Fetching
One moment.
Fetching
One moment.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1The preposition pari: VI, 52, 14. m4 vo vakAmsi paritakshydni vokam, sumneshv id vo antamd madema. Here Professor Kuhn (Beitrage, vol. iv, p. 197) begins the last pada with vokam, but this is impossible, unless we change the accent of vokam, though even then the separa- tion of the verb from m4 and the accumulation of two verbs in the last line would be objectionable. Hari is pronounced as hari: VII, 32,12. ya indro harivin na dabhanti tam ripad. Il, 18, 5. 4 Aatvarimsatd haribhir yugdnah. Hence I propose to scan the difficult verse I, 167, 1, as follows : sahasram ta indra-Qtayo nad, sahasram isho harivo gartatamak®, * As to the scanning of the second line see p. cxiv. CXXiV VEDIC HYMNS. sahasram f rayo mAdayadhyai, sahasriza upa no yantu vagah. That the final o instead of as is treated as a short syllable we saw before, and in I, 133, 6, we observed that it was liable to synizesis. We see the same in ww wwe eo™ - vw 4 _- - I, 175, 6. maya ivapo na trishyate babhitha. ran V, 61,16. 4 yagaiydso vavrittana. The pragréhya i of the dual is known in the Veda to be liable in certain cases to Sandhi. If we extend this licence beyond the limits recognised by the Pratisakhya, we might scan VI, 52, 14. ubhe rodasy apdm napdk ka manma, or we might shorten the i before the a, and admitting synizesis, scan: _ ubhe rodasi apam napa ka manma. In ITI, 6, 10, we must either admit Sandhi between pra&i and adhvaréva, or contract the first two syllables of adhvaréva. The o and e of vocatives before vowels, when changed into av or a(y), are liable to synizesis : mm . IV, 48, 1. vayav 4 Aandrena rathena (Anushtubh, c.) IV, 1, 2. sa bhrdtaram varuzam agna 4 vavritsva. The termination avak also, before vowels, seems to count as one syllable in V, 52, 14, divo va dhrishnava ogas4, which would render Professor Bollensen’s correction (Orient und Occident, vol. ii, p. 480), dhy¢shzuogasa, unnecessary. Like ava and iva, we find aya and iya, too, in several words liable to be contracted in pronunciation; e.g. vayam, VI, 23,5; ayam, I, 177, 4; iyam, VII, 66, 8?; I, 186, 11 (unless we read vorsme); X,129,6. Professor Bollensen’s proposal to change iyam to im, and ayam to 4m (Orient und Occident, vol. ii, p. 461), would only cause obscurity, without any adequate gain, while other words would by a similar suppression of vowels or consonants become simply irrecognisable. In I, 169, 6, for instance, 4dha has to be PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. CXXV
2ii, p. 461), would only cause obscurity, without any adequate gain, while other words would by a similar suppression of vowels or consonants become simply irrecognisable. In I, 169, 6, for instance, 4dha has to be PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. CXXV pronounced with one ictus; in VI, 26, 7, sadhavira is trisyllabic. In VI, 10,1, we must admit synizesis in adhvaré ; in I, 161, 8, either in udakdm or in abravitana; I, 110, 9, in rtbhumdn; VIII, 79, 4, in divak; V, 4, 6, in nvttama (unless we read so=gne); I, 164,17, in para#; VI, 15, 14, in pévaka ; I, 191, 6; VII, 34, 7; 99, 3, in prithivi; II, 20, 8, in ptra#; VI, 10, 1, in prayat{; VI, 17, 7, in bréhat ; IX, 19, 6, in bhiydsam ; I, 133, 6, in maha ; II, 28, 6; IV, 1,2; VI, 75, 18, in varuza; III, 30, 21, in vrishabha; VII, 41, 6, in vaginak; II, 43, 2, in sfsumati#Z; VI, 51, 2, in sanutar; VI, 18, 12, in sthavirasya, &c. These remarks will, I hope, suffice in order to justify the principles by which I have been guided in my treatment of the text and in my translation of the Rig-veda. I know I shall seem to some to have been too timid in retaining whatever can possibly be retained in the traditional text of these ancient hymns, while others will look upon the emendations which I have suggested as unpardonable temerity. Let everything be weighed in the just scales of argument. Those who argue for victory, and not for truth, can have no hearing in our court. There is too much serious work to be done to allow time for wrangling or abuse. Any dictionary will supply strong words to those who condescend to such warfare, but strong arguments require honest labour, sound judgment, and, above all, a genuine love of truth. The second volume, which I am now preparing for Press, will contain the remaining hymns addressed to the Maruts. The notes will necessarily have to be reduced to smaller dimensions, but they must always constitute the more important part in a translation or, more truly, in a deciphering of Vedic hymns. F. MAX MULLER. Parks END, OXFORD: March, 1869. Digitized by Google VEDIC HYMNS. Digitized by Goog le le / _—_— VEDIC HYMNS. MANDALA X, HYMN 121. ASHTAKA VIII, ADHYAYA 7, VARGA 3-4. To THE Unknown Gop. 1. In the beginning there arose the Golden Child (Hirazya-garbha'); as soon as born, he alone was the lord of all that is. He stablished the earth and this heaven:—Who is the God to whom ve shall offer sacrifice ? 2. He who gives breath, he who gives strength, whose! command all the bright gods revere, whose shadow? is immortality, whose shadow is death :— Who is the God to whom we shall offer sacrifice ? 3. He who through his might became the sole king of the breathing and twinkling’ world, who governs all this, man and beast :—Who is the God to whom we shall offer sacrifice ?
3is immortality, whose shadow is death :— Who is the God to whom we shall offer sacrifice ? 3. He who through his might became the sole king of the breathing and twinkling’ world, who governs all this, man and beast :—Who is the God to whom we shall offer sacrifice ? 4. He through whose might! these snowy mountains are, and the sea, they say, with the distant river (the Ras4*), he of whom these regions are indeed the two arms :—Who is the God to whom we shall offer sacrifice ? 5. He through whom the awful heaven and the earth were made fast}, he through whom the ether was stablished, and the firmament; he who measured the air in the sky?:—Who is the God to whom we shall offer sacrifice ? [32] B 2 VEDIC HYMNS. 6. He to whom heaven and earth’, standing firm by his will, look up, trembling in their mind; he over whom the risen sun shines forth :—Who is the God to whom we shall offer sacrifice ? 7. When the great waters! went everywhere, holding the germ (Hiramya-garbha), and generating light, then there arose from them the (sole?) breath of the gods :—Who is the God to whom we shall offer sacrifice ? 8. He who by his might looked even over the waters which held power (the germ) and generated the sacrifice (light'), he who alone is God above all gods?:—Who is the God to whom we shall offer sacrifice ? 9. May he not hurt us, he who is the begetter of the earth, or he, the righteous, who begat the heaven; he who also begat the bright and mighty waters :—Who is the God to whom we shall offer sacrifice ? [10'. Pragdpati, no other than thou embraces all these created things. May that be ours which we desire when sacrificing to thee: may we be lords of wealth !] - ~ NOTES. xX, 121. 3 NOTES. This hymn is ascribed to Hiramyagarbha Prag4patya, and is supposed to be addressed to Ka, Who, i.e. the Unknown God. First translated in my History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature, 1859, p. 569; see also Hibbert Lectures, 1882, p. 301; Muir, Original Sanskrit Texts, IV, p. 15. Verse 1=VS. XIII, 4; XXIII, 1; XXV, 10; TS. IV, 1, 8, 3; 2, 8,2; AV. IV, 2, 7. Verse 2=VS. XXV, 13; TS. IV, 1, 8, 4; VII, 5,17,1; AV. IV, 2,1; XIII, 3, 24. Verse 3=VS. XXIII, 3; XXV, 11; TS. IV, 1, 8, 4; VII, 5, 16,1; AV. IV, 2, 2. Verse 4=VS. XXV, 12; TS. IV, 1, 8, 4; AV. IV, 2, 5. Verse 5=VS. XXXII, 6; TS. IV, 1, 8,5; AV. IV, 2, 4. Verse 6=VS. XXXII, 7; TS. IV, 1, 8, 5; AV. IV, 2, 3. Verse 7=VS. XXVII, 25; XXXII, 7; TS. II, 2, 12,1; IV, 1, 8,5; TA. I, 23, 8; AV. IV, 2, 6. Verse 8=VS. XXVII, 26; XXXII. 7; TS. IV, 1, 8, 6. Verse 9=VS. XII, 102; TS. IV, 2, 7, 1. Verse 10=VS. X, 20; XXIII, 65; TS. I, 8, 14, 2; III, 2, 5,6; TB. II, 8,1, 2; III, 5,7,1; AV. VII, 79, 4; 80, 3.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1The preposition pari: VI, 52, 14. m4 vo vakAmsi paritakshydni vokam, sumneshv id vo antamd madema. Here Professor Kuhn (Beitrage, vol. iv, p. 197) begins the last pada with vokam, but this is impossible, unless we change the accent of vokam, though even then the separa- tion of the verb from m4 and the accumulation of two verbs in the last line would be objectionable. Hari is pronounced as hari: VII, 32,12. ya indro harivin na dabhanti tam ripad. Il, 18, 5. 4 Aatvarimsatd haribhir yugdnah. Hence I propose to scan the difficult verse I, 167, 1, as follows : sahasram ta indra-Qtayo nad, sahasram isho harivo gartatamak®, * As to the scanning of the second line see p. cxiv. CXXiV VEDIC HYMNS. sahasram f rayo mAdayadhyai, sahasriza upa no yantu vagah. That the final o instead of as is treated as a short syllable we saw before, and in I, 133, 6, we observed that it was liable to synizesis. We see the same in ww wwe eo™ - vw 4 _- - I, 175, 6. maya ivapo na trishyate babhitha. ran V, 61,16. 4 yagaiydso vavrittana. The pragréhya i of the dual is known in the Veda to be liable in certain cases to Sandhi. If we extend this licence beyond the limits recognised by the Pratisakhya, we might scan VI, 52, 14. ubhe rodasy apdm napdk ka manma, or we might shorten the i before the a, and admitting synizesis, scan: _ ubhe rodasi apam napa ka manma. In ITI, 6, 10, we must either admit Sandhi between pra&i and adhvaréva, or contract the first two syllables of adhvaréva. The o and e of vocatives before vowels, when changed into av or a(y), are liable to synizesis : mm . IV, 48, 1. vayav 4 Aandrena rathena (Anushtubh, c.) IV, 1, 2. sa bhrdtaram varuzam agna 4 vavritsva. The termination avak also, before vowels, seems to count as one syllable in V, 52, 14, divo va dhrishnava ogas4, which would render Professor Bollensen’s correction (Orient und Occident, vol. ii, p. 480), dhy¢shzuogasa, unnecessary. Like ava and iva, we find aya and iya, too, in several words liable to be contracted in pronunciation; e.g. vayam, VI, 23,5; ayam, I, 177, 4; iyam, VII, 66, 8?; I, 186, 11 (unless we read vorsme); X,129,6. Professor Bollensen’s proposal to change iyam to im, and ayam to 4m (Orient und Occident, vol. ii, p. 461), would only cause obscurity, without any adequate gain, while other words would by a similar suppression of vowels or consonants become simply irrecognisable. In I, 169, 6, for instance, 4dha has to be PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. CXXV
2ii, p. 461), would only cause obscurity, without any adequate gain, while other words would by a similar suppression of vowels or consonants become simply irrecognisable. In I, 169, 6, for instance, 4dha has to be PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. CXXV pronounced with one ictus; in VI, 26, 7, sadhavira is trisyllabic. In VI, 10,1, we must admit synizesis in adhvaré ; in I, 161, 8, either in udakdm or in abravitana; I, 110, 9, in rtbhumdn; VIII, 79, 4, in divak; V, 4, 6, in nvttama (unless we read so=gne); I, 164,17, in para#; VI, 15, 14, in pévaka ; I, 191, 6; VII, 34, 7; 99, 3, in prithivi; II, 20, 8, in ptra#; VI, 10, 1, in prayat{; VI, 17, 7, in bréhat ; IX, 19, 6, in bhiydsam ; I, 133, 6, in maha ; II, 28, 6; IV, 1,2; VI, 75, 18, in varuza; III, 30, 21, in vrishabha; VII, 41, 6, in vaginak; II, 43, 2, in sfsumati#Z; VI, 51, 2, in sanutar; VI, 18, 12, in sthavirasya, &c. These remarks will, I hope, suffice in order to justify the principles by which I have been guided in my treatment of the text and in my translation of the Rig-veda. I know I shall seem to some to have been too timid in retaining whatever can possibly be retained in the traditional text of these ancient hymns, while others will look upon the emendations which I have suggested as unpardonable temerity. Let everything be weighed in the just scales of argument. Those who argue for victory, and not for truth, can have no hearing in our court. There is too much serious work to be done to allow time for wrangling or abuse. Any dictionary will supply strong words to those who condescend to such warfare, but strong arguments require honest labour, sound judgment, and, above all, a genuine love of truth. The second volume, which I am now preparing for Press, will contain the remaining hymns addressed to the Maruts. The notes will necessarily have to be reduced to smaller dimensions, but they must always constitute the more important part in a translation or, more truly, in a deciphering of Vedic hymns. F. MAX MULLER. Parks END, OXFORD: March, 1869. Digitized by Google VEDIC HYMNS. Digitized by Goog le le / _—_— VEDIC HYMNS. MANDALA X, HYMN 121. ASHTAKA VIII, ADHYAYA 7, VARGA 3-4. To THE Unknown Gop. 1. In the beginning there arose the Golden Child (Hirazya-garbha'); as soon as born, he alone was the lord of all that is. He stablished the earth and this heaven:—Who is the God to whom ve shall offer sacrifice ? 2. He who gives breath, he who gives strength, whose! command all the bright gods revere, whose shadow? is immortality, whose shadow is death :— Who is the God to whom we shall offer sacrifice ? 3. He who through his might became the sole king of the breathing and twinkling’ world, who governs all this, man and beast :—Who is the God to whom we shall offer sacrifice ?
3is immortality, whose shadow is death :— Who is the God to whom we shall offer sacrifice ? 3. He who through his might became the sole king of the breathing and twinkling’ world, who governs all this, man and beast :—Who is the God to whom we shall offer sacrifice ? 4. He through whose might! these snowy mountains are, and the sea, they say, with the distant river (the Ras4*), he of whom these regions are indeed the two arms :—Who is the God to whom we shall offer sacrifice ? 5. He through whom the awful heaven and the earth were made fast}, he through whom the ether was stablished, and the firmament; he who measured the air in the sky?:—Who is the God to whom we shall offer sacrifice ? [32] B 2 VEDIC HYMNS. 6. He to whom heaven and earth’, standing firm by his will, look up, trembling in their mind; he over whom the risen sun shines forth :—Who is the God to whom we shall offer sacrifice ? 7. When the great waters! went everywhere, holding the germ (Hiramya-garbha), and generating light, then there arose from them the (sole?) breath of the gods :—Who is the God to whom we shall offer sacrifice ? 8. He who by his might looked even over the waters which held power (the germ) and generated the sacrifice (light'), he who alone is God above all gods?:—Who is the God to whom we shall offer sacrifice ? 9. May he not hurt us, he who is the begetter of the earth, or he, the righteous, who begat the heaven; he who also begat the bright and mighty waters :—Who is the God to whom we shall offer sacrifice ? [10'. Pragdpati, no other than thou embraces all these created things. May that be ours which we desire when sacrificing to thee: may we be lords of wealth !] - ~ NOTES. xX, 121. 3 NOTES. This hymn is ascribed to Hiramyagarbha Prag4patya, and is supposed to be addressed to Ka, Who, i.e. the Unknown God. First translated in my History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature, 1859, p. 569; see also Hibbert Lectures, 1882, p. 301; Muir, Original Sanskrit Texts, IV, p. 15. Verse 1=VS. XIII, 4; XXIII, 1; XXV, 10; TS. IV, 1, 8, 3; 2, 8,2; AV. IV, 2, 7. Verse 2=VS. XXV, 13; TS. IV, 1, 8, 4; VII, 5,17,1; AV. IV, 2,1; XIII, 3, 24. Verse 3=VS. XXIII, 3; XXV, 11; TS. IV, 1, 8, 4; VII, 5, 16,1; AV. IV, 2, 2. Verse 4=VS. XXV, 12; TS. IV, 1, 8, 4; AV. IV, 2, 5. Verse 5=VS. XXXII, 6; TS. IV, 1, 8,5; AV. IV, 2, 4. Verse 6=VS. XXXII, 7; TS. IV, 1, 8, 5; AV. IV, 2, 3. Verse 7=VS. XXVII, 25; XXXII, 7; TS. II, 2, 12,1; IV, 1, 8,5; TA. I, 23, 8; AV. IV, 2, 6. Verse 8=VS. XXVII, 26; XXXII. 7; TS. IV, 1, 8, 6. Verse 9=VS. XII, 102; TS. IV, 2, 7, 1. Verse 10=VS. X, 20; XXIII, 65; TS. I, 8, 14, 2; III, 2, 5,6; TB. II, 8,1, 2; III, 5,7,1; AV. VII, 79, 4; 80, 3.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
No commentary for this page.