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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1VIII, 365. ADULTERY. 317 361. Let no man converse with the wives of others after he has been forbidden (to do so); but he who converses (with them), in spite of a prohibition, shall be fined one suvarza. 362. This rule does not apply to the wives of actors and singers, nor (of) those who live on (the intrigues of) their own (wives); for such men send their wives (to others) or, concealing themselves, allow them to hold criminal intercourse. 363. Yet he who secretly converses with such women, or with female slaves kept by one (master), and with female ascetics, shall be compelled to pay a small fine. 364. He who violates an unwilling maiden shall instantly suffer corporal punishment ; but a man who enjoys a willing maiden shall not suffer corporal punishment, if (his caste be) the same (as hers). 365. From a maiden who makes advances to a (man of) high (caste), he shall not take any fine; but her, who courts a (man of) low (caste), let him force to live confined in her house. 361. Yagh. II, 285. 362. Baudh. II, 4, 3. I translate A4rana according to the commentators by ‘actors and singers,’ but it may also be the name of a caste which is well known in Western India. 363. ‘Female ascetics,’ i.e. ‘Rakshak4s (?), Silamitr4s (?), and so forth’ (Medh.), or ‘ Buddhist nuns’ (Gov., Kull., Ragh.). Nér. says ‘female mendicants.’ It deserves to be noted that according to a passage attributed by Gov. and N4r. to Baudh4yana, but not found in our text, ‘some’ permitted even orthodox females to become ascetics. Female ascetics were probably in ancient India as common as they are now, and were considered equally disreputable. 364-368. YAgv. II, 288. 365. ‘From a maiden,’ i.e. ‘from her relatives or guardians’ (Medh.). According to Kull. and Nar. the girl is to be fettered, according to Medh. to be guarded by her relatives. The confinement is to last until she is cured of her attachment. 318 LAWS OF MANU. VIII, 366. 366. A (man of) low (caste) who makes love to a maiden (of) the highest (caste) shall suffer corporal punishment; he who addresses a maiden (of) equal (caste) shall pay the nuptial fee, if her father desires it. 367. But if any man through insolence forcibly contaminates a maiden, two of his fingers shall be instantly cut off, and he shall pay a fine of six hundred (pavas). 368. A man (of) equal (caste) who defiles a willing maiden shall not suffer the amputation of his fingers, but shall pay a fine of two hundred (pazas) in order to deter him from a repetition (of the offence). 369. A damsel who pollutes (another) damsel must be fined two hundred (pazas), pay the double of her (nuptial) fee, and receive ten (lashes with a) rod. 370. But a woman who pollutes a damsel shall instantly have (her head) shaved or two fingers cut off, and be made to ride (through the town) on a donkey. 371. If a wife, proud of the greatness of her relatives or (her own) excellence, violates the duty which she owes to her lord, the king shall cause
2But a woman who pollutes a damsel shall instantly have (her head) shaved or two fingers cut off, and be made to ride (through the town) on a donkey. 371. If a wife, proud of the greatness of her relatives or (her own) excellence, violates the duty which she owes to her lord, the king shall cause 366. The meaning of the second clause is that if the father wishes it, the offender is to marry the girl, after paying the nuptial fee (Kull., N&ar.). If the father does not wish to receive the fee, the offender is to pay an equal sum as a fine to the king (Medh., Gov., Ragh.). 370. According to Medh. and Nar. the verse prescribes three different punishments, and a Brahmasf offender is to be shaved, a Kshatriy& to be led through the streets on a donkey, while women of other castes are to lose two fingers. According to Gov., Kull. and Ragh. the punishment is to be regulated by the circumstances, 371-372. Gaut. XXIII, 14-15; Vi. V, 18, VIII, 377. ADULTERY. 319 her to be devoured by dogs in a place frequented by many. 372. Let him cause the male offender to be burnt on a red-hot iron bed; they shall put logs under it, (until) the sinner is burned (to death). 373. On a man (once) convicted, who is (again) accused within a year, a double fine (must be inflicted); even thus (must the fine be doubled) for (repeated) intercourse with a Vraty4 and a KamdAlt. 374. A Sfdra who has intercourse with a woman of a twice-born caste (varva), guarded or unguarded, (shall be punished in the following manner): if she was unguarded, he loses the part (offending) and all his property; if she was guarded, everything (even his life). 375. (For intercourse with a guarded Brahmas) a Vaisya shall forfeit all his property after imprisonment for a year; a Kshatriya shall be fined one thousand (pazas) and be shaved with the urine (of an ass). 376. If a Vaisya or a Kshatriya has connexion with an unguarded Bréhmamt, let him fine the Vaisya five hundred (pazas) and the Kshatriya one thousand. 377. But even these two, if they offend with a 373. ‘A Vraty4,’ ie. ‘the wife of an Aryan who has not been initiated’ (Gov., Kull., Ragh.) ; see above, II, 39; or ‘one not married in proper time’ (N4r. and Medh.), which latter attempts also another explanation, ‘a public woman’ or ‘one common to several men.’ The fine | intended is two thousand panas (Gov., Kull., Ragh.). 374. Ap. II, 26, 20; 27,9; Gaut. XII, 2-3; Vas. XXI, 5, 5; Baudh. II, 3, 52; YAg#. II, 286, 294. ‘Guarded,’ i.e. ‘by her husband or relatives’ (Medh., Kull., Ragh.). 377. Ap. II, 26, 20; Vas, XXI, 2-3; Y4gv%. II, 286. ‘Like a Sfidra,’ see verse 374. 320 LAWS OF MANU. VIII, 378. Brahmamt (not only) guarded (but the wife of an eminent man), shall be punished like a Siddra or be burnt in a fire of dry grass. 378. A Bréhmaza who carnally knows a guarded Braéhmamt against her will, shall be fined one thousand (pazas); but he shall be made to pay five hundred, if he had connexion with a willing one.
3378. A Bréhmaza who carnally knows a guarded Braéhmamt against her will, shall be fined one thousand (pazas); but he shall be made to pay five hundred, if he had connexion with a willing one. 379. Tonsure (of the head) is ordained for a Brahmaza (instead of) capital punishment ; but (men ‘ of) other castes shall suffer capital punishment. 380. Let him never slay a Brahmaaa, though he have committed all (possible) crimes ; let him banish such an (offender), leaving all his property (to him) and (his body) unhurt. ' 381. No greater crime is known on earth than slaying a Brahmaza; a king, therefore, must not even conceive in his mind the thought of killing a Brahmaza. . 382. If a Vaisya approaches a guarded female of the Kshatriya caste, or a Kshatriya a (guarded) Vaisya woman, they both deserve the same punishment as in the case of an unguarded Braéhmama female. 383. A Brahmaza shall be compelled to pay a fine of one thousand (pazas) if he has intercourse with guarded (females of) those two (castes); for (offending with) a (guarded) Sddra female a fine of one thousand (pazas shall be inflicted) on a Kshatriya or a Vaisya. 384. For (intercourse with) an unguarded Kshatriy4 a fine of five hundred (pazas shall fall) on a 382. According to the commentators the rule of verse 376 applies. VIII, 390. MISCELLANEOUS RULES. 321 Vaisya; but (for the same offence) a Kshatriya shall be shaved with the urine (of a donkey) or (pay) the same fine. 385. A Braéhmaza who approaches unguarded females (of the) Kshatriya or Vaisya (castes), or a Sidra female, shall be fined five hundred (pazas) ; but (for intercourse with) a female (of the) lowest (castes), one thousand. 386. That king in whose town lives no thief, no adulterer, no defamer, no man guilty of violence, and no committer of assaults, attains the world of Sakra (Indra). 387. The suppression of those five in his dominions secures to a king paramount sovereignty among his peers and fame in the world. 388. A sacrificer who forsakes an officiating priest, and an officiating priest who forsakes a sacrificer, (each being) able to perform his work and not contaminated (by grievous crimes), must each be fined one hundred (pamzas). 389. Neither a mother, nor a father, nor a wife, nor a son shall be cast off; he who casts them off, unless guilty of a crime causing loss of caste, shall be fined by the king six hundred (pavas). 390. If twice-born men dispute among each other ' 385. ‘A female of the lowest castes,’ i.e. ‘a Kandali’ (Gov., Kull, Ragh.), or ‘belonging to the castes of washermen, leather-workers, actors, basket-makers, fishermen, Medas, or Bhillas’ (N4r.). 386. Vi. V, 196. 388. ‘An officiating priest,’ i.e.‘one who has sacrificed for his family since many generations’ (Gov., Nar.). 389. Vi. V,163; Yagn. II, 237. ‘Shall not be cast off,’ i.e. ‘shall not be refused maintenance or the due respect’ (Medh., Gov., Kull.)
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1VIII, 365. ADULTERY. 317 361. Let no man converse with the wives of others after he has been forbidden (to do so); but he who converses (with them), in spite of a prohibition, shall be fined one suvarza. 362. This rule does not apply to the wives of actors and singers, nor (of) those who live on (the intrigues of) their own (wives); for such men send their wives (to others) or, concealing themselves, allow them to hold criminal intercourse. 363. Yet he who secretly converses with such women, or with female slaves kept by one (master), and with female ascetics, shall be compelled to pay a small fine. 364. He who violates an unwilling maiden shall instantly suffer corporal punishment ; but a man who enjoys a willing maiden shall not suffer corporal punishment, if (his caste be) the same (as hers). 365. From a maiden who makes advances to a (man of) high (caste), he shall not take any fine; but her, who courts a (man of) low (caste), let him force to live confined in her house. 361. Yagh. II, 285. 362. Baudh. II, 4, 3. I translate A4rana according to the commentators by ‘actors and singers,’ but it may also be the name of a caste which is well known in Western India. 363. ‘Female ascetics,’ i.e. ‘Rakshak4s (?), Silamitr4s (?), and so forth’ (Medh.), or ‘ Buddhist nuns’ (Gov., Kull., Ragh.). Nér. says ‘female mendicants.’ It deserves to be noted that according to a passage attributed by Gov. and N4r. to Baudh4yana, but not found in our text, ‘some’ permitted even orthodox females to become ascetics. Female ascetics were probably in ancient India as common as they are now, and were considered equally disreputable. 364-368. YAgv. II, 288. 365. ‘From a maiden,’ i.e. ‘from her relatives or guardians’ (Medh.). According to Kull. and Nar. the girl is to be fettered, according to Medh. to be guarded by her relatives. The confinement is to last until she is cured of her attachment. 318 LAWS OF MANU. VIII, 366. 366. A (man of) low (caste) who makes love to a maiden (of) the highest (caste) shall suffer corporal punishment; he who addresses a maiden (of) equal (caste) shall pay the nuptial fee, if her father desires it. 367. But if any man through insolence forcibly contaminates a maiden, two of his fingers shall be instantly cut off, and he shall pay a fine of six hundred (pavas). 368. A man (of) equal (caste) who defiles a willing maiden shall not suffer the amputation of his fingers, but shall pay a fine of two hundred (pazas) in order to deter him from a repetition (of the offence). 369. A damsel who pollutes (another) damsel must be fined two hundred (pazas), pay the double of her (nuptial) fee, and receive ten (lashes with a) rod. 370. But a woman who pollutes a damsel shall instantly have (her head) shaved or two fingers cut off, and be made to ride (through the town) on a donkey. 371. If a wife, proud of the greatness of her relatives or (her own) excellence, violates the duty which she owes to her lord, the king shall cause
2But a woman who pollutes a damsel shall instantly have (her head) shaved or two fingers cut off, and be made to ride (through the town) on a donkey. 371. If a wife, proud of the greatness of her relatives or (her own) excellence, violates the duty which she owes to her lord, the king shall cause 366. The meaning of the second clause is that if the father wishes it, the offender is to marry the girl, after paying the nuptial fee (Kull., N&ar.). If the father does not wish to receive the fee, the offender is to pay an equal sum as a fine to the king (Medh., Gov., Ragh.). 370. According to Medh. and Nar. the verse prescribes three different punishments, and a Brahmasf offender is to be shaved, a Kshatriy& to be led through the streets on a donkey, while women of other castes are to lose two fingers. According to Gov., Kull. and Ragh. the punishment is to be regulated by the circumstances, 371-372. Gaut. XXIII, 14-15; Vi. V, 18, VIII, 377. ADULTERY. 319 her to be devoured by dogs in a place frequented by many. 372. Let him cause the male offender to be burnt on a red-hot iron bed; they shall put logs under it, (until) the sinner is burned (to death). 373. On a man (once) convicted, who is (again) accused within a year, a double fine (must be inflicted); even thus (must the fine be doubled) for (repeated) intercourse with a Vraty4 and a KamdAlt. 374. A Sfdra who has intercourse with a woman of a twice-born caste (varva), guarded or unguarded, (shall be punished in the following manner): if she was unguarded, he loses the part (offending) and all his property; if she was guarded, everything (even his life). 375. (For intercourse with a guarded Brahmas) a Vaisya shall forfeit all his property after imprisonment for a year; a Kshatriya shall be fined one thousand (pazas) and be shaved with the urine (of an ass). 376. If a Vaisya or a Kshatriya has connexion with an unguarded Bréhmamt, let him fine the Vaisya five hundred (pazas) and the Kshatriya one thousand. 377. But even these two, if they offend with a 373. ‘A Vraty4,’ ie. ‘the wife of an Aryan who has not been initiated’ (Gov., Kull., Ragh.) ; see above, II, 39; or ‘one not married in proper time’ (N4r. and Medh.), which latter attempts also another explanation, ‘a public woman’ or ‘one common to several men.’ The fine | intended is two thousand panas (Gov., Kull., Ragh.). 374. Ap. II, 26, 20; 27,9; Gaut. XII, 2-3; Vas. XXI, 5, 5; Baudh. II, 3, 52; YAg#. II, 286, 294. ‘Guarded,’ i.e. ‘by her husband or relatives’ (Medh., Kull., Ragh.). 377. Ap. II, 26, 20; Vas, XXI, 2-3; Y4gv%. II, 286. ‘Like a Sfidra,’ see verse 374. 320 LAWS OF MANU. VIII, 378. Brahmamt (not only) guarded (but the wife of an eminent man), shall be punished like a Siddra or be burnt in a fire of dry grass. 378. A Bréhmaza who carnally knows a guarded Braéhmamt against her will, shall be fined one thousand (pazas); but he shall be made to pay five hundred, if he had connexion with a willing one.
3378. A Bréhmaza who carnally knows a guarded Braéhmamt against her will, shall be fined one thousand (pazas); but he shall be made to pay five hundred, if he had connexion with a willing one. 379. Tonsure (of the head) is ordained for a Brahmaza (instead of) capital punishment ; but (men ‘ of) other castes shall suffer capital punishment. 380. Let him never slay a Brahmaaa, though he have committed all (possible) crimes ; let him banish such an (offender), leaving all his property (to him) and (his body) unhurt. ' 381. No greater crime is known on earth than slaying a Brahmaza; a king, therefore, must not even conceive in his mind the thought of killing a Brahmaza. . 382. If a Vaisya approaches a guarded female of the Kshatriya caste, or a Kshatriya a (guarded) Vaisya woman, they both deserve the same punishment as in the case of an unguarded Braéhmama female. 383. A Brahmaza shall be compelled to pay a fine of one thousand (pazas) if he has intercourse with guarded (females of) those two (castes); for (offending with) a (guarded) Sddra female a fine of one thousand (pazas shall be inflicted) on a Kshatriya or a Vaisya. 384. For (intercourse with) an unguarded Kshatriy4 a fine of five hundred (pazas shall fall) on a 382. According to the commentators the rule of verse 376 applies. VIII, 390. MISCELLANEOUS RULES. 321 Vaisya; but (for the same offence) a Kshatriya shall be shaved with the urine (of a donkey) or (pay) the same fine. 385. A Braéhmaza who approaches unguarded females (of the) Kshatriya or Vaisya (castes), or a Sidra female, shall be fined five hundred (pazas) ; but (for intercourse with) a female (of the) lowest (castes), one thousand. 386. That king in whose town lives no thief, no adulterer, no defamer, no man guilty of violence, and no committer of assaults, attains the world of Sakra (Indra). 387. The suppression of those five in his dominions secures to a king paramount sovereignty among his peers and fame in the world. 388. A sacrificer who forsakes an officiating priest, and an officiating priest who forsakes a sacrificer, (each being) able to perform his work and not contaminated (by grievous crimes), must each be fined one hundred (pamzas). 389. Neither a mother, nor a father, nor a wife, nor a son shall be cast off; he who casts them off, unless guilty of a crime causing loss of caste, shall be fined by the king six hundred (pavas). 390. If twice-born men dispute among each other ' 385. ‘A female of the lowest castes,’ i.e. ‘a Kandali’ (Gov., Kull, Ragh.), or ‘belonging to the castes of washermen, leather-workers, actors, basket-makers, fishermen, Medas, or Bhillas’ (N4r.). 386. Vi. V, 196. 388. ‘An officiating priest,’ i.e.‘one who has sacrificed for his family since many generations’ (Gov., Nar.). 389. Vi. V,163; Yagn. II, 237. ‘Shall not be cast off,’ i.e. ‘shall not be refused maintenance or the due respect’ (Medh., Gov., Kull.)
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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