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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Google This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world’s books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that’s often difficult to discover. Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book’s long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Usage guidelines Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. We also ask that you: + Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for personal, non-commercial purposes. + Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google’s system: If you are conducting research on machine translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help. + Maintain attribution The Google “watermark” you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it. + Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can’t offer guidance on whether any specific use of any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book’s appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe. About Google Book Search Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http: //books.google.com/ foesycg oe Fra THE
2Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http: //books.google.com/ foesycg oe Fra THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST [25] a Zondon HENRY FROWDE OxrorD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE AMEN CorRNER, E.C, THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST TRANSLATED BY VARIOUS ORIENTAL SCHOLARS AND EDITED BY F. MAX MULLER VOL. XXV @rford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1886 [Ad rights reserved } Digitized by Google PLIolo 23 Vi25 THE LAWS OF MAN” TRANSLATED WITH EXTRACTS FROM SEVEN COMMENTARLES BY G. BUHLER @rford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1886 [ AM rights reserved } 226 3G ovs” N%%es i ae CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION. PAGE I. The origin of the Manu-smriti according to the Hindus. —_—xi The Manu-smriti based on a Dharma-siittra of the Mfanavas_. . . . . : . . Xvili II. The M&nava Dh. S. converted into a metrical Smriti by a special school of lawyers . . . . . xiv The Manava Dh. S. chosen for conversion on account of the myths current regarding Manu. . . Wi Old and new parts of the work . . . . Ixvi The sources of the additions made by the editor of. the metrical version’ . - . . . . Ixxiv The position of Bhrigu’s Samhita among the various metrical recensions . . . . . xcii The probable date of Bhrigu’s Samhitd re III. The commentaries of Manu and principles of translation cxviii THE LAWS OF MANU. The Creation . . . . . . . . . I Summary of Contents . . . . . : - 26 Sources of the Law . t . : : : . . 29 Sacraments . : . : - . . . . 33 Initiation . . . . : . . : : . 37 Studentship. . . . : . . . - 43 Householder. : . . : . . . - 4 “Marriage . . . . : . : . : - 95 Vili CONTENTS. Daily Rites Sraddhas . Mode of Subsistence Rules for a Snftaka Veda-Study Rules for a Snataka Lawful and Forbidden Food . Impurity . Purification Duties of Women . Hermits in the Forest Ascetics . The King Civil and Criminal Law :— Titles of . Judicial Procedure Recovery of Debts . Witnesses . Weights of Gold, &c. Recovery of Debts . Deposits . . . Sale without Ownership . Concerns among Partners Subtraction of Gifts Non-payment of Wages . Non-performance of Agreement Rescission of Sale and Purchase Masters and Herdsmen Disputes concerning Boundaries Defamation Assault and Hurt Theft. Violence (Sahasa) Adultery . PAGE 87 97 129 131 143 149 169 177 187 195 199 205 216 253 254 262 277 278 286 289 2gl 292 293 293 294 295 298 301 303 306 314 315 CONTENTS. Miscellaneous Rules Duties of Husband and Wife . Inheritance and Partition Gambling and Betting Miscellaneous Rules Times of Distress :— Mixed Castes . . Occupations and Livelihood Gifts. Sacrifices Necessity of Penances Classification of Crimes . Penances Transmigration Supreme Bliss : . . Doubtful Points of Law Conclusion . . . . . APPENDIX :-— Quotations from Manu in the translated Law-Books Synopsis of Parallel Passages . InpEx . . . . . . Additions and Corrections
3Sacrifices Necessity of Penances Classification of Crimes . Penances Transmigration Supreme Bliss : . . Doubtful Points of Law Conclusion . . . . . APPENDIX :-— Quotations from Manu in the translated Law-Books Synopsis of Parallel Passages . InpEx . . . . . . Additions and Corrections Transliteration of Oriental Alphabets adopted for the Translations of the Sacred Books of the East . PAGE 321 327 345 380 382 40or 41g 430 432 439 44 445 483 502 508 511 515 533 583 613 617 Digitized by Google INTRODUCTION. I. DIFFICULT as the historical problems are which the Dharma-sitras translated in vols. ii and xiv of this Series offer, they are infinitely less complicated than those connected with the metrical law-books and especially with the Manu-smriti, or, to speak more exactly, with Bhrigu’s version of the Institutes of the Sacred Law proclaimed by Manu. Though mostly the materials available for the inquiry into the history of the Dharma-sitras are scanty, and in part at least belong to the floating traditions which are generally current among the learned, but of uncertain origin, they not only exhibit no extravagancies, but agree fully with the facts known from strictly historical sources. Moreover, and this is the most important point, though the text of the Dharma-sitras has not always been preserved with perfect purity, they have evidently retained their original character. They do not pretend to be anything more than the compositions of ordinary mortals, based on the teaching of the Vedas, on the decisions of those who are acquainted with the law, and on the customs of virtuous Aryas. In some cases their authors say as much in plain words. Thus Apastamba repeatedly laments the sinfulness and the weakness of ‘the men of later times,’ and Gautama warns against an imitation of the irregular conduct of the ancients whose great ‘lustre’ preserved them from falling. It is, further, still possible to recognise, even on a superficial examination, for what purpose the Dharmasitras were originally composed. Nobody can doubt for a moment that they are manuals written by the teachers of the Vedic schools for the guidance of their pupils, that at first they were held to be authoritative in restricted circles, and that they were later only acknowledged as sources of xii LAWS OF MANU. the sacred law applicable to all Aryas. This fact is fully acknowledged by the Hindu tradition, even in cases where the Dharma-sitras no longer are the property of particular Vedic schools.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Google This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world’s books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that’s often difficult to discover. Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book’s long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Usage guidelines Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. We also ask that you: + Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for personal, non-commercial purposes. + Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google’s system: If you are conducting research on machine translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help. + Maintain attribution The Google “watermark” you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it. + Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can’t offer guidance on whether any specific use of any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book’s appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe. About Google Book Search Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http: //books.google.com/ foesycg oe Fra THE
2Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http: //books.google.com/ foesycg oe Fra THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST [25] a Zondon HENRY FROWDE OxrorD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE AMEN CorRNER, E.C, THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST TRANSLATED BY VARIOUS ORIENTAL SCHOLARS AND EDITED BY F. MAX MULLER VOL. XXV @rford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1886 [Ad rights reserved } Digitized by Google PLIolo 23 Vi25 THE LAWS OF MAN” TRANSLATED WITH EXTRACTS FROM SEVEN COMMENTARLES BY G. BUHLER @rford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1886 [ AM rights reserved } 226 3G ovs” N%%es i ae CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION. PAGE I. The origin of the Manu-smriti according to the Hindus. —_—xi The Manu-smriti based on a Dharma-siittra of the Mfanavas_. . . . . : . . Xvili II. The M&nava Dh. S. converted into a metrical Smriti by a special school of lawyers . . . . . xiv The Manava Dh. S. chosen for conversion on account of the myths current regarding Manu. . . Wi Old and new parts of the work . . . . Ixvi The sources of the additions made by the editor of. the metrical version’ . - . . . . Ixxiv The position of Bhrigu’s Samhita among the various metrical recensions . . . . . xcii The probable date of Bhrigu’s Samhitd re III. The commentaries of Manu and principles of translation cxviii THE LAWS OF MANU. The Creation . . . . . . . . . I Summary of Contents . . . . . : - 26 Sources of the Law . t . : : : . . 29 Sacraments . : . : - . . . . 33 Initiation . . . . : . . : : . 37 Studentship. . . . : . . . - 43 Householder. : . . : . . . - 4 “Marriage . . . . : . : . : - 95 Vili CONTENTS. Daily Rites Sraddhas . Mode of Subsistence Rules for a Snftaka Veda-Study Rules for a Snataka Lawful and Forbidden Food . Impurity . Purification Duties of Women . Hermits in the Forest Ascetics . The King Civil and Criminal Law :— Titles of . Judicial Procedure Recovery of Debts . Witnesses . Weights of Gold, &c. Recovery of Debts . Deposits . . . Sale without Ownership . Concerns among Partners Subtraction of Gifts Non-payment of Wages . Non-performance of Agreement Rescission of Sale and Purchase Masters and Herdsmen Disputes concerning Boundaries Defamation Assault and Hurt Theft. Violence (Sahasa) Adultery . PAGE 87 97 129 131 143 149 169 177 187 195 199 205 216 253 254 262 277 278 286 289 2gl 292 293 293 294 295 298 301 303 306 314 315 CONTENTS. Miscellaneous Rules Duties of Husband and Wife . Inheritance and Partition Gambling and Betting Miscellaneous Rules Times of Distress :— Mixed Castes . . Occupations and Livelihood Gifts. Sacrifices Necessity of Penances Classification of Crimes . Penances Transmigration Supreme Bliss : . . Doubtful Points of Law Conclusion . . . . . APPENDIX :-— Quotations from Manu in the translated Law-Books Synopsis of Parallel Passages . InpEx . . . . . . Additions and Corrections
3Sacrifices Necessity of Penances Classification of Crimes . Penances Transmigration Supreme Bliss : . . Doubtful Points of Law Conclusion . . . . . APPENDIX :-— Quotations from Manu in the translated Law-Books Synopsis of Parallel Passages . InpEx . . . . . . Additions and Corrections Transliteration of Oriental Alphabets adopted for the Translations of the Sacred Books of the East . PAGE 321 327 345 380 382 40or 41g 430 432 439 44 445 483 502 508 511 515 533 583 613 617 Digitized by Google INTRODUCTION. I. DIFFICULT as the historical problems are which the Dharma-sitras translated in vols. ii and xiv of this Series offer, they are infinitely less complicated than those connected with the metrical law-books and especially with the Manu-smriti, or, to speak more exactly, with Bhrigu’s version of the Institutes of the Sacred Law proclaimed by Manu. Though mostly the materials available for the inquiry into the history of the Dharma-sitras are scanty, and in part at least belong to the floating traditions which are generally current among the learned, but of uncertain origin, they not only exhibit no extravagancies, but agree fully with the facts known from strictly historical sources. Moreover, and this is the most important point, though the text of the Dharma-sitras has not always been preserved with perfect purity, they have evidently retained their original character. They do not pretend to be anything more than the compositions of ordinary mortals, based on the teaching of the Vedas, on the decisions of those who are acquainted with the law, and on the customs of virtuous Aryas. In some cases their authors say as much in plain words. Thus Apastamba repeatedly laments the sinfulness and the weakness of ‘the men of later times,’ and Gautama warns against an imitation of the irregular conduct of the ancients whose great ‘lustre’ preserved them from falling. It is, further, still possible to recognise, even on a superficial examination, for what purpose the Dharmasitras were originally composed. Nobody can doubt for a moment that they are manuals written by the teachers of the Vedic schools for the guidance of their pupils, that at first they were held to be authoritative in restricted circles, and that they were later only acknowledged as sources of xii LAWS OF MANU. the sacred law applicable to all Aryas. This fact is fully acknowledged by the Hindu tradition, even in cases where the Dharma-sitras no longer are the property of particular Vedic schools.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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