Fetching
One moment.
Fetching
One moment.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1The St. Petersburg Dict. suggests ‘steep bank (escarpment), or side (of a hill)’ K&ty. XXI, 3, 15 (kakshe) seems also to imply some kind of hollow ground, surrounded by bushes and trees. * That is, apparently, lightened, or improving, sin. * It might also mean, ih a south-easterly direction, but the comparison with food introduced into the mouth from the front (east) and the specification of the opposite direction evidently point to the above meaning. ‘ That is, without urging forward the standing water which they join, but quickly flowing into it. * That is, apparently, such a lake as never dries up. * That is, Ursa major, the Great Bear, or Charles’s Wain. 426 SATAPATHA-BRAHMANA. 10. Let him make it in a pleasant (spot), in order that there should be pleasure for him; and in a peaceful (spot), in order that there should be peace for him. He must not make it either on a path, or in an open space, lest he should make his (the deceased's) sin manifest. 11. Whilst being secluded it should have the sun shining on it from above’: in that it is secluded one hides his sin; and in that it has the sun shining on it from above—yonder sun being the remover of evil—he, indeed, removes the evil from him, and he also causes him to be endowed with the radiance of the sun. 12. Let him not make it where it would be visible from here *, for assuredly it is beckoning, and another of these (members of his family) quickly follows (the deceased) in death. 13. Let there be beautiful objects * at the back,— for beautiful objects mean offspring: beautiful objects, offspring, will thus accrue to him. If there be no beautiful objects, let there be water either at the back or on the left (north) side, for water is indeed a beautiful object; and beautiful objects, offspring, will indeed accrue to him. 14. He makes it on salt (barren) soil, for salt means seed ; the productive thus makes him partake in productiveness, and in that respect, indeed, the ? That is, it should be in a place where at midday the rays of the sun do not fall obliquely on it, KAty. XXI, 3, 15 comm. ? That is, from the village, cf. Katy. XXI, 3, 18. * Or, beautiful ground (4itra). According to the comments on K&ty. XXI, 3, 23 this means that the site of the grave should be so chosen that there are at the back (or west) of it, either woods of various kinds, or ground diversified by woods, hills, temples (1) &c. x1 KAypA, 8 aDHYAYA, I BRAHMANA, 16. 427 Fathers partake in productiveness that they have offspring: his offspring assuredly will be more " prosperous. 15. On such (ground) as is filled with roots, for to the Fathers belongs the (sod) filled with roots ;—it is (sod) of viriza (Andropogon muricatus) and other grasses, for thus the Fathers’ share in this (earth) is not excessive!; and he also thereby makes (the deceased’s) sin to be restricted *.
215. On such (ground) as is filled with roots, for to the Fathers belongs the (sod) filled with roots ;—it is (sod) of viriza (Andropogon muricatus) and other grasses, for thus the Fathers’ share in this (earth) is not excessive!; and he also thereby makes (the deceased’s) sin to be restricted *. 16. Let him not put it near (where grows) Bhdmip4sa’, or reeds, or Asmagandha‘, or Adhyanda, or Przsniparat (‘speckled-leaf,’ Hemionitis cordifolia); nor let him make it near either an Asvattha (Ficus religiosa), or a Vibhitaka (Terminalia bellerica), or a Tilvaka (Symplocos racemosa), or a Sphargaka (Diospyros embryopteris), or a Haridru (Pinus deodora), or a Nyagrodha (Ficus indica), or 1 Whilst their share would have been excessive, if all the ground covered with vegetation were assigned to them. It is also worthy of note that Katy. Sr. XXV, 7, 17, in enumerating the plants which are to be removed from the site of the funeral pile, mentions (apparently in the place of our Bhfmip4s4) the Visékha, explained by the commentator as identical with ‘dfrva’ ; and Sir H. M. Elliott, Races of the N. W. Province of India, II, p. 303, remarks, on the Db grass (Agrestis linearis, or Cynodon dactylon), that ‘its tenacity whenever it once fixes its roots has caused it to be used in a common simile when the attachment of Zamindars to their native soil is spoken of.’ * Apparently lit. ‘binding (itself), ?i.e. either restricted in quantity, or limited to his own person, not transmitted to his son. Cf. XIII, 8, 3, 10. It can hardly be taken in the sense of ‘ binding the sin.’ * Literally, ‘Earth-net,’ apparently some troublesome creeping plant corresponding to our rest-harrow (Ononis arvensis or spinosa), or couch-grass (Triticum repens), but of tropical dimensions. « Lit. ‘rock-smell,’ perhaps identical with Asvagandhé (lit. ‘ horsesmell,’ Physalis flexuosa). 428 SATAPATHA-BRAHMANA. any other (trees) of evil name’, so as to avoid (such) names from a desire of good luck. 17. Now as to the order of procedure. For an Agniéit (builder of a fire-altar) one makes the tomb after the manner of the fire-altar ; for when a Sacrificer builds a fire-altar he thereby constructs for himself by sacrifice a (new) body for yonder world ; but that sacrificial performance is not complete until the making of a tomb; and when he makes the tomb of the Agniéit after the manner of the firealtar, it is thereby he completes the Agnitity4. 18. One must not make it (too) large lest he should make the sin (of the deceased) large. ‘Let him make it as large as the fire-altar without wings and tail,’ say some, ‘for like that of the fire-altar is this his (the Sacrificer’s) body.’ 19. But let him rather make it just of man’s size: he thus leaves no room for another ;—broader (vartyas) behind’, for what is (left) behind is offspring: he thus makes the (dead man’s) offspring more excellent * (vartyas) ;—and broader on the left (north ¢ or higher, uttara) side, for the later (uttara)
31 The commentator, on K4ty. XXI, 3, 20, and Vag. S. XXXV, 1, instances the sleshmAntaka (‘ antiphlegmatic,’ i. e. Cordia latifolia or myxa) and the kovidara (‘bad for splitting,’ Bauhinia variegata; which, according to Stewart and Brandis, shows vertical cracks in the bark). * The grave being constructed in such a way that the four corners lie in the direction of the four quarters, the back, or west side of the grave would really mean the side facing the north-west. 5 Or, perhaps, more extended, more numerous or prosperous. ‘ In reality, the north means here the side facing the north-east. The side of the tumulus is to form a quadrilateral, of which the two sides intersecting each other at the north corner, are to be longer than the two which intersect at the south corner; viz. each of the xi KAwps, 8 ADHYAYA, 2 BRAHMANA, I. 429 are offspring: he thus makes the offspring more excellent. Having attended to this, he encloses it with cords twisted (and extended) in the non-sunwise way!'; for the (sacrificial) performance connected with the Fathers is done in the non-sunwise way. 20. He then bids them cut out (the earth). He should cut it out to whatever extent he intends to raise (the sepulchral mound), but let him rather cut it out so as to be just of man’s size: he thus leaves no room for another. For, on the one hand, the Fathers are the world of plants, and amongst the roots of plants they (are wont to) hide ; and, on the other *, (he does so) lest he (the deceased) should be separated from this (earth). Srconp BRAHMANA. 1. Now, some bank up (the sepulchral mound) after covering up (the site). The gods and the Asuras, both of them sprung from Pragdpati, were contending for (the possession of) this (terrestrial) world. The gods drove out the Asuras, their rivals and enemies, from this world; whence those who former is to measure one man’s length plus 9} angulas (thumb’s breadths), and each of the latter one man’s length minus 9} angulas. See comm. on Vag. S. XXXV, 1. 1 That is, by twisting or spinning the strands from right to left, er contrary to the sun’s course. The cord is extended round the grave from right to left (east, north, west, south) by means of pegs driven into the ground at the four corners; see XIII, 8, 4, 1. * I do not see how the usual force of ‘atho’—viz. that of introducing a new element or argument either analogous, or not quite conformable, to what precedes (cf. Delbritck, Altind. Syntax, Pp. 513)—can apply to this double use of the particle. The two ‘atho’ seem to introduce the reasons for his digging up the ground, and for his not digging up more than a man’s size. 430 SATAPATHA-BRAHMANA. are godly people make their sepulchres so as not to be separate (from the earth), whilst those (people) who are of the Asura nature, the Easterns and others, (make their sepulchral mounds) so as to be separated (from the earth), either on a basin! or on some such thing.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1The St. Petersburg Dict. suggests ‘steep bank (escarpment), or side (of a hill)’ K&ty. XXI, 3, 15 (kakshe) seems also to imply some kind of hollow ground, surrounded by bushes and trees. * That is, apparently, lightened, or improving, sin. * It might also mean, ih a south-easterly direction, but the comparison with food introduced into the mouth from the front (east) and the specification of the opposite direction evidently point to the above meaning. ‘ That is, without urging forward the standing water which they join, but quickly flowing into it. * That is, apparently, such a lake as never dries up. * That is, Ursa major, the Great Bear, or Charles’s Wain. 426 SATAPATHA-BRAHMANA. 10. Let him make it in a pleasant (spot), in order that there should be pleasure for him; and in a peaceful (spot), in order that there should be peace for him. He must not make it either on a path, or in an open space, lest he should make his (the deceased's) sin manifest. 11. Whilst being secluded it should have the sun shining on it from above’: in that it is secluded one hides his sin; and in that it has the sun shining on it from above—yonder sun being the remover of evil—he, indeed, removes the evil from him, and he also causes him to be endowed with the radiance of the sun. 12. Let him not make it where it would be visible from here *, for assuredly it is beckoning, and another of these (members of his family) quickly follows (the deceased) in death. 13. Let there be beautiful objects * at the back,— for beautiful objects mean offspring: beautiful objects, offspring, will thus accrue to him. If there be no beautiful objects, let there be water either at the back or on the left (north) side, for water is indeed a beautiful object; and beautiful objects, offspring, will indeed accrue to him. 14. He makes it on salt (barren) soil, for salt means seed ; the productive thus makes him partake in productiveness, and in that respect, indeed, the ? That is, it should be in a place where at midday the rays of the sun do not fall obliquely on it, KAty. XXI, 3, 15 comm. ? That is, from the village, cf. Katy. XXI, 3, 18. * Or, beautiful ground (4itra). According to the comments on K&ty. XXI, 3, 23 this means that the site of the grave should be so chosen that there are at the back (or west) of it, either woods of various kinds, or ground diversified by woods, hills, temples (1) &c. x1 KAypA, 8 aDHYAYA, I BRAHMANA, 16. 427 Fathers partake in productiveness that they have offspring: his offspring assuredly will be more " prosperous. 15. On such (ground) as is filled with roots, for to the Fathers belongs the (sod) filled with roots ;—it is (sod) of viriza (Andropogon muricatus) and other grasses, for thus the Fathers’ share in this (earth) is not excessive!; and he also thereby makes (the deceased’s) sin to be restricted *.
215. On such (ground) as is filled with roots, for to the Fathers belongs the (sod) filled with roots ;—it is (sod) of viriza (Andropogon muricatus) and other grasses, for thus the Fathers’ share in this (earth) is not excessive!; and he also thereby makes (the deceased’s) sin to be restricted *. 16. Let him not put it near (where grows) Bhdmip4sa’, or reeds, or Asmagandha‘, or Adhyanda, or Przsniparat (‘speckled-leaf,’ Hemionitis cordifolia); nor let him make it near either an Asvattha (Ficus religiosa), or a Vibhitaka (Terminalia bellerica), or a Tilvaka (Symplocos racemosa), or a Sphargaka (Diospyros embryopteris), or a Haridru (Pinus deodora), or a Nyagrodha (Ficus indica), or 1 Whilst their share would have been excessive, if all the ground covered with vegetation were assigned to them. It is also worthy of note that Katy. Sr. XXV, 7, 17, in enumerating the plants which are to be removed from the site of the funeral pile, mentions (apparently in the place of our Bhfmip4s4) the Visékha, explained by the commentator as identical with ‘dfrva’ ; and Sir H. M. Elliott, Races of the N. W. Province of India, II, p. 303, remarks, on the Db grass (Agrestis linearis, or Cynodon dactylon), that ‘its tenacity whenever it once fixes its roots has caused it to be used in a common simile when the attachment of Zamindars to their native soil is spoken of.’ * Apparently lit. ‘binding (itself), ?i.e. either restricted in quantity, or limited to his own person, not transmitted to his son. Cf. XIII, 8, 3, 10. It can hardly be taken in the sense of ‘ binding the sin.’ * Literally, ‘Earth-net,’ apparently some troublesome creeping plant corresponding to our rest-harrow (Ononis arvensis or spinosa), or couch-grass (Triticum repens), but of tropical dimensions. « Lit. ‘rock-smell,’ perhaps identical with Asvagandhé (lit. ‘ horsesmell,’ Physalis flexuosa). 428 SATAPATHA-BRAHMANA. any other (trees) of evil name’, so as to avoid (such) names from a desire of good luck. 17. Now as to the order of procedure. For an Agniéit (builder of a fire-altar) one makes the tomb after the manner of the fire-altar ; for when a Sacrificer builds a fire-altar he thereby constructs for himself by sacrifice a (new) body for yonder world ; but that sacrificial performance is not complete until the making of a tomb; and when he makes the tomb of the Agniéit after the manner of the firealtar, it is thereby he completes the Agnitity4. 18. One must not make it (too) large lest he should make the sin (of the deceased) large. ‘Let him make it as large as the fire-altar without wings and tail,’ say some, ‘for like that of the fire-altar is this his (the Sacrificer’s) body.’ 19. But let him rather make it just of man’s size: he thus leaves no room for another ;—broader (vartyas) behind’, for what is (left) behind is offspring: he thus makes the (dead man’s) offspring more excellent * (vartyas) ;—and broader on the left (north ¢ or higher, uttara) side, for the later (uttara)
31 The commentator, on K4ty. XXI, 3, 20, and Vag. S. XXXV, 1, instances the sleshmAntaka (‘ antiphlegmatic,’ i. e. Cordia latifolia or myxa) and the kovidara (‘bad for splitting,’ Bauhinia variegata; which, according to Stewart and Brandis, shows vertical cracks in the bark). * The grave being constructed in such a way that the four corners lie in the direction of the four quarters, the back, or west side of the grave would really mean the side facing the north-west. 5 Or, perhaps, more extended, more numerous or prosperous. ‘ In reality, the north means here the side facing the north-east. The side of the tumulus is to form a quadrilateral, of which the two sides intersecting each other at the north corner, are to be longer than the two which intersect at the south corner; viz. each of the xi KAwps, 8 ADHYAYA, 2 BRAHMANA, I. 429 are offspring: he thus makes the offspring more excellent. Having attended to this, he encloses it with cords twisted (and extended) in the non-sunwise way!'; for the (sacrificial) performance connected with the Fathers is done in the non-sunwise way. 20. He then bids them cut out (the earth). He should cut it out to whatever extent he intends to raise (the sepulchral mound), but let him rather cut it out so as to be just of man’s size: he thus leaves no room for another. For, on the one hand, the Fathers are the world of plants, and amongst the roots of plants they (are wont to) hide ; and, on the other *, (he does so) lest he (the deceased) should be separated from this (earth). Srconp BRAHMANA. 1. Now, some bank up (the sepulchral mound) after covering up (the site). The gods and the Asuras, both of them sprung from Pragdpati, were contending for (the possession of) this (terrestrial) world. The gods drove out the Asuras, their rivals and enemies, from this world; whence those who former is to measure one man’s length plus 9} angulas (thumb’s breadths), and each of the latter one man’s length minus 9} angulas. See comm. on Vag. S. XXXV, 1. 1 That is, by twisting or spinning the strands from right to left, er contrary to the sun’s course. The cord is extended round the grave from right to left (east, north, west, south) by means of pegs driven into the ground at the four corners; see XIII, 8, 4, 1. * I do not see how the usual force of ‘atho’—viz. that of introducing a new element or argument either analogous, or not quite conformable, to what precedes (cf. Delbritck, Altind. Syntax, Pp. 513)—can apply to this double use of the particle. The two ‘atho’ seem to introduce the reasons for his digging up the ground, and for his not digging up more than a man’s size. 430 SATAPATHA-BRAHMANA. are godly people make their sepulchres so as not to be separate (from the earth), whilst those (people) who are of the Asura nature, the Easterns and others, (make their sepulchral mounds) so as to be separated (from the earth), either on a basin! or on some such thing.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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