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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1---- , and class 8, — uu — must be recognised as legimate endings in the hymns of the Veda, and that by recognising them we are relieved from nearly all, if not all, the more violent prosodial licences which Professor Kuhn felt himself obliged to admit in his theory of Vedic metres. §4.vu--. The verses which fall under § 4 are so numerous that after those of the first Mazdala, mentioned above, they need not be given here in full. They are simply cases where the eighth syllable is not lengthened, and they cannot be supposed to run counter to any rule of the Pratisakhya, for the simple reason that the Pratisdkhya never gave such a rule as that the eighth syllable must be lengthened, if the ninth is short. Examples will be found in the final pada of Trishéubhs: II, 30,6; III, 36, 4; 53, 153 54,123; IV, 1,16; 2,73 95113 4,12; 6,13 23 437,73 11,5317, 33 23,6; 24,2; 27,13 28,53 55,53 57,23 Vol, 2; VI,17, 10; 21,8; 23,7; 25,53 29,6; 33,1; 62,1; 63, 7; VII, 21,5; 28,3; 42,43 56,15; 60,10; 84,2; 92,4; VIII, 1, 33; 96,93 1X, 92,5; X, 61,125; 135 74, 35117, 7. In support of § 5. -— ——, the number of cases is smaller, but it should be remembered that it might be considerably increased if I had not restricted myself to the final pada of each Trish¢ubh, while the first, second, and third pddas would have yielded a much larger harvest : I, 89,9. mA no madhyé ririshatdyur ganto/. I, 92, 6. supratika saumanasdy4gigad. I, 114, 53 117,23 122, 1; 122, 8; 186,3; II, 4,2; III, 49, 2; IV, 3,9; 26,6; V, 41,14; VI, 25,2; 66,11; VII, 8, 6; 28, 4; 68, 1; 71, 2; 78, 13 93, 7°; IX, 90, 4; X, 11, 8. [32] h Cxiv VEDIC HYMNS. I do not wish to deny that in several of these lines it would be possible to remove the long syllable from the ninth place by conjectural emendation. Instead of dyur in I, 89, 9, we might read dyu; in I, 92, 6, we might drop the augment of agigar; in II, 4, 2, we might admit synizesis in aratir, and then read gira-asvah, as in I, 141, 12. In VI, 25, 2, after eliding the a of ava, we might read dasiz. But even if, in addition to all this, we were to admit the possible suppression of final m in asmabhyam, mahyam, and in the accusative singular, or the suppression of s in the nominative singular, both of which would be extreme measures, we should still have a number of cases which could not be righted without even more vio- Jent remedies. Why then should we not rather admit the occasional appearance of a metrical variation which certainly has a powerful precedent in the dispondeus of Gayatris? I am not now acquainted with the last results of metrical criticism in Virgil, but, unless some new theories now prevail, I well recollect that spondaic hexameters, though small in number, much smaller than in the Veda, were recognised by the best scholars, and no emendations attempted to remove them. If then in Virgil we read,
2If then in Virgil we read, ‘Cum patribus populoque, penatibusque et magnis dis,’ why not follow the authority of the best MSS. and the tradition of the Pratisikhyas and admit a dispondeus at the end of a Trishtubh rather than suspend, in order to meet this single difficulty, some of the most fundamental rules of prosody? I now proceed to give a more numerous list of Traishtubha padas ending in a choriambus, — v vu -, again confining myself, with few exceptions, to final p4das: §8 -Uvu-. I, 62, 3. sam usriyAbhir vavasanta nara. I, 103, 4. yad dha sQnué sravase nima dadhe. I, 121, 9; 122, 10°; 173, 8; 186, 2; II, 4,33 19,13 33, 14; IV, 1, 19°*; 25, 43 39, 23 V, 30, 123 41, 45 41,155 * ‘Nur eine Stelle habe ich mir angemerkt, wo das Metrum 4am verlangt.’ PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. CXV VI, 4,73 10,53 11,4; 13, 1°; 13,19; 20,1°; 20,19; 29,4; 33> 35 33> 53 44, 11; 49, 12; 68, 5; 68, 7; VII, 19, 10; 62, 4; IX, 97, 26; X, 55, 8; 99,9; 108, 6; 169, 1. It is perfectly true that this sudden change in the rhythm of Trishtubh verses, making their ending iambic instead of trochaic, grates on our ears. But, I believe, that if we admit a short stop after the seventh syllable, the intended rhythm of these verses will become intelligible. We remarked a similar break in the verses of hymn X, 77, where the sudden transition to an iambic metre was used with great effect, and the choriambic ending, though less effective, is by no means offensive. It should be remarked also, that in many, though not in all cases, a czesura takes place after the seventh syllable, and this is, no doubt, a great help towards a better delivery of these choriambic Trish¢ubhs. While, however, I contend for the recognition of these three varieties of the normal Trish¢ubh metre, I am quite willing to admit that other variations besides these, which occur from time to time in the Veda, form a legitimate subject of critical discussion. § 2, vuunr. Trish‘ubh verses, the final pada of which ends in Uv vu -, I should generally prefer to treat as ending in a Gagata pada, in which this ending is more legitimate. Thus I should propose to scan: ee ee eect eee I, 122, 13. prasastaye mahina rathavate. ee =a ea ely ye III, 20, 5. vastin rudrafi Adityah tha huve. ee eee eye te Ce V, 2,1. purak pasyanti nihitam (tam) aratau. v - weve vs -l vwuv = VI, 13, 5. vayo vrtkayaraye gasuraye. § ILu-u-. I should propose the same medela for some final padas of Trishfubhs apparently ending inv — vu —. We might indeed, as has been suggested, treat these verses as single instances of that peculiar metre which we saw carried out in the whole of hymn X, 77, but at the end of a verse the ad- Kuhn, Beitrage, vol. iv, p. 180; Bollensen, Zeitschrift der D. M.G., vol. xxii, p. 587. h2 cxvi VEDIC HYMNS. mission of an occasional Gagata pada is more in accordance with the habit of the Vedic poets. Thus I should scan: w _- w - w ~v = i] ww _ ~ - V, 33, 4. vresha samatsu dasasya néma it *.
3iv, p. 180; Bollensen, Zeitschrift der D. M.G., vol. xxii, p. 587. h2 cxvi VEDIC HYMNS. mission of an occasional Gagata pada is more in accordance with the habit of the Vedic poets. Thus I should scan: w _- w - w ~v = i] ww _ ~ - V, 33, 4. vresha samatsu dasasya néma it *. V, 41, 5°. rdya eshe svase dadhita dhiz. After what I have said before on the real character of the teaching of the Pratisikhya, I need not show again that the fact of Uva/a’s counting ta of dadhita as the tenth syllable is of no importance in determining the real nature of these hymns, though it is of importance, as Professor Kuhn remarks (Beitrige, vol. iii, p. 451), in showing that Uvaza considered himself at perfect liberty in counting or not counting, for his own purposes, the elided syllable of avase. Ce OO VII, 4,6. mAapsava# pari shadima maduva. §6.u---. Final padas of Trishfubhs ending in uv — — — are very scarce. In VI, 1, 4, bhadrayAm te razayanta samdrishtau, it would be very easy to read bhadray4m te samdrish/au ranayanta; and in X, 74, 2, dyaur na vdrebhif krimavanta svaih, we may either recognise a Gagata pada, or read dyaur na vdrebhi’ krinavanta svaih, which would agree with the metre of hymn X, 77. §7,--u-. Padas ending in — — v — do not occur as final in any Traish¢fubha hymn, but as many GAgata padas occur in the body of Traish¢ubha hymns, we have to scan them as dodecasyllabic : I, 63, 4%. tvam ha tyad indra Rodis sakhd. IV, 26, 6%. pardvatak sakuno mandram madam. The adjective pavaka which frequently occurs at the end of final and internal padas of Trish¢ubh hymns has always ® Professor Kuhn has finally adopted the same scanning, Beitrage, vol. iv, p. 184. PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. CXvii to be scanned pdvaka. Cf. IV, 51,2; VI, 5,2; 10,43 51,33 VII, 3,13 93; 9, 1°; 56,12; X, 46, 7°. I must reserve what I have to say about other metres of the Veda for another opportunity, but I cannot leave Omission of this subject without referring once more to a
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1---- , and class 8, — uu — must be recognised as legimate endings in the hymns of the Veda, and that by recognising them we are relieved from nearly all, if not all, the more violent prosodial licences which Professor Kuhn felt himself obliged to admit in his theory of Vedic metres. §4.vu--. The verses which fall under § 4 are so numerous that after those of the first Mazdala, mentioned above, they need not be given here in full. They are simply cases where the eighth syllable is not lengthened, and they cannot be supposed to run counter to any rule of the Pratisakhya, for the simple reason that the Pratisdkhya never gave such a rule as that the eighth syllable must be lengthened, if the ninth is short. Examples will be found in the final pada of Trishéubhs: II, 30,6; III, 36, 4; 53, 153 54,123; IV, 1,16; 2,73 95113 4,12; 6,13 23 437,73 11,5317, 33 23,6; 24,2; 27,13 28,53 55,53 57,23 Vol, 2; VI,17, 10; 21,8; 23,7; 25,53 29,6; 33,1; 62,1; 63, 7; VII, 21,5; 28,3; 42,43 56,15; 60,10; 84,2; 92,4; VIII, 1, 33; 96,93 1X, 92,5; X, 61,125; 135 74, 35117, 7. In support of § 5. -— ——, the number of cases is smaller, but it should be remembered that it might be considerably increased if I had not restricted myself to the final pada of each Trish¢ubh, while the first, second, and third pddas would have yielded a much larger harvest : I, 89,9. mA no madhyé ririshatdyur ganto/. I, 92, 6. supratika saumanasdy4gigad. I, 114, 53 117,23 122, 1; 122, 8; 186,3; II, 4,2; III, 49, 2; IV, 3,9; 26,6; V, 41,14; VI, 25,2; 66,11; VII, 8, 6; 28, 4; 68, 1; 71, 2; 78, 13 93, 7°; IX, 90, 4; X, 11, 8. [32] h Cxiv VEDIC HYMNS. I do not wish to deny that in several of these lines it would be possible to remove the long syllable from the ninth place by conjectural emendation. Instead of dyur in I, 89, 9, we might read dyu; in I, 92, 6, we might drop the augment of agigar; in II, 4, 2, we might admit synizesis in aratir, and then read gira-asvah, as in I, 141, 12. In VI, 25, 2, after eliding the a of ava, we might read dasiz. But even if, in addition to all this, we were to admit the possible suppression of final m in asmabhyam, mahyam, and in the accusative singular, or the suppression of s in the nominative singular, both of which would be extreme measures, we should still have a number of cases which could not be righted without even more vio- Jent remedies. Why then should we not rather admit the occasional appearance of a metrical variation which certainly has a powerful precedent in the dispondeus of Gayatris? I am not now acquainted with the last results of metrical criticism in Virgil, but, unless some new theories now prevail, I well recollect that spondaic hexameters, though small in number, much smaller than in the Veda, were recognised by the best scholars, and no emendations attempted to remove them. If then in Virgil we read,
2If then in Virgil we read, ‘Cum patribus populoque, penatibusque et magnis dis,’ why not follow the authority of the best MSS. and the tradition of the Pratisikhyas and admit a dispondeus at the end of a Trishtubh rather than suspend, in order to meet this single difficulty, some of the most fundamental rules of prosody? I now proceed to give a more numerous list of Traishtubha padas ending in a choriambus, — v vu -, again confining myself, with few exceptions, to final p4das: §8 -Uvu-. I, 62, 3. sam usriyAbhir vavasanta nara. I, 103, 4. yad dha sQnué sravase nima dadhe. I, 121, 9; 122, 10°; 173, 8; 186, 2; II, 4,33 19,13 33, 14; IV, 1, 19°*; 25, 43 39, 23 V, 30, 123 41, 45 41,155 * ‘Nur eine Stelle habe ich mir angemerkt, wo das Metrum 4am verlangt.’ PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. CXV VI, 4,73 10,53 11,4; 13, 1°; 13,19; 20,1°; 20,19; 29,4; 33> 35 33> 53 44, 11; 49, 12; 68, 5; 68, 7; VII, 19, 10; 62, 4; IX, 97, 26; X, 55, 8; 99,9; 108, 6; 169, 1. It is perfectly true that this sudden change in the rhythm of Trishtubh verses, making their ending iambic instead of trochaic, grates on our ears. But, I believe, that if we admit a short stop after the seventh syllable, the intended rhythm of these verses will become intelligible. We remarked a similar break in the verses of hymn X, 77, where the sudden transition to an iambic metre was used with great effect, and the choriambic ending, though less effective, is by no means offensive. It should be remarked also, that in many, though not in all cases, a czesura takes place after the seventh syllable, and this is, no doubt, a great help towards a better delivery of these choriambic Trish¢ubhs. While, however, I contend for the recognition of these three varieties of the normal Trish¢ubh metre, I am quite willing to admit that other variations besides these, which occur from time to time in the Veda, form a legitimate subject of critical discussion. § 2, vuunr. Trish‘ubh verses, the final pada of which ends in Uv vu -, I should generally prefer to treat as ending in a Gagata pada, in which this ending is more legitimate. Thus I should propose to scan: ee ee eect eee I, 122, 13. prasastaye mahina rathavate. ee =a ea ely ye III, 20, 5. vastin rudrafi Adityah tha huve. ee eee eye te Ce V, 2,1. purak pasyanti nihitam (tam) aratau. v - weve vs -l vwuv = VI, 13, 5. vayo vrtkayaraye gasuraye. § ILu-u-. I should propose the same medela for some final padas of Trishfubhs apparently ending inv — vu —. We might indeed, as has been suggested, treat these verses as single instances of that peculiar metre which we saw carried out in the whole of hymn X, 77, but at the end of a verse the ad- Kuhn, Beitrage, vol. iv, p. 180; Bollensen, Zeitschrift der D. M.G., vol. xxii, p. 587. h2 cxvi VEDIC HYMNS. mission of an occasional Gagata pada is more in accordance with the habit of the Vedic poets. Thus I should scan: w _- w - w ~v = i] ww _ ~ - V, 33, 4. vresha samatsu dasasya néma it *.
3iv, p. 180; Bollensen, Zeitschrift der D. M.G., vol. xxii, p. 587. h2 cxvi VEDIC HYMNS. mission of an occasional Gagata pada is more in accordance with the habit of the Vedic poets. Thus I should scan: w _- w - w ~v = i] ww _ ~ - V, 33, 4. vresha samatsu dasasya néma it *. V, 41, 5°. rdya eshe svase dadhita dhiz. After what I have said before on the real character of the teaching of the Pratisikhya, I need not show again that the fact of Uva/a’s counting ta of dadhita as the tenth syllable is of no importance in determining the real nature of these hymns, though it is of importance, as Professor Kuhn remarks (Beitrige, vol. iii, p. 451), in showing that Uvaza considered himself at perfect liberty in counting or not counting, for his own purposes, the elided syllable of avase. Ce OO VII, 4,6. mAapsava# pari shadima maduva. §6.u---. Final padas of Trishfubhs ending in uv — — — are very scarce. In VI, 1, 4, bhadrayAm te razayanta samdrishtau, it would be very easy to read bhadray4m te samdrish/au ranayanta; and in X, 74, 2, dyaur na vdrebhif krimavanta svaih, we may either recognise a Gagata pada, or read dyaur na vdrebhi’ krinavanta svaih, which would agree with the metre of hymn X, 77. §7,--u-. Padas ending in — — v — do not occur as final in any Traish¢fubha hymn, but as many GAgata padas occur in the body of Traish¢ubha hymns, we have to scan them as dodecasyllabic : I, 63, 4%. tvam ha tyad indra Rodis sakhd. IV, 26, 6%. pardvatak sakuno mandram madam. The adjective pavaka which frequently occurs at the end of final and internal padas of Trish¢ubh hymns has always ® Professor Kuhn has finally adopted the same scanning, Beitrage, vol. iv, p. 184. PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. CXvii to be scanned pdvaka. Cf. IV, 51,2; VI, 5,2; 10,43 51,33 VII, 3,13 93; 9, 1°; 56,12; X, 46, 7°. I must reserve what I have to say about other metres of the Veda for another opportunity, but I cannot leave Omission of this subject without referring once more to a
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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