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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1110. During the two (following) months he shall eat a small (quantity of food) without any factitious salt at every fourth meal-time, and shall bathe in the urine of cows, keeping his organs under control. 111. During the day he shall follow the cows and, standing upright, inhale the dust (raised by their hoofs); at night, after serving and worshipping them, he shall remain in the (posture, called) virasana. 112. Controlling himself and free from anger, he must stand when they stand, follow them when they walk, and seat himself when they lie down. 113. (When a cow is) sick, or is threatened by danger from thieves, tigers, and the like, or falls, or sticks in a morass, he must relieve her by all possible means : 114. In heat, in rain, or in cold, or when the wind blows violently, he must not seek to shelter himself, without (first) sheltering the cows according to his ability. 115. Let him not say (a word), if a cow eats (anything) in his own or another’s house or field or on the threshing-floor, or if a calf drinks (milk). 116. The slayer of a cow who serves cows in this sins,’ in the sense of ‘those equal to mortal sinners,’ i.e. those offenders who have been enumerated above, verse 56 seq. 109-117. Ap. I, 26, 1; Gaut. XXII, 18; Vi. L, 16-24 ; Yag%. III, 263-264. 111. ‘In the (posture, called) virasana,’ i.e. ‘seated without leaning against a wall or the like’ (Kull., Nand.). 454 LAWS OF MANU. XI, 117. manner, removes after three months the guilt which he incurred by killing a cow. 117. But after he has fully performed the penance, he must give to (Brahmamas) learned in the Veda ten cows and a bull, (or) if he does not possess (so much property) he must offer to them all he has. 118. Twice-born men who have committed (other) minor offences (Upapitaka), except a student who has broken his vow (Avakirzin), may perform, in order to purify themselves, the same penance or also a lunar penance. 119. But a student who has broken his vow shall offer at night on a crossway to Nirvzti a one-eyed ass, according to the rule of the Pakayag#ias. 120. Having offered according to the rule oblations in the fire, he shall finally offer (four) oblations of clarified butter to Vata, to Indra, to the teacher (of the gods, Brzhaspati) and to Agni, reciting the 4ttk verse ‘May the Maruts grant me,’ &c. 121. Those who know the Veda declare that a voluntary effusion of semen by a twice-born (youth) who fulfils the vow (of studentship constitutes) a breach of that vow. 122, The divine light which the Veda imparts to 117. Yagi. III, 265. 118-124. Ap. I, 26, 8; Gaut. XXV, 1-4; Vas. XXIII, 1-4; Baudh. II, 1, 30-35; Vi. XXVIII, 49-50; YAgn. III, 280. 118, According to N&r. and Nand., the lunar penance is to be | performed if the offence was committed unintentionally. 119. ‘According to the tule of the Pakayagfias,’ i. e. ‘according to the Pasukalpa, found in Asvalayana’ s and other Grzhya Sfitras,’ Asv. Gri. Satras I, 11 (Nar.).
2III, 280. 118, According to N&r. and Nand., the lunar penance is to be | performed if the offence was committed unintentionally. 119. ‘According to the tule of the Pakayagfias,’ i. e. ‘according to the Pasukalpa, found in Asvalayana’ s and other Grzhya Sfitras,’ Asv. Gri. Satras I, 11 (Nar.). 120. The verse is found Taittirtya Arazyaka II, 18, 4. 122. I read with Medh., Gov., and K., maruta4, instead of marutam (Nand., editions). XY, 12”. PENANCES FOR MINOR OFFENCES. 455 the student, enters, if he breaks his vow, the Maruts, Puruhdta (Indra), the teacher (of the gods, Brzhaspati) and Pavaka (Fire). 123. When this sin has been committed, he shall go begging to seven houses, dressed in the hide of the (sacrificed) ass, proclaiming his deed. 124. Subsisting on a single (daily meal that consists) of the alms obtained there and bathing at (the time of) the three savanas (morning, noon, and evening), he becomes pure after (the lapse of) one year. 125. For committing with intent any of the deeds which cause loss of caste (G4tibhramsakara), (the offender) shall perform a Samtapana Krzkéhra ; (for doing it) unintentionally, (the K7zéé/ra) revealed by Pragdpati. 126. As atonement for deeds which degrade to a mixed caste (Samkara), and for those which make a man unworthy to receive gifts (Apatra), (he shall perform) the lunar (penance) during a month; for (acts) which render impure (Malintkaramtya) he shall scald himself during three days with (hot) barleygruel. 127. One-fourth (of the penance) for the murder of a Braéhmama is prescribed (as expiation) for (intentionally) killing a Kshatriya, one-eighth for 125. Regarding the offences called Gatibhramsakara, see above, verse 68. The Samtapana Krrkkhra is described below, verse 213. 126. Regarding the three classes of offences, see above, 69-71. The penance of subsisting on barley-gruel is described Vi. XLVIII; Baudh. III, 6. 127-131. Ap. I, 24, 1-4; Gaut. XXII, 14-16 ; Vas. XX, 31-33; Baudh. I, 19, 1-2; II, 8-10; Vi. L, 12-14; Yagi. III, 266-267. 127. The word ‘virtuous’ is, according to the commentators, to be understood with ‘a Kshatriya’ and ‘a Vaisya,’ and the rule 456 LAWS OF MANU. XI, 128. killing a Vaisya; know that it is one-sixteenth for killing a virtuous Sfdra. 128. But if a Brahmava unintentionally kills a Kshatriya, he shall give, in order to purify himself, one thousand cows and a bull; 129. Or he may perform the penance prescribed for the murderer of a Brahmaza during three years, controlling himself, wearing his hair in braids, staying far away from the village, and dwelling at the root of a tree. 130. A Brahmaza who has slain a virtuous Vaisya, shall perform the same penance during one year, or he may give one hundred cows and one (bull).
3130. A Brahmaza who has slain a virtuous Vaisya, shall perform the same penance during one year, or he may give one hundred cows and one (bull). (verse 66), according to which the murder of a Sfdra, a Vaisya, and a Kshatriya is an Upapataka, to be expiated by a three months’ Govrata or a lunar penance, refers to the cases of persons who do not live in accordance with the sacred law. 128. I read with Medh., Gov., Kull. (commentary), Nand., K., suddhyartham 4tmanad, instead of suéaritavratad (editions), which latter reading is evidently wrong. 129. According to Medh. and R&gh., this verse is merely a repetition of the rule given in verse 127. But others, mentioned by him, Gov., Kull., and Nar., think that the special observances prescribed during the twelve years’ penance, e.g. carrying a skull instead of a flag, which this verse does not expressly mention, need not be kept. Nand. reads dvyabdam, ‘two years,’ instead of tryabdam. 130. I read with Gov., Kull., Nar., Ragh., Nand., and K. dadyad vaikasatam, instead of dady4#éaikasatam (Medh., editions, and probably mentioned by N4r.). According to Gov. and Kull. the two penances are to be performed optionally, in case a virtuous Vaisya has been killed unintentionally. RAgh. seems to hold the same opinion. But Medh. says that the first penance is to be performed for the murder of a Vaisya who was less distinguished than the one referred to in verse 127. N4r. finally thinks that the verse refers to a Vaisya engaged in the performance of a sacrifice, and that the XI, 134. PENANCES FOR MINOR OFFENCES. 457 131. He who has slain a Sédra, shall perform that whole penance during six months, or he may also give ten white cows and one bull to a Brdahmaza. 132. Having killed a cat, an ichneumon, a blue jay, a frog, a dog, an iguana, an owl, or a crow, he shall perform the penance for the murder of a Sddra ; 133. Or he may drink milk during three days, or walk one hundred yoganas, or bathe in a river, or mutter the hymn addressed to the Waters. 134. For killing a snake, a Bréhmamza shall give a spade of black iron, for a eunuch a load of straw and a mAdsha of lead; particle va,‘or,’ takes the place of the copula, and thus one penance only is prescribed. 131. Gov. and Kull. hold that these penances, too, are to be performed in the case of an unintentional homicide. Medh. explains sitaA, ‘white,’ to mean ‘not white in colour, but (called so) because they resemble in purity (white substances), and give much milk and are accompanied by their calves.’
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1110. During the two (following) months he shall eat a small (quantity of food) without any factitious salt at every fourth meal-time, and shall bathe in the urine of cows, keeping his organs under control. 111. During the day he shall follow the cows and, standing upright, inhale the dust (raised by their hoofs); at night, after serving and worshipping them, he shall remain in the (posture, called) virasana. 112. Controlling himself and free from anger, he must stand when they stand, follow them when they walk, and seat himself when they lie down. 113. (When a cow is) sick, or is threatened by danger from thieves, tigers, and the like, or falls, or sticks in a morass, he must relieve her by all possible means : 114. In heat, in rain, or in cold, or when the wind blows violently, he must not seek to shelter himself, without (first) sheltering the cows according to his ability. 115. Let him not say (a word), if a cow eats (anything) in his own or another’s house or field or on the threshing-floor, or if a calf drinks (milk). 116. The slayer of a cow who serves cows in this sins,’ in the sense of ‘those equal to mortal sinners,’ i.e. those offenders who have been enumerated above, verse 56 seq. 109-117. Ap. I, 26, 1; Gaut. XXII, 18; Vi. L, 16-24 ; Yag%. III, 263-264. 111. ‘In the (posture, called) virasana,’ i.e. ‘seated without leaning against a wall or the like’ (Kull., Nand.). 454 LAWS OF MANU. XI, 117. manner, removes after three months the guilt which he incurred by killing a cow. 117. But after he has fully performed the penance, he must give to (Brahmamas) learned in the Veda ten cows and a bull, (or) if he does not possess (so much property) he must offer to them all he has. 118. Twice-born men who have committed (other) minor offences (Upapitaka), except a student who has broken his vow (Avakirzin), may perform, in order to purify themselves, the same penance or also a lunar penance. 119. But a student who has broken his vow shall offer at night on a crossway to Nirvzti a one-eyed ass, according to the rule of the Pakayag#ias. 120. Having offered according to the rule oblations in the fire, he shall finally offer (four) oblations of clarified butter to Vata, to Indra, to the teacher (of the gods, Brzhaspati) and to Agni, reciting the 4ttk verse ‘May the Maruts grant me,’ &c. 121. Those who know the Veda declare that a voluntary effusion of semen by a twice-born (youth) who fulfils the vow (of studentship constitutes) a breach of that vow. 122, The divine light which the Veda imparts to 117. Yagi. III, 265. 118-124. Ap. I, 26, 8; Gaut. XXV, 1-4; Vas. XXIII, 1-4; Baudh. II, 1, 30-35; Vi. XXVIII, 49-50; YAgn. III, 280. 118, According to N&r. and Nand., the lunar penance is to be | performed if the offence was committed unintentionally. 119. ‘According to the tule of the Pakayagfias,’ i. e. ‘according to the Pasukalpa, found in Asvalayana’ s and other Grzhya Sfitras,’ Asv. Gri. Satras I, 11 (Nar.).
2III, 280. 118, According to N&r. and Nand., the lunar penance is to be | performed if the offence was committed unintentionally. 119. ‘According to the tule of the Pakayagfias,’ i. e. ‘according to the Pasukalpa, found in Asvalayana’ s and other Grzhya Sfitras,’ Asv. Gri. Satras I, 11 (Nar.). 120. The verse is found Taittirtya Arazyaka II, 18, 4. 122. I read with Medh., Gov., and K., maruta4, instead of marutam (Nand., editions). XY, 12”. PENANCES FOR MINOR OFFENCES. 455 the student, enters, if he breaks his vow, the Maruts, Puruhdta (Indra), the teacher (of the gods, Brzhaspati) and Pavaka (Fire). 123. When this sin has been committed, he shall go begging to seven houses, dressed in the hide of the (sacrificed) ass, proclaiming his deed. 124. Subsisting on a single (daily meal that consists) of the alms obtained there and bathing at (the time of) the three savanas (morning, noon, and evening), he becomes pure after (the lapse of) one year. 125. For committing with intent any of the deeds which cause loss of caste (G4tibhramsakara), (the offender) shall perform a Samtapana Krzkéhra ; (for doing it) unintentionally, (the K7zéé/ra) revealed by Pragdpati. 126. As atonement for deeds which degrade to a mixed caste (Samkara), and for those which make a man unworthy to receive gifts (Apatra), (he shall perform) the lunar (penance) during a month; for (acts) which render impure (Malintkaramtya) he shall scald himself during three days with (hot) barleygruel. 127. One-fourth (of the penance) for the murder of a Braéhmama is prescribed (as expiation) for (intentionally) killing a Kshatriya, one-eighth for 125. Regarding the offences called Gatibhramsakara, see above, verse 68. The Samtapana Krrkkhra is described below, verse 213. 126. Regarding the three classes of offences, see above, 69-71. The penance of subsisting on barley-gruel is described Vi. XLVIII; Baudh. III, 6. 127-131. Ap. I, 24, 1-4; Gaut. XXII, 14-16 ; Vas. XX, 31-33; Baudh. I, 19, 1-2; II, 8-10; Vi. L, 12-14; Yagi. III, 266-267. 127. The word ‘virtuous’ is, according to the commentators, to be understood with ‘a Kshatriya’ and ‘a Vaisya,’ and the rule 456 LAWS OF MANU. XI, 128. killing a Vaisya; know that it is one-sixteenth for killing a virtuous Sfdra. 128. But if a Brahmava unintentionally kills a Kshatriya, he shall give, in order to purify himself, one thousand cows and a bull; 129. Or he may perform the penance prescribed for the murderer of a Brahmaza during three years, controlling himself, wearing his hair in braids, staying far away from the village, and dwelling at the root of a tree. 130. A Brahmaza who has slain a virtuous Vaisya, shall perform the same penance during one year, or he may give one hundred cows and one (bull).
3130. A Brahmaza who has slain a virtuous Vaisya, shall perform the same penance during one year, or he may give one hundred cows and one (bull). (verse 66), according to which the murder of a Sfdra, a Vaisya, and a Kshatriya is an Upapataka, to be expiated by a three months’ Govrata or a lunar penance, refers to the cases of persons who do not live in accordance with the sacred law. 128. I read with Medh., Gov., Kull. (commentary), Nand., K., suddhyartham 4tmanad, instead of suéaritavratad (editions), which latter reading is evidently wrong. 129. According to Medh. and R&gh., this verse is merely a repetition of the rule given in verse 127. But others, mentioned by him, Gov., Kull., and Nar., think that the special observances prescribed during the twelve years’ penance, e.g. carrying a skull instead of a flag, which this verse does not expressly mention, need not be kept. Nand. reads dvyabdam, ‘two years,’ instead of tryabdam. 130. I read with Gov., Kull., Nar., Ragh., Nand., and K. dadyad vaikasatam, instead of dady4#éaikasatam (Medh., editions, and probably mentioned by N4r.). According to Gov. and Kull. the two penances are to be performed optionally, in case a virtuous Vaisya has been killed unintentionally. RAgh. seems to hold the same opinion. But Medh. says that the first penance is to be performed for the murder of a Vaisya who was less distinguished than the one referred to in verse 127. N4r. finally thinks that the verse refers to a Vaisya engaged in the performance of a sacrifice, and that the XI, 134. PENANCES FOR MINOR OFFENCES. 457 131. He who has slain a Sédra, shall perform that whole penance during six months, or he may also give ten white cows and one bull to a Brdahmaza. 132. Having killed a cat, an ichneumon, a blue jay, a frog, a dog, an iguana, an owl, or a crow, he shall perform the penance for the murder of a Sddra ; 133. Or he may drink milk during three days, or walk one hundred yoganas, or bathe in a river, or mutter the hymn addressed to the Waters. 134. For killing a snake, a Bréhmamza shall give a spade of black iron, for a eunuch a load of straw and a mAdsha of lead; particle va,‘or,’ takes the place of the copula, and thus one penance only is prescribed. 131. Gov. and Kull. hold that these penances, too, are to be performed in the case of an unintentional homicide. Medh. explains sitaA, ‘white,’ to mean ‘not white in colour, but (called so) because they resemble in purity (white substances), and give much milk and are accompanied by their calves.’
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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