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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1r-y TV— ^ PRINCETON, N. J. S/ie/f. The satapatha-br ahmana ^^:. ■.-jC' ■• • ■ •■■•■■▼ ^ ,*J pi vV-"^"i '".< IsV^" r^ i ''*'-» jj-i i,^ -•• ■'^'^sm .i': '^ THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST [12] Hontron HENRY FROWDE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE 7 PATERNOSTER ROW THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST TRANSLATED BY VARIOUS ORIENTAL SCHOLARS AND EDITED BY F. MAX MULLER VOL. XII AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1882 \All rights resen'ed] THE ^atapatha-brAhmana ACCORDING TO THE TEXT OF THE MADHYANDINA SCHOOL TRANSLATED BY JULIUS EGGELING PART I BOOKS I AND II AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1882 I All rights reserved ] THBOLU CONTENTS. PAGE Introduction '^ FIRST KAiVZ)A. Darjapur«amasesh/i, or New and Full-moon Sacrifices Vow of Abstinence Preparation of Oiferings Leading forth of Pra?zita;^ .... Taking out of rice for the cakes Preparation of strainers and consecration of the rice by sprinkling with lustral water . Husking and grinding of the rice . Putting on of the potsherds .... Preparation and baking of the cakes Preparation of the Altar Samish/aya^us, or throwing away of the grass-bush Lines of enclosure . . . ■ • Cleaning of spoons Girding of the sacrificer's wife and eyeing of the butter The ofifering-spoons Covering of the altar with sacrificial grass Enclosing of the fire with the Paridhis . Kindling of the Fire The Pravara, or choosing of the Divine Hotr/ . Agharau, or two libations of ghee The Pravara, or choosing of Human Hot;/ Praya^as, or fore-off'erings . . • _ • A^yabhagau, or two butter-portions to Agni-Soma Special Preliminary Rites of New-moon Sacrifice . Chief Off"erings, viz Cake to Agni. Low-voiced offering (upawjuya^a) to Agni-Soma. Cake to Agni-Soma at Full-moon Sacrifice. Cake to Indra-Agni, or Sawndyya to Indra at New- moon Sacrifice. Oblation to Agni Svish/akm *99 I I 6 6 1 1 19 23-38 32 42 47 55 59 67 71 78 83 87 95 114 124 131 138 159 175 190 VIU CONTENTS. Brahman's portions ..... Ida. Anuya^as, or after-offerings ..... Suktavaka, ^awyuvaka, and offering of remains Patnisa;«ya^as ...... Concluding ceremonies ..... PACE 208 216 230 236 256 262 SECOND K^NI)^. Agnyadhana, or Establishment of Sacred Fires Sambharas ...... Asterisms suitable for Agnyadhana . Seasons suitable for Agnyadhana Upavasatha ...... Churning and laying down of fire . Oblations ...... Punaradheya, or Re-establishment of Fire .
2K^NI)^. Agnyadhana, or Establishment of Sacred Fires Sambharas ...... Asterisms suitable for Agnyadhana . Seasons suitable for Agnyadhana Upavasatha ...... Churning and laying down of fire . Oblations ...... Punaradheya, or Re-establishment of Fire . Agnihotra, or Morning and Evening Milk-offerings Agnyupasthana, or Worship of Fires Piw^apitr/ya^Tia, or Oblation of Obsequial Cakes to De- ceased Ancestors ..... Agraya«esh/i, or Offering of First-fruits . Dakshayawa (New and Full-moon) Sacrifice ^aturmasyani, or Seasonal Sacrifices Vaii'vadeva ...... Varuwapraghasa^ ..... Sakamedha>^ ..... Mahahavi/;, or great oblation Maha-pitrzya^«a .... Oblation to Rudra Tryambaka . 6'unasirya ...... Additions and Corrections 274 276 282 289 291 294 302 313 322 338 361 369 374 383 384 391 408 417 420 437 444 452 Transliteration of Oriental Alphabets adopted for the Translations of the Sacred Books of the East . . 453 INTRODUCTION. The translator of the 6*atapatha-brahma;/a can be under no illusion as to the reception his production is likely to meet with at the hand of the general reader. In the whole range of literature few works are probably less calculated to excite the interest of any outside the very limited number of specialists, than the ancient theological writings of the Hindus, known by the name of Brahma//as. For wearisome prolixity of exposition, characterised by dog- matic assertion and a flimsy symbolism rather than by serious reasoning, these works are perhaps not equalled anywhere ; unless, indeed, it be by the speculative vapour- ings of the Gnostics, than which, in the opinion of the learned translators of Irenaeus, ' nothing more absurd has probably ever been imagined by rational beings ^.' If I have, never- theless, undertaken, at the request of the Editor of the present Series, what would seem to be a rather thankless task, the reason will be readily understood by those who have taken even the most cursory view of the history of the Hindu mind and institutions. The Brahma;/as, it is well known, form our chief, if not our only, source of information regarding one of the most important periods in the social and mental development of India. They represent the intellectual activity of a sacerdotal caste which, by turning to account the religious instincts of a gifted and naturally devout race, had succeeded in transforming a primitive worship of the powers of nature into a highly artificial system of sacrificial ceremonies, and was ever intent on deepening and extending its hold on the minds of the people, by surrounding its
3nd naturally devout race, had succeeded in transforming a primitive worship of the powers of nature into a highly artificial system of sacrificial ceremonies, and was ever intent on deepening and extending its hold on the minds of the people, by surrounding its own vocation with the halo of sanctity and divine inspiration. A com- plicated ceremonial, requiring for its proper observance and 1 A. Roberts and W. A. Rambaut, The Writings of Irenseus, vol, i. p. xv. 5'ATAPATHA-BRAHMAJVA. consequent efficacy the ministrations of a highly trained priestly class, has ever been one of the most effective means of promoting hierarchical aspirations. Even practical Rome did not entirely succeed in steering clear of the rock of priestly ascendancy attained by such-like means. There, as elsewhere, ' the neglect or faulty performance of the worship of each god revenged itself in the corresponding occurrence ; and as it was a laborious and difficult task to gain even a knowledge of one's religious obligations, the priests who were skilled in the law of divine things and pointed out its requirements — the pontificcs — could not fail to attain an extraordinary influence ^' The catalogue of the duties and privileges of the priest of Jupiter might well find a place in the Talmud. 'The rule — that no religious sei-vice can be acceptable to the gods, unless it be performed without a flaw — was pushed to such an extent, that a single sacrifice had to be repeated thirty times in succession on account of mistakes again and again committed ; and the games, which formed part of the divine service, were regarded as undone, if the pre- siding magistrate had committed any slip in word or deed, or if the music even had paused at a wrong time, and so had to be begun afresh, frequently for several, even as many as seven, times in succession -.' Great, however, as was the influence acquired by the priestly colleges of Rome, 'it was never forgotten — least of all in the case of those who held the highest position — that their duty was not to command, but to tender skilled advice^.' The Roman statesmen submitted to these transparent tricks rather from considerations of political expediency than from religious scruples ; and the Greek Polybius might well say that 'the strange and ponderous ceremonial of Roman religion was invented solely on account of the multitude which, as reason had no power over it, required to be ruled by signs and wonders^.' The devout belief in the efficacy of invocation and sacri- ' Mommsen, History of Rome, translated by W. P. Dickson, vol. i. p. iSi. * Ibid. vol.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1r-y TV— ^ PRINCETON, N. J. S/ie/f. The satapatha-br ahmana ^^:. ■.-jC' ■• • ■ •■■•■■▼ ^ ,*J pi vV-"^"i '".< IsV^" r^ i ''*'-» jj-i i,^ -•• ■'^'^sm .i': '^ THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST [12] Hontron HENRY FROWDE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE 7 PATERNOSTER ROW THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST TRANSLATED BY VARIOUS ORIENTAL SCHOLARS AND EDITED BY F. MAX MULLER VOL. XII AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1882 \All rights resen'ed] THE ^atapatha-brAhmana ACCORDING TO THE TEXT OF THE MADHYANDINA SCHOOL TRANSLATED BY JULIUS EGGELING PART I BOOKS I AND II AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1882 I All rights reserved ] THBOLU CONTENTS. PAGE Introduction '^ FIRST KAiVZ)A. Darjapur«amasesh/i, or New and Full-moon Sacrifices Vow of Abstinence Preparation of Oiferings Leading forth of Pra?zita;^ .... Taking out of rice for the cakes Preparation of strainers and consecration of the rice by sprinkling with lustral water . Husking and grinding of the rice . Putting on of the potsherds .... Preparation and baking of the cakes Preparation of the Altar Samish/aya^us, or throwing away of the grass-bush Lines of enclosure . . . ■ • Cleaning of spoons Girding of the sacrificer's wife and eyeing of the butter The ofifering-spoons Covering of the altar with sacrificial grass Enclosing of the fire with the Paridhis . Kindling of the Fire The Pravara, or choosing of the Divine Hotr/ . Agharau, or two libations of ghee The Pravara, or choosing of Human Hot;/ Praya^as, or fore-off'erings . . • _ • A^yabhagau, or two butter-portions to Agni-Soma Special Preliminary Rites of New-moon Sacrifice . Chief Off"erings, viz Cake to Agni. Low-voiced offering (upawjuya^a) to Agni-Soma. Cake to Agni-Soma at Full-moon Sacrifice. Cake to Indra-Agni, or Sawndyya to Indra at New- moon Sacrifice. Oblation to Agni Svish/akm *99 I I 6 6 1 1 19 23-38 32 42 47 55 59 67 71 78 83 87 95 114 124 131 138 159 175 190 VIU CONTENTS. Brahman's portions ..... Ida. Anuya^as, or after-offerings ..... Suktavaka, ^awyuvaka, and offering of remains Patnisa;«ya^as ...... Concluding ceremonies ..... PACE 208 216 230 236 256 262 SECOND K^NI)^. Agnyadhana, or Establishment of Sacred Fires Sambharas ...... Asterisms suitable for Agnyadhana . Seasons suitable for Agnyadhana Upavasatha ...... Churning and laying down of fire . Oblations ...... Punaradheya, or Re-establishment of Fire .
2K^NI)^. Agnyadhana, or Establishment of Sacred Fires Sambharas ...... Asterisms suitable for Agnyadhana . Seasons suitable for Agnyadhana Upavasatha ...... Churning and laying down of fire . Oblations ...... Punaradheya, or Re-establishment of Fire . Agnihotra, or Morning and Evening Milk-offerings Agnyupasthana, or Worship of Fires Piw^apitr/ya^Tia, or Oblation of Obsequial Cakes to De- ceased Ancestors ..... Agraya«esh/i, or Offering of First-fruits . Dakshayawa (New and Full-moon) Sacrifice ^aturmasyani, or Seasonal Sacrifices Vaii'vadeva ...... Varuwapraghasa^ ..... Sakamedha>^ ..... Mahahavi/;, or great oblation Maha-pitrzya^«a .... Oblation to Rudra Tryambaka . 6'unasirya ...... Additions and Corrections 274 276 282 289 291 294 302 313 322 338 361 369 374 383 384 391 408 417 420 437 444 452 Transliteration of Oriental Alphabets adopted for the Translations of the Sacred Books of the East . . 453 INTRODUCTION. The translator of the 6*atapatha-brahma;/a can be under no illusion as to the reception his production is likely to meet with at the hand of the general reader. In the whole range of literature few works are probably less calculated to excite the interest of any outside the very limited number of specialists, than the ancient theological writings of the Hindus, known by the name of Brahma//as. For wearisome prolixity of exposition, characterised by dog- matic assertion and a flimsy symbolism rather than by serious reasoning, these works are perhaps not equalled anywhere ; unless, indeed, it be by the speculative vapour- ings of the Gnostics, than which, in the opinion of the learned translators of Irenaeus, ' nothing more absurd has probably ever been imagined by rational beings ^.' If I have, never- theless, undertaken, at the request of the Editor of the present Series, what would seem to be a rather thankless task, the reason will be readily understood by those who have taken even the most cursory view of the history of the Hindu mind and institutions. The Brahma;/as, it is well known, form our chief, if not our only, source of information regarding one of the most important periods in the social and mental development of India. They represent the intellectual activity of a sacerdotal caste which, by turning to account the religious instincts of a gifted and naturally devout race, had succeeded in transforming a primitive worship of the powers of nature into a highly artificial system of sacrificial ceremonies, and was ever intent on deepening and extending its hold on the minds of the people, by surrounding its
3nd naturally devout race, had succeeded in transforming a primitive worship of the powers of nature into a highly artificial system of sacrificial ceremonies, and was ever intent on deepening and extending its hold on the minds of the people, by surrounding its own vocation with the halo of sanctity and divine inspiration. A com- plicated ceremonial, requiring for its proper observance and 1 A. Roberts and W. A. Rambaut, The Writings of Irenseus, vol, i. p. xv. 5'ATAPATHA-BRAHMAJVA. consequent efficacy the ministrations of a highly trained priestly class, has ever been one of the most effective means of promoting hierarchical aspirations. Even practical Rome did not entirely succeed in steering clear of the rock of priestly ascendancy attained by such-like means. There, as elsewhere, ' the neglect or faulty performance of the worship of each god revenged itself in the corresponding occurrence ; and as it was a laborious and difficult task to gain even a knowledge of one's religious obligations, the priests who were skilled in the law of divine things and pointed out its requirements — the pontificcs — could not fail to attain an extraordinary influence ^' The catalogue of the duties and privileges of the priest of Jupiter might well find a place in the Talmud. 'The rule — that no religious sei-vice can be acceptable to the gods, unless it be performed without a flaw — was pushed to such an extent, that a single sacrifice had to be repeated thirty times in succession on account of mistakes again and again committed ; and the games, which formed part of the divine service, were regarded as undone, if the pre- siding magistrate had committed any slip in word or deed, or if the music even had paused at a wrong time, and so had to be begun afresh, frequently for several, even as many as seven, times in succession -.' Great, however, as was the influence acquired by the priestly colleges of Rome, 'it was never forgotten — least of all in the case of those who held the highest position — that their duty was not to command, but to tender skilled advice^.' The Roman statesmen submitted to these transparent tricks rather from considerations of political expediency than from religious scruples ; and the Greek Polybius might well say that 'the strange and ponderous ceremonial of Roman religion was invented solely on account of the multitude which, as reason had no power over it, required to be ruled by signs and wonders^.' The devout belief in the efficacy of invocation and sacri- ' Mommsen, History of Rome, translated by W. P. Dickson, vol. i. p. iSi. * Ibid. vol.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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