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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Google This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world’s books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that’s often difficult to discover. Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book’s long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Usage guidelines Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. We also ask that you: + Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for personal, non-commercial purposes. + Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google’s system: If you are conducting research on machine translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help. + Maintain attribution The Google “watermark” you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it. + Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can’t offer guidance on whether any specific use of any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book’s appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe. About Google Book Search Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http: //books.google.com/ A B 3 021 332
2Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http: //books.google.com/ A B 3 021 332 REFSE LIBRARY. ie TH 4 e SPPY OF CABRTEORNIA. IVER 2 x diecast atadinandemmmanesaces Pree PTE FF EPeTPRR Nery eReEp py eT me cay ete THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST [32] Zondon HENRY FROWDE OxrorD UNIVERSITY Press WAREHOUSE AMEN CORNER, E.C, THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST TRANSLATED _ BY VARIOUS ORIENTAL SCHOLARS AND EDITED BY F. MAX MULLER VOL. XXXII @rford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1891 (AR rights reserved ] Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY MORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY VEDIC HYMNS TRANSLATED BY F. MAX MULLER PART I HYMNS TO THE MARUTS, RUDRA, VAYU, AND VATA @rford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1891 [AU rights reserved] INTRODUCTION CONTENTS. PREFACE TO THE First EpiTIon Hymns, TRANSLATION AND Notes :— Mandala X, 121, 6, The Unknown God . . Indra and the Maruts 19, Agni and the Maruts . 37) 38, 39, 64, 85, 86, 87, 88, 165, 166, I 67, 168, 179, 171, 172, 34 §2, 53> 54 55> 56, 57) 58, 59 The Maruts ”» The Maruts and Indra The Maruts ” Dialogue between Indra and d Agasya The Maruts PAGE ix . Xxix I-74 14 53 7 63 - 81- 97- 106: - 126 154 159 169 179 209 2726 279 286 289 293 295 312 319 325 333 337 340 343 347 vill CONTENTS. Mandala V, ” ” VI, VII, ” VIII, X, I, Il, VI, VII, I, 60, 61, 87, 66, \ 56, 57) 58, 59) 7 20, 94, 11 78, 43, 114, 33, 74 46, 2, Agni and the Maruts . The Maruts The Maruts and Rudra The Maruts ” ” ” ” Rudra Rudra, the Father of the Maruts. Soma and Rudra Rudra Vayu » 134, X, 168, Vata » 186, ,, APPENDICES :— I. Index of Words. II. List of the more important Passages quoted in the Preface and in the Notes . III. A Bibliographical List of the more important Publications on the Rig-veda . . Corrigenda Transliteration of Oriental Alphabets adopted for the Translations of the Sacred Books of the East . PAGE 352 356 363 368 373 379 382 386 390 400 408 412 416 419 422 426 434 436 440 444 449 45! 455 53° 540 551 553 INTRODUCTION. I finished the Preface to the first volume of my translation of the Hymns to the Maruts with the following words: ‘ The second volume, which I am now preparing for Press, will contain the remaining hymns addressed to the Maruts. The notes will necessarily have to be reduced to smaller dimensions, but they must always constitute the more important part in a translation or, more truly, in a deciphering of Vedic hymns.’
3The notes will necessarily have to be reduced to smaller dimensions, but they must always constitute the more important part in a translation or, more truly, in a deciphering of Vedic hymns.’ This was written more than twenty years ago, but though since that time Vedic scholarship has advanced with giant steps, I still hold exactly the same opinion which I held then with regard to the principles that ought to be followed by the first translators of the Veda. I hold that they ought to be decipherers, and that they are bound to justify every word of their translation in exactly the same manner in which the decipherers of hieroglyphic or cuneiform inscriptions justify every step they take. I therefore called my translation the first traduction raisonnée. I took as an example which I tried to follow, though well aware of my inability to reach its excellence, the Commentaire sur le Yasna by my friend and teacher, Eugéne Burnouf. Burnouf considered a commentary of 940 pages quarto as by no means excessive for a thorough interpretation of the first chapter of the Zoroastrian Veda, and only those unacquainted with the real difficulties of the Rig-veda would venture to say that its ancient words and thoughts required a less painstaking elucidation than those of the Avesta. In spite of all that has been said and written to the contrary, and with every wish to learn from those who think that the difficulties of a translation of Vedic hymns have been unduly exaggerated by me, I cannot in the least x VEDIC HYMNS. modify what I said twenty, or rather forty years ago, that a mere translation of the Veda, however accurate, intelligible, poetical, and even beautiful, is of absolutely no value for the advancement of Vedic scholarship, unless it is followed by piéces justificatives, that is, unless the translator gives his reasons why he has translated every word about which there can be any doubt, in his own way, and not in any other. It is well known that Professor von Roth, one of our most eminent Vedic scholars, holds the very opposite opinion. He declares that a metrical translation is the best commentary, and that if he could ever think of a translation of the Rig-veda, he would throw the chief weight, not on the notes, but on the translation of the text. ‘A translation,’ he writes, ‘must speak for itself. As a rule, it only requires a commentary where it is not directly convincing, and where the translator does not feel secure.’ Between opinions so diametrically opposed, no compromise seems possible, and yet I feel convinced that when we come to discuss any controverted passage, Professor von Roth will have to adopt exactly the same principles of translation which I have followed.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Google This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world’s books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that’s often difficult to discover. Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book’s long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Usage guidelines Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. We also ask that you: + Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for personal, non-commercial purposes. + Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google’s system: If you are conducting research on machine translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help. + Maintain attribution The Google “watermark” you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it. + Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can’t offer guidance on whether any specific use of any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book’s appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe. About Google Book Search Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http: //books.google.com/ A B 3 021 332
2Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http: //books.google.com/ A B 3 021 332 REFSE LIBRARY. ie TH 4 e SPPY OF CABRTEORNIA. IVER 2 x diecast atadinandemmmanesaces Pree PTE FF EPeTPRR Nery eReEp py eT me cay ete THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST [32] Zondon HENRY FROWDE OxrorD UNIVERSITY Press WAREHOUSE AMEN CORNER, E.C, THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST TRANSLATED _ BY VARIOUS ORIENTAL SCHOLARS AND EDITED BY F. MAX MULLER VOL. XXXII @rford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1891 (AR rights reserved ] Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY MORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY VEDIC HYMNS TRANSLATED BY F. MAX MULLER PART I HYMNS TO THE MARUTS, RUDRA, VAYU, AND VATA @rford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1891 [AU rights reserved] INTRODUCTION CONTENTS. PREFACE TO THE First EpiTIon Hymns, TRANSLATION AND Notes :— Mandala X, 121, 6, The Unknown God . . Indra and the Maruts 19, Agni and the Maruts . 37) 38, 39, 64, 85, 86, 87, 88, 165, 166, I 67, 168, 179, 171, 172, 34 §2, 53> 54 55> 56, 57) 58, 59 The Maruts ”» The Maruts and Indra The Maruts ” Dialogue between Indra and d Agasya The Maruts PAGE ix . Xxix I-74 14 53 7 63 - 81- 97- 106: - 126 154 159 169 179 209 2726 279 286 289 293 295 312 319 325 333 337 340 343 347 vill CONTENTS. Mandala V, ” ” VI, VII, ” VIII, X, I, Il, VI, VII, I, 60, 61, 87, 66, \ 56, 57) 58, 59) 7 20, 94, 11 78, 43, 114, 33, 74 46, 2, Agni and the Maruts . The Maruts The Maruts and Rudra The Maruts ” ” ” ” Rudra Rudra, the Father of the Maruts. Soma and Rudra Rudra Vayu » 134, X, 168, Vata » 186, ,, APPENDICES :— I. Index of Words. II. List of the more important Passages quoted in the Preface and in the Notes . III. A Bibliographical List of the more important Publications on the Rig-veda . . Corrigenda Transliteration of Oriental Alphabets adopted for the Translations of the Sacred Books of the East . PAGE 352 356 363 368 373 379 382 386 390 400 408 412 416 419 422 426 434 436 440 444 449 45! 455 53° 540 551 553 INTRODUCTION. I finished the Preface to the first volume of my translation of the Hymns to the Maruts with the following words: ‘ The second volume, which I am now preparing for Press, will contain the remaining hymns addressed to the Maruts. The notes will necessarily have to be reduced to smaller dimensions, but they must always constitute the more important part in a translation or, more truly, in a deciphering of Vedic hymns.’
3The notes will necessarily have to be reduced to smaller dimensions, but they must always constitute the more important part in a translation or, more truly, in a deciphering of Vedic hymns.’ This was written more than twenty years ago, but though since that time Vedic scholarship has advanced with giant steps, I still hold exactly the same opinion which I held then with regard to the principles that ought to be followed by the first translators of the Veda. I hold that they ought to be decipherers, and that they are bound to justify every word of their translation in exactly the same manner in which the decipherers of hieroglyphic or cuneiform inscriptions justify every step they take. I therefore called my translation the first traduction raisonnée. I took as an example which I tried to follow, though well aware of my inability to reach its excellence, the Commentaire sur le Yasna by my friend and teacher, Eugéne Burnouf. Burnouf considered a commentary of 940 pages quarto as by no means excessive for a thorough interpretation of the first chapter of the Zoroastrian Veda, and only those unacquainted with the real difficulties of the Rig-veda would venture to say that its ancient words and thoughts required a less painstaking elucidation than those of the Avesta. In spite of all that has been said and written to the contrary, and with every wish to learn from those who think that the difficulties of a translation of Vedic hymns have been unduly exaggerated by me, I cannot in the least x VEDIC HYMNS. modify what I said twenty, or rather forty years ago, that a mere translation of the Veda, however accurate, intelligible, poetical, and even beautiful, is of absolutely no value for the advancement of Vedic scholarship, unless it is followed by piéces justificatives, that is, unless the translator gives his reasons why he has translated every word about which there can be any doubt, in his own way, and not in any other. It is well known that Professor von Roth, one of our most eminent Vedic scholars, holds the very opposite opinion. He declares that a metrical translation is the best commentary, and that if he could ever think of a translation of the Rig-veda, he would throw the chief weight, not on the notes, but on the translation of the text. ‘A translation,’ he writes, ‘must speak for itself. As a rule, it only requires a commentary where it is not directly convincing, and where the translator does not feel secure.’ Between opinions so diametrically opposed, no compromise seems possible, and yet I feel convinced that when we come to discuss any controverted passage, Professor von Roth will have to adopt exactly the same principles of translation which I have followed.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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