois nouveaux volumes de la grande collection des “Livres sacrés de l’Orient” (Sacred Books of the East}, que dirige 4 Oxford, avec une si vaste érudition et une critique si sfire, le savant associé de l’Académie des Inscriptions, M. Max Miiller.... La premiére série de ce beau recueil, com- oste de 24 volumes, est presque achevée. . Max Miiller se propose d’en publier une seconde, dont l’intérét historique et religieux ne sera pas moindre. M. Max Miiller a su se procurer la collaboration des savans les plus éminens d’Europe et d’Asie. L’Université d’Oxford, que cette grande publication honore au plus haut legré, doit tenir & continuer dans les plus larges proportions une ceuvre aussi philosophiquement concue que savamment exécutée.’ BXTRACT from the QUARTERLY BEVIZEW. ‘We rejoice to notice that a second series of these translations has been announced and has actually begun to appear. The stones, at least, out of which a stately edifice may hereafter arise, are here being brought together. Prof. Max Miiller has deserved well of scientific history. Not a few minds owe to his enticing words their first attraction to this branch of study. But no work of his, not even the great edition of the Rig-Veda, can compare in importance or in usefulness with this English translation of the Sacred Books of the East, which has been devised by his foresight, successfully brought so far by his persuasive and organising power, and will, we trust, by the assistance of the distinguished scholars he has gathered round him, be carried in due time to a happy completion.’ Professor B. HARDY, Inaugural Lecture in the University of Freiburg, 1887. ‘Die allgemeine vergleichende Religionswissenschaft datirt von jenem grossartigen, in seiner Art einzig dastehenden Unternehmen, zu welchem auf Anregung Max Miillers im Jahre 1874 auf dem internationalen Orientalistencongress in London der Grundstein gelegt worden war, die Ubersetzung der heiligen Biicher des Ostens’ (the Sacred Books of the East). The Hon. ALBERT 8S. G. CANNING, ‘Words on Existing Religions.’
3The Hon. ALBERT 8S. G. CANNING, ‘Words on Existing Religions.’ © The recent publication of the “ Sacred Books of the ” in English is surely a great event in the annals of theological literature.’ Orford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS LONDON: HENRY FROWDE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE, AMEN CORNER, E.C. 2 SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST: FIRST SERIES. vou. 1. The Upanishads. Translated by F. Max Mtrer. Part I. The AAandogyaupanishad, The Talavakara-upanishad, The Aitareya-Aranyaka, The Kaushftaki-brahmama-upanishad, and The V4gasaneyisamhit4-upanishad. Second Edition. 8vo, cloth, ros. 6d. The Upanishads contain the philosophy of the Veda. They have become the foundation of the later Veddnta doctrines, and indirectly of Buddhism. Schopenhauer, speaking of the Upanishads, says: ‘In the whole world there ts no study so beneficial and so elevating as that of the Upanishads. It has been the solace of my life, tt will be the solace of my death.’ [See also Vol. XV.] von. 11. The Sacred Laws of the Aryas, As taught in the Schools of Apastamba, Gautama, VAsishsha, and Baudh4yana. Translated by Grorc BOnter. Part I. Apastamba and Gautama. Second Edttion. 8vo, cloth, ros. 6d. The Sacred Laws of the Aryas contain the original treattses on which the Laws of Manu and other lawgivers were founded. [See also Vol. XIV.] vou. 111. The Sacred Books of China. The Texts of Confucianism. Translated by James Lecex. Part I. The Shi King, The Religious Portions of the Shih King, and The Hsiao King. 8vo, cloth, 12s. 6d. Confucius was a collector of ancient traditions, not the founder of a new religion. As he lived in the sixth and fifth centuries B.C. his works are of unique interest for the study of Ethology. [See also Vols. XVI, XXVI, XXVIII, XXXIX, and XL.] Vou. Iv. The Zend-Avesta. Translated by Jamzs DarmesTeTER. PartI. The Vendidad. Second Edition. 8vo, cloth, 14s. The Zend-Avesta contains the relics of what was the religion off Cyrus, Darius, and Xerxes, and, but for the batile of Marathon, EDITED BY F. MAX MULLER. 3 might have become the religion of Europe. It forms to the present day the sacred book of the Parsts, the so-called fire-worshippers. (See also Vols. XXIII and XXXI.] voz. V. Pahlavi Texts. Translated by E. W. West. Part I. The Bundahis, Bahman Yast, and Shayast l4-shayast. 8vo, cloth, 12s. 6d. The Pahlavi Texts comprise the theological literature of the revival of Zoroaster’s religion, beginning with the Sassanian dynasty. They are important for a study of Gnoshcism. [See also Vols, XVIII, XXIV, XXXVII, and XLVIL] Vous. VI anp IX. The Qur'an. Partsland Il. Translated by E.H. Parmgr. 8vo, cloth, 21s. This translation, carried out according to his own peculiar views of the origin of the Qur’én, was the last great work of E. H. Palmer, before he was murdered in Egypt. vou. vit, The Institutes of Vishzu. Translated by Junius Jotty. 8vo, cloth, ros. 6d.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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