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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1167. Vi. LII, 9. According to N4r. the rule refers to an unintentional offence. 168. Vi.LII,10. According to Medh. the penance may be shortened according to the special circumstances of the case. Nar. says, ‘This refers to cases when the theft is not committed in times of distress.’ 169. Vi. LII,11. According to Nar. this rule holds good if the theft is committed in times of distress and very small quantities are taken. Gov. and Kull. observe on this verse and the preceding ones, that the apparent inequality of the penances, which are prescribed equally for great and small things, will disappear if special circumstances, such as the frequency of the offence, time and place, the character of the owner and so forth, are taken into account. 171. Gaut. XXIII, 12-13, 32 ; Vas. XX, 15-16; Baudh. II,1,13; ‘Vi. XXXIV, 2; XXXVI, 7; LIII, 1; Vag#. III, 233. See also above, verse 59. According to Medh., Gov., Kull., and Ragh., the penance to be performed is that mentioned above in verse 106, while self-immolation is prescribed for repeated intentional offences only. Nar. speaks of a twelve years’ penance. [25] Hh 466 LAWS OF MANU. XI, 172. 172. He who has approached the daughter of his father’s sister, (who is almost equal to) a sister, (the daughter) of his mother’s sister, or of his mother's full brother, shall perform a lunar penance. 173. A wise man should not take as his wife any of these three; they must not be wedded because they are (Sapizda-)relatives, he who marries (one of them), sinks low. 174. A man who has committed a bestial crime, or an unnatural crime with a female, or has had intercourse in water, or with a menstruating woman, shall perform a Sdmtapana Krzkkhra. 175. A twice-born man who commits an unnatural offence with a male, or has intercourse with a female in a cart drawn by oxen, in water, or in the day-time, shall bathe, dressed in his clothes. 176. A Brahmaza who unintentionally approaches a woman of the Kazd4la or of (any other) very low caste, who eats (the food of such persons) and accepts 172. I read with all the commentators and K. in the second line mAtus 4a bhratur aptasya (Apt4m 4a, Nand.)insteadof matus 4a bhratus tanay4m (editions), According to Kull. and N4r, the rule refers to an offence committed by mistake and, as the former says, once only. 173. This verse is directed against the custom of the southerners, mentioned by Baudh. I, 2, 3. ‘Sinks low,’ i.e. ‘falls into hell or begets base-born offspring’ (Medh.). Gov. and Kull. adopt the former explanation, while Nar. says ‘he becomes an outcast.’ 174. Gaut. XXII, 36; XXIII, 34; Vi. LID, 4,7; Yaga. II, 288. A bestial crime with a cow is excepted, see Vi. LITI, 3. Medh. mentions a var. lect., gale khe 4a, instead of gale Aaiva, which agrees with Vishmu’s text. 175. Vi. LITI, 4; Yag#. III, 291. Nar. says that the verse refers to an unintentional offence.
2LID, 4,7; Yaga. II, 288. A bestial crime with a cow is excepted, see Vi. LITI, 3. Medh. mentions a var. lect., gale khe 4a, instead of gale Aaiva, which agrees with Vishmu’s text. 175. Vi. LITI, 4; Yag#. III, 291. Nar. says that the verse refers to an unintentional offence. 176. Vas. XXIII, 41; Baudh. II, 4, 13-14; Vi. LII, 5-6. ‘ Very low caste,’ i.e. ‘Mle&&sas or barbarians, Sabaras and so forth’ (Medh., Gov., Kull), or ‘Stas and the like’ (N4r.), or ‘ Gavanas XI, 181. PENANCES FOR MINOR OFFENCES. 467 (presents from them) becomes an outcast; but (if he does it) intentionally, he becomes their equal. 177. An exceedingly corrupt wife let her husband confine to one apartment, and compel her to perform the penance which is prescribed for males in cases of adultery. 178. If, being solicited by a man (of) equal (caste), she (afterwards) is again unfaithful, then a Krzékhra and a lunar penance are prescribed as the means of purifying her. 179. The sin which a twice-born man commits by dallying one night with a Vvzshalf, he removes in three years, by subsisting on alms and daily muttering (sacred texts). 180. The atonement (to be performed) by sinners (of) four (kinds) even, has been thus declared; hear now the penances for those who have intercourse with outcasts. 181. He who associates with an outcast, himself becomes an outcast after a year, not by sacrificing (i.e. Mahommedans) and the like’ (Ragh.). In the first case the penance for a Patita must be performed; in the second, no penance can be prescribed. 177. Vas. XXI, 8, 12-13; Vi. LIII, 8. Adultery is an Upapétaka according to verse 60, and to be expiated, according to verse 118, by a Govrata or a Kandrfyana, which latter seems to be here intended. The commentators add that the penance must be lighter or heavier, according to the caste of the male offender. 178. I read with Gov., Nar. upamantrit4 instead of upayantrita (editions, K., Nand.). Medh. seems to have read anumantrita. 179. Ap. I, 24,113 Baudh. II, 2,11; Vi. LUI, 9. ‘A Vreshali,’ i.e. a Kandalt (Medh., Kull., Ragh.). But others, mentioned by Medh., Gov., and Nér., think that a Sidra female is meant. Nand. places this verse before verse 178. 181. Gaut. XXI, 3; Vas. I, 22; Baudh. II, 2,35; Ye. III, 261; Vi. XXXV, 3-5. Gov. and N4r. explain the verse differently, ‘He who associates with an outcast by sacrificing for b'm or by forming Hh 2 468 LAWS OF MANU. XI, 182. 2 for him, teaching him, or forming a matrimonial alliance with him, but by using the same carriage or seat, or by eating with him. 182. He who associates with any one of those outcasts, must perform, in order to atone for (such) intercourse, the penance prescribed for that (sinner). 183. The Sapizdas and Samdnodakas of an outcast must offer (a libation of) water (to him, as if he were dead), outside (the village), on an inauspicious day, in the evening and in the presence of the relatives, officiating priests, and teachers.
3183. The Sapizdas and Samdnodakas of an outcast must offer (a libation of) water (to him, as if he were dead), outside (the village), on an inauspicious day, in the evening and in the presence of the relatives, officiating priests, and teachers. 184. A female slave shall upset with her foot a pot filled with water, as if it were for a dead person ; (his Sapizdas) as well as the Sam4nodakas shall be impure for a day and a night; 185. But thenceforward it shall be forbidden to converse with him, to sit with him, to give him a share of the inheritance, and to hold with him such intercourse as is usual among men; 186. And (if he be the eldest) his right of primogeniture shall be withheld and the additional share, a matrimonial alliance with him, himself becomes an outcast after a year, but not by using the same carriage or seat or eating with him.” In the latter case four years are required. The parallel passage of Vishzu shows, however, clearly what is meant. 182. Vi. LIV, 1. 183-186. Gaut. XX, 4-7; Vas. XV, 12-16; Baudh. IJ, 1, 36; Yagi. III, 295. 183. ‘In the presence of the relatives, &c.,’ i.e. ‘of those who perform the ceremony, not of those of the outcast’ (Medh.). nwt ‘As if it were for a dead person,’ i.e. ‘saying, “ This is for N. N.”’ (Medh.), ‘turning to the south’ (Gov., Kull., Nar., Nand., Régh.). 185. I prefer K.’s reading nivarterams tatas tasmat. According to Medh. ‘others’ explained dayAdya, ‘a share of the inheritance,’ by ‘money,’ and thought d that all sums due to him were to be given to his heirs. XI, 192. EXCOMMUNICATION AND RE-ADMISSION. 469 due to the eldest son; and in his stead a younger brother, excelling in virtue, shall obtain the share of the eldest. 187. But when he -has performed his penance, they shall bathe with him in a holy pool and throw down a new pot, filled with water. 188. But he shall throw that pot into water, enter his house and perform, as before, all the duties incumbent on a relative. 189. Let him follow the same rule in the case of female outcasts; but clothes, food, and drink shall be given to them, and they shall live close to the (family-)house. 190. Let him not transact any business with unpurified sinners; but let him in no way reproach those who have made atonement. 191. Let him not dwell together with the murderers of children, with those who have returned evil for good, and with the slayers of suppliants for protection or of women, though they may have been purified according to the sacred law. 192. Those twice-born men who may not have been taught the Savitrt (at the time) prescribed by the rule, he shall cause to perform three Kriééhra (penances) and afterwards initiate them in accordance with the law. 187-188. Gaut. XX, ro-14; Vas. XV, 17-21; Baudh. II, 1, 36; Yagi. III, 296. 188. Thus Gov., Kull., Ragh., and others quoted by Medh. But the latter commentator himself refers sa tu, ‘but he,’ to one of the relatives, and Nar. seems to agree with him. 189. Yagi. III, 297.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1167. Vi. LII, 9. According to N4r. the rule refers to an unintentional offence. 168. Vi.LII,10. According to Medh. the penance may be shortened according to the special circumstances of the case. Nar. says, ‘This refers to cases when the theft is not committed in times of distress.’ 169. Vi. LII,11. According to Nar. this rule holds good if the theft is committed in times of distress and very small quantities are taken. Gov. and Kull. observe on this verse and the preceding ones, that the apparent inequality of the penances, which are prescribed equally for great and small things, will disappear if special circumstances, such as the frequency of the offence, time and place, the character of the owner and so forth, are taken into account. 171. Gaut. XXIII, 12-13, 32 ; Vas. XX, 15-16; Baudh. II,1,13; ‘Vi. XXXIV, 2; XXXVI, 7; LIII, 1; Vag#. III, 233. See also above, verse 59. According to Medh., Gov., Kull., and Ragh., the penance to be performed is that mentioned above in verse 106, while self-immolation is prescribed for repeated intentional offences only. Nar. speaks of a twelve years’ penance. [25] Hh 466 LAWS OF MANU. XI, 172. 172. He who has approached the daughter of his father’s sister, (who is almost equal to) a sister, (the daughter) of his mother’s sister, or of his mother's full brother, shall perform a lunar penance. 173. A wise man should not take as his wife any of these three; they must not be wedded because they are (Sapizda-)relatives, he who marries (one of them), sinks low. 174. A man who has committed a bestial crime, or an unnatural crime with a female, or has had intercourse in water, or with a menstruating woman, shall perform a Sdmtapana Krzkkhra. 175. A twice-born man who commits an unnatural offence with a male, or has intercourse with a female in a cart drawn by oxen, in water, or in the day-time, shall bathe, dressed in his clothes. 176. A Brahmaza who unintentionally approaches a woman of the Kazd4la or of (any other) very low caste, who eats (the food of such persons) and accepts 172. I read with all the commentators and K. in the second line mAtus 4a bhratur aptasya (Apt4m 4a, Nand.)insteadof matus 4a bhratus tanay4m (editions), According to Kull. and N4r, the rule refers to an offence committed by mistake and, as the former says, once only. 173. This verse is directed against the custom of the southerners, mentioned by Baudh. I, 2, 3. ‘Sinks low,’ i.e. ‘falls into hell or begets base-born offspring’ (Medh.). Gov. and Kull. adopt the former explanation, while Nar. says ‘he becomes an outcast.’ 174. Gaut. XXII, 36; XXIII, 34; Vi. LID, 4,7; Yaga. II, 288. A bestial crime with a cow is excepted, see Vi. LITI, 3. Medh. mentions a var. lect., gale khe 4a, instead of gale Aaiva, which agrees with Vishmu’s text. 175. Vi. LITI, 4; Yag#. III, 291. Nar. says that the verse refers to an unintentional offence.
2LID, 4,7; Yaga. II, 288. A bestial crime with a cow is excepted, see Vi. LITI, 3. Medh. mentions a var. lect., gale khe 4a, instead of gale Aaiva, which agrees with Vishmu’s text. 175. Vi. LITI, 4; Yag#. III, 291. Nar. says that the verse refers to an unintentional offence. 176. Vas. XXIII, 41; Baudh. II, 4, 13-14; Vi. LII, 5-6. ‘ Very low caste,’ i.e. ‘Mle&&sas or barbarians, Sabaras and so forth’ (Medh., Gov., Kull), or ‘Stas and the like’ (N4r.), or ‘ Gavanas XI, 181. PENANCES FOR MINOR OFFENCES. 467 (presents from them) becomes an outcast; but (if he does it) intentionally, he becomes their equal. 177. An exceedingly corrupt wife let her husband confine to one apartment, and compel her to perform the penance which is prescribed for males in cases of adultery. 178. If, being solicited by a man (of) equal (caste), she (afterwards) is again unfaithful, then a Krzékhra and a lunar penance are prescribed as the means of purifying her. 179. The sin which a twice-born man commits by dallying one night with a Vvzshalf, he removes in three years, by subsisting on alms and daily muttering (sacred texts). 180. The atonement (to be performed) by sinners (of) four (kinds) even, has been thus declared; hear now the penances for those who have intercourse with outcasts. 181. He who associates with an outcast, himself becomes an outcast after a year, not by sacrificing (i.e. Mahommedans) and the like’ (Ragh.). In the first case the penance for a Patita must be performed; in the second, no penance can be prescribed. 177. Vas. XXI, 8, 12-13; Vi. LIII, 8. Adultery is an Upapétaka according to verse 60, and to be expiated, according to verse 118, by a Govrata or a Kandrfyana, which latter seems to be here intended. The commentators add that the penance must be lighter or heavier, according to the caste of the male offender. 178. I read with Gov., Nar. upamantrit4 instead of upayantrita (editions, K., Nand.). Medh. seems to have read anumantrita. 179. Ap. I, 24,113 Baudh. II, 2,11; Vi. LUI, 9. ‘A Vreshali,’ i.e. a Kandalt (Medh., Kull., Ragh.). But others, mentioned by Medh., Gov., and Nér., think that a Sidra female is meant. Nand. places this verse before verse 178. 181. Gaut. XXI, 3; Vas. I, 22; Baudh. II, 2,35; Ye. III, 261; Vi. XXXV, 3-5. Gov. and N4r. explain the verse differently, ‘He who associates with an outcast by sacrificing for b'm or by forming Hh 2 468 LAWS OF MANU. XI, 182. 2 for him, teaching him, or forming a matrimonial alliance with him, but by using the same carriage or seat, or by eating with him. 182. He who associates with any one of those outcasts, must perform, in order to atone for (such) intercourse, the penance prescribed for that (sinner). 183. The Sapizdas and Samdnodakas of an outcast must offer (a libation of) water (to him, as if he were dead), outside (the village), on an inauspicious day, in the evening and in the presence of the relatives, officiating priests, and teachers.
3183. The Sapizdas and Samdnodakas of an outcast must offer (a libation of) water (to him, as if he were dead), outside (the village), on an inauspicious day, in the evening and in the presence of the relatives, officiating priests, and teachers. 184. A female slave shall upset with her foot a pot filled with water, as if it were for a dead person ; (his Sapizdas) as well as the Sam4nodakas shall be impure for a day and a night; 185. But thenceforward it shall be forbidden to converse with him, to sit with him, to give him a share of the inheritance, and to hold with him such intercourse as is usual among men; 186. And (if he be the eldest) his right of primogeniture shall be withheld and the additional share, a matrimonial alliance with him, himself becomes an outcast after a year, but not by using the same carriage or seat or eating with him.” In the latter case four years are required. The parallel passage of Vishzu shows, however, clearly what is meant. 182. Vi. LIV, 1. 183-186. Gaut. XX, 4-7; Vas. XV, 12-16; Baudh. IJ, 1, 36; Yagi. III, 295. 183. ‘In the presence of the relatives, &c.,’ i.e. ‘of those who perform the ceremony, not of those of the outcast’ (Medh.). nwt ‘As if it were for a dead person,’ i.e. ‘saying, “ This is for N. N.”’ (Medh.), ‘turning to the south’ (Gov., Kull., Nar., Nand., Régh.). 185. I prefer K.’s reading nivarterams tatas tasmat. According to Medh. ‘others’ explained dayAdya, ‘a share of the inheritance,’ by ‘money,’ and thought d that all sums due to him were to be given to his heirs. XI, 192. EXCOMMUNICATION AND RE-ADMISSION. 469 due to the eldest son; and in his stead a younger brother, excelling in virtue, shall obtain the share of the eldest. 187. But when he -has performed his penance, they shall bathe with him in a holy pool and throw down a new pot, filled with water. 188. But he shall throw that pot into water, enter his house and perform, as before, all the duties incumbent on a relative. 189. Let him follow the same rule in the case of female outcasts; but clothes, food, and drink shall be given to them, and they shall live close to the (family-)house. 190. Let him not transact any business with unpurified sinners; but let him in no way reproach those who have made atonement. 191. Let him not dwell together with the murderers of children, with those who have returned evil for good, and with the slayers of suppliants for protection or of women, though they may have been purified according to the sacred law. 192. Those twice-born men who may not have been taught the Savitrt (at the time) prescribed by the rule, he shall cause to perform three Kriééhra (penances) and afterwards initiate them in accordance with the law. 187-188. Gaut. XX, ro-14; Vas. XV, 17-21; Baudh. II, 1, 36; Yagi. III, 296. 188. Thus Gov., Kull., Ragh., and others quoted by Medh. But the latter commentator himself refers sa tu, ‘but he,’ to one of the relatives, and Nar. seems to agree with him. 189. Yagi. III, 297.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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