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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1‘His friend, i.e. ‘though he may not be a Brahmana’ (N4r.). go. The verse is identical with Baudh. II, 1, 6. The correct XI, 93. | PENANCES FOR DRINKING SPIRITS. 449 tentionally killing a Brahmaza ; but for intentionally slaying a Brahmaza no atonement is ordained. gt. A twice-born man who has (intentionally) drunk, through delusion of mind, (the spirituous liquor called) Sur4 shall drink that liquor boilinghot; when his body has been completely scalded by that, he is freed from his guilt; 92. Or he may drink cow’s urine, water, milk, clarified butter or (liquid) cowdung boiling-hot, until he dies; 93. Or, in order to remove (the guilt of) drinking Suré, he may eat during a year once (a day) at night grains (of rice) or oilcake, wearing clothes made of cowhair and his own hair in braids and carrying (a wine cup as) a flag. interpretation of this verse is that Manu, just as Ap. I, 24, 24, held the intentional murder of a true Brahmaaa to be inexpiable during the criminal’s life, and meant to teach that the murderer had either to perform a penance which caused his death or to live according to the twelve years’ rule during the term of his natural life. This is the doctrine attributed to Manu by Gaut. XXI, 7. While Gov. and Nar. agree with this explanation, Medh., ‘others’ quoted by Gov., Kull., Nand., and Ragh. refer iyam, ‘this,’ to verse 73, and hold that in the case of wilful murder the penance has only to be made severer by doubling or trebling the term of twelve years. g1—-98. Ap. I, 25, 3, 10; 27,10; Gaut. XXIII, ro-12; Vas. XX, 19, 22; Baudh. II, 1, 18-22; Vi. LI, 1-4; YAgw. III, 253-254. gt. This and the next penances are prescribed for an intentional offence; see below, verse 147. According to Medh., Gov., Kull, and Ragh. (the latter two quoting the Bhavishyapuraza), the spirituous liquor here intended is the paishfk? surd, that distilled from ground rice. According to Nar. the penance ending in death must be performed by all Aryans who have drunk paishfkt sur4, and by Brahmamas who have drunk any of the three kinds of sura mentioned in verse 95. Nand. reads amohat, and explains it by matipfrvakam, ‘intentionally.’ 93. According to Gov., Kull., Nand., and R4gh., this penance is prescribed for drinking unintentionally paishAki sura ; according [25] Gg 450 LAWS OF MANU. XI, 94. 94. Sura, indeed, is the dirty refuse (mala) of grain, sin also is called dirt (mala); hence a Brahmaza, a Kshatriya, and a Vaisya shall not drink Suré. 95. Sura one must know to be of three kinds, that distilled from molasses (gauat), that distilled from ground rice, and that distilled from Madhdkaflowers (mAdhvi); as the one (named above) even so are all (three sorts) forbidden to the chief of the twice-born. 96. Sur4, (all other) intoxicating drinks and decoctions and flesh are the food of the Yakshas, Rakshasas, and Pisigas; a Brahmaza who eats (the remnants of) the offerings consecrated to the gods, must not partake of such (substances).
296. Sur4, (all other) intoxicating drinks and decoctions and flesh are the food of the Yakshas, Rakshasas, and Pisigas; a Brahmaza who eats (the remnants of) the offerings consecrated to the gods, must not partake of such (substances). 97. A Brahmaaa, stupefied by drunkenness, might fall on something impure, or (improperly) pronounce Vedic (texts), or commit some other act which ought not to be committed. 98. When the Brahman (the Veda) which dwells in his body is (even) once (only) deluged with spirituous liquor, his Brahmanhood forsakes him and he becomes a Sfdra. to ‘others’ quoted by Medh. and R&gh., for drinking gaudi or madhvi sura; according to Nar., for intentionally drinking water mixed with madhusura. Medh. himself says idam prandtyaya aushadhartham, ‘this (is intended) as a medicine for death.’ 94. This verse shows, as the commentators point out, the distinction between spirituous liquor distilled from ground grain, paishAki sur4, and the other two sorts mentioned in the next verse. The first alone is forbidden to all Aryans, the other two sorts to Brahmamas; see also Gaut. II, 20. 95. Madhvi, ‘distilled from Madhfka (Mau4) flowers’ (Kull.), means according to Medh. ‘distilled from honey,’ according to Nar. ‘distilled either from grapes or from Madhfka flowers or from honey.’ XI, 104. PENANCES FOR DRINKING SPIRITS. 451 99. The various expiations for drinking (the spirituous liquors called) Suré have thus been explained; I will next proclaim the atonement for stealing the gold (of a Brahmama). 100. A Brahmaza who has stolen the gold (of a Brahmavza) shall go to the king and, confessing his deed, say, ‘Lord, punish me!’ 101. Taking (from him) the club (which he must carry), the king himself shall strike him once, by his death the thief becomes pure; or a Brahmama (may purify himself) by austerities. 102. He who desires to remove by austerities the guilt of stealing the gold (of a Brahmama), shall perform the penance (prescribed) for the slayer of a Brahmaza, (living) in a forest and dressed in (garments made of) bark. 103. By these penances a twice-born man may remove the guilt incurred by a theft (of gold); but he may atone for connexion with a Guru's wife by the following penances. 104. He who has violated his Guru’s bed, shall, 100-101. See above, VIII, 314-316. tor. At the end of the verse Gov., Kull., Nar., Ragh., Nand., and K. read v4 instead of tu (Medh.(?) editions), which is variously explained. According to Nar. and Nand., it means ‘but.’ Kull. thinks that it indicates that, while a Brahmaza must never be slain by the king, other Aryans also may perform austerities. According to Ragh., it refers to the optional recitation of the Gayatri, repeated 700,000 times; according to Nar., to other penances, even such as end in death. But Gov. is probably right in assuming that ‘the austerities’ meant are those prescribed in the next verse.
3According to Ragh., it refers to the optional recitation of the Gayatri, repeated 700,000 times; according to Nar., to other penances, even such as end in death. But Gov. is probably right in assuming that ‘the austerities’ meant are those prescribed in the next verse. To2. Ap. I, 25,10; Y4gi. III, 258; Vi. LII, 3. According to Nf4r., this verse refers to an ‘unintentional’ offence ; according to Kull. and Ragh., to the theft of a small sum. 104-107. Ap. I, 25, 1-2, 10; 28, 15-18; Gaut. XXIII, 8-12; Gg2 452 LAWS OF MANU, XI, 105. after confessing his crime, extend himself on a heated iron bed, or embrace the red-hot image (of a woman) ; by dying he becomes pure ; 105. Or, having himself cut off his organ and his " testicles and having taken them in his joined hands, he may walk straight towards the region of Nirvzti (the south-west), until he falls down (dead); 106. Or, carrying the foot of a bedstead, dressed in (garments of) bark and allowing his beard to grow, he may, with a concentrated mind, perform during a whole year the Krzé&Ara (or hard, penance), revealed by PragApati, in a lonely forest ; 107. Or, controlling his organs, he may during three months continuously perform the lunar penance, (subsisting) on sacrificial food or barley-gruel, in order to remove (the guilt of) violating a Guru’s bed. 108. By means of these penances men who have committed mortal sins (Mah4pdtaka) may remove their guilt, but those who committed minor offences, causing loss of caste, (Upap4taka, can do it) by the various following penances. Vas. XX, 13-14; Baudh. II, 1, 13-15; Vi. XXXIV, 2; LIII, 1; Yagi. III, 259-260. 104. According to Medh., the term ‘Guru’ denotes here ‘the teacher or the father ;’ according to Kull., N4r., and RAgh., ‘the father ;’ and Nar. particularly excludes an offence with a stepmother. 106. According to Medh., Kull., Ragh., this penance expiates incest committed by mistake ; according to N4r., the rule applies to the case when the offence was committed with a stepmother. Regarding the KrizkAra penance, see below, verse 212. 107. According to Medh. and Ragh., the rule refers to an offence committed with the wife of a paternal or of a maternal uncle, or of other minor Gurus; according to Kull., to an offence with an unfaithful or low-caste wife of a Guru. Regarding the lunar penance or Xandrayana, see below, verse 217. 108, Nar. takes mahap&takina/, ‘those who committed mortal XI,116. PENANCES FOR MINOR OFFENCES. 453 109. He who has committed a minor offence by slaying a cow (or bull) shall drink during (the first) month (a decoction of) barley-grains ; having shaved all his hair, and covering himself with the hide (of the slain cow), he must live in a cow-house. 110. During the two (following) months he shall eat a small (quantity of food) without any factitious salt at every fourth meal-time, and shall bathe in the urine of cows, keeping his organs under control.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1‘His friend, i.e. ‘though he may not be a Brahmana’ (N4r.). go. The verse is identical with Baudh. II, 1, 6. The correct XI, 93. | PENANCES FOR DRINKING SPIRITS. 449 tentionally killing a Brahmaza ; but for intentionally slaying a Brahmaza no atonement is ordained. gt. A twice-born man who has (intentionally) drunk, through delusion of mind, (the spirituous liquor called) Sur4 shall drink that liquor boilinghot; when his body has been completely scalded by that, he is freed from his guilt; 92. Or he may drink cow’s urine, water, milk, clarified butter or (liquid) cowdung boiling-hot, until he dies; 93. Or, in order to remove (the guilt of) drinking Suré, he may eat during a year once (a day) at night grains (of rice) or oilcake, wearing clothes made of cowhair and his own hair in braids and carrying (a wine cup as) a flag. interpretation of this verse is that Manu, just as Ap. I, 24, 24, held the intentional murder of a true Brahmaaa to be inexpiable during the criminal’s life, and meant to teach that the murderer had either to perform a penance which caused his death or to live according to the twelve years’ rule during the term of his natural life. This is the doctrine attributed to Manu by Gaut. XXI, 7. While Gov. and Nar. agree with this explanation, Medh., ‘others’ quoted by Gov., Kull., Nand., and Ragh. refer iyam, ‘this,’ to verse 73, and hold that in the case of wilful murder the penance has only to be made severer by doubling or trebling the term of twelve years. g1—-98. Ap. I, 25, 3, 10; 27,10; Gaut. XXIII, ro-12; Vas. XX, 19, 22; Baudh. II, 1, 18-22; Vi. LI, 1-4; YAgw. III, 253-254. gt. This and the next penances are prescribed for an intentional offence; see below, verse 147. According to Medh., Gov., Kull, and Ragh. (the latter two quoting the Bhavishyapuraza), the spirituous liquor here intended is the paishfk? surd, that distilled from ground rice. According to Nar. the penance ending in death must be performed by all Aryans who have drunk paishfkt sur4, and by Brahmamas who have drunk any of the three kinds of sura mentioned in verse 95. Nand. reads amohat, and explains it by matipfrvakam, ‘intentionally.’ 93. According to Gov., Kull., Nand., and R4gh., this penance is prescribed for drinking unintentionally paishAki sura ; according [25] Gg 450 LAWS OF MANU. XI, 94. 94. Sura, indeed, is the dirty refuse (mala) of grain, sin also is called dirt (mala); hence a Brahmaza, a Kshatriya, and a Vaisya shall not drink Suré. 95. Sura one must know to be of three kinds, that distilled from molasses (gauat), that distilled from ground rice, and that distilled from Madhdkaflowers (mAdhvi); as the one (named above) even so are all (three sorts) forbidden to the chief of the twice-born. 96. Sur4, (all other) intoxicating drinks and decoctions and flesh are the food of the Yakshas, Rakshasas, and Pisigas; a Brahmaza who eats (the remnants of) the offerings consecrated to the gods, must not partake of such (substances).
296. Sur4, (all other) intoxicating drinks and decoctions and flesh are the food of the Yakshas, Rakshasas, and Pisigas; a Brahmaza who eats (the remnants of) the offerings consecrated to the gods, must not partake of such (substances). 97. A Brahmaaa, stupefied by drunkenness, might fall on something impure, or (improperly) pronounce Vedic (texts), or commit some other act which ought not to be committed. 98. When the Brahman (the Veda) which dwells in his body is (even) once (only) deluged with spirituous liquor, his Brahmanhood forsakes him and he becomes a Sfdra. to ‘others’ quoted by Medh. and R&gh., for drinking gaudi or madhvi sura; according to Nar., for intentionally drinking water mixed with madhusura. Medh. himself says idam prandtyaya aushadhartham, ‘this (is intended) as a medicine for death.’ 94. This verse shows, as the commentators point out, the distinction between spirituous liquor distilled from ground grain, paishAki sur4, and the other two sorts mentioned in the next verse. The first alone is forbidden to all Aryans, the other two sorts to Brahmamas; see also Gaut. II, 20. 95. Madhvi, ‘distilled from Madhfka (Mau4) flowers’ (Kull.), means according to Medh. ‘distilled from honey,’ according to Nar. ‘distilled either from grapes or from Madhfka flowers or from honey.’ XI, 104. PENANCES FOR DRINKING SPIRITS. 451 99. The various expiations for drinking (the spirituous liquors called) Suré have thus been explained; I will next proclaim the atonement for stealing the gold (of a Brahmama). 100. A Brahmaza who has stolen the gold (of a Brahmavza) shall go to the king and, confessing his deed, say, ‘Lord, punish me!’ 101. Taking (from him) the club (which he must carry), the king himself shall strike him once, by his death the thief becomes pure; or a Brahmama (may purify himself) by austerities. 102. He who desires to remove by austerities the guilt of stealing the gold (of a Brahmama), shall perform the penance (prescribed) for the slayer of a Brahmaza, (living) in a forest and dressed in (garments made of) bark. 103. By these penances a twice-born man may remove the guilt incurred by a theft (of gold); but he may atone for connexion with a Guru's wife by the following penances. 104. He who has violated his Guru’s bed, shall, 100-101. See above, VIII, 314-316. tor. At the end of the verse Gov., Kull., Nar., Ragh., Nand., and K. read v4 instead of tu (Medh.(?) editions), which is variously explained. According to Nar. and Nand., it means ‘but.’ Kull. thinks that it indicates that, while a Brahmaza must never be slain by the king, other Aryans also may perform austerities. According to Ragh., it refers to the optional recitation of the Gayatri, repeated 700,000 times; according to Nar., to other penances, even such as end in death. But Gov. is probably right in assuming that ‘the austerities’ meant are those prescribed in the next verse.
3According to Ragh., it refers to the optional recitation of the Gayatri, repeated 700,000 times; according to Nar., to other penances, even such as end in death. But Gov. is probably right in assuming that ‘the austerities’ meant are those prescribed in the next verse. To2. Ap. I, 25,10; Y4gi. III, 258; Vi. LII, 3. According to Nf4r., this verse refers to an ‘unintentional’ offence ; according to Kull. and Ragh., to the theft of a small sum. 104-107. Ap. I, 25, 1-2, 10; 28, 15-18; Gaut. XXIII, 8-12; Gg2 452 LAWS OF MANU, XI, 105. after confessing his crime, extend himself on a heated iron bed, or embrace the red-hot image (of a woman) ; by dying he becomes pure ; 105. Or, having himself cut off his organ and his " testicles and having taken them in his joined hands, he may walk straight towards the region of Nirvzti (the south-west), until he falls down (dead); 106. Or, carrying the foot of a bedstead, dressed in (garments of) bark and allowing his beard to grow, he may, with a concentrated mind, perform during a whole year the Krzé&Ara (or hard, penance), revealed by PragApati, in a lonely forest ; 107. Or, controlling his organs, he may during three months continuously perform the lunar penance, (subsisting) on sacrificial food or barley-gruel, in order to remove (the guilt of) violating a Guru’s bed. 108. By means of these penances men who have committed mortal sins (Mah4pdtaka) may remove their guilt, but those who committed minor offences, causing loss of caste, (Upap4taka, can do it) by the various following penances. Vas. XX, 13-14; Baudh. II, 1, 13-15; Vi. XXXIV, 2; LIII, 1; Yagi. III, 259-260. 104. According to Medh., the term ‘Guru’ denotes here ‘the teacher or the father ;’ according to Kull., N4r., and RAgh., ‘the father ;’ and Nar. particularly excludes an offence with a stepmother. 106. According to Medh., Kull., Ragh., this penance expiates incest committed by mistake ; according to N4r., the rule applies to the case when the offence was committed with a stepmother. Regarding the KrizkAra penance, see below, verse 212. 107. According to Medh. and Ragh., the rule refers to an offence committed with the wife of a paternal or of a maternal uncle, or of other minor Gurus; according to Kull., to an offence with an unfaithful or low-caste wife of a Guru. Regarding the lunar penance or Xandrayana, see below, verse 217. 108, Nar. takes mahap&takina/, ‘those who committed mortal XI,116. PENANCES FOR MINOR OFFENCES. 453 109. He who has committed a minor offence by slaying a cow (or bull) shall drink during (the first) month (a decoction of) barley-grains ; having shaved all his hair, and covering himself with the hide (of the slain cow), he must live in a cow-house. 110. During the two (following) months he shall eat a small (quantity of food) without any factitious salt at every fourth meal-time, and shall bathe in the urine of cows, keeping his organs under control.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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