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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Google This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world’s books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that’s often difficult to discover. Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book’s long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Usage guidelines Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. We also ask that you: + Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for personal, non-commercial purposes. + Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google’s system: If you are conducting research on machine translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help. + Maintain attribution The Google “watermark” you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it. + Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can’t offer guidance on whether any specific use of any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book’s appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe. About Google Book Search Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http: //books.google.com/ Wi B 3 021 3e5
2Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http: //books.google.com/ Wi B 3 021 3e5 REESE’ LIBR/é VERSITY OF CALIFORD ( / Received 4 LI i - Taw ras ( Digitized by Goog le THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST {24] a Zondon HENRY FROWDE OxForD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE AMEN Corner, E.C, THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST TRANSLATED BY VARIOUS ORIENTAL SCHOLARS AND EDITED BY F. MAX MULLER VOL. XXIV BaD LI Pats te , Ty ¢ ne TM co UNIVERSITY @rford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1885 [ All rights reserved ] : y DO AGC PAHLAVI TEXTS TRANSLATED BY E. W. WEST PART III DINA-f MAf{NOG-f KHIRAD SIKAND-GOMANIK VIGAR SAD DAR @rford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1885 [AU rights reserved | Digitized by Google CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION. \CHAP. PAGE 1. The Dina-f Maindg-f Khirad .. . . . . xv 2. The Sikand-gimanik Vig4r . . . . . XXxv 3. The Sad Dar. . - . . . . . XXxvi Abbreviations used in this volume . . . . xlvii TRANSLATIONS. DtnA-t Matnéc-? Kurrap. .. I 1. Introducing the sage and the spirit of wisdom 3 2. How to preserve both body and soul, including the fate of the soul after death, whether righteous or wicked 9 3. What liberality and truth, gratitude and wisdom, mindfulness and contentment are good for .. 26 4. The nine chief good works, divided into seven classes 26 5. The ten happiest lands . 27 6. The ten unhappiest lands . 28 4. The four grades of heaven and hell, with the neutral region between them, and the fate of the souls in each . 29 8. How Aftharmazd created the universe, and Aharman corrupted it for gooo years. The evil influence of the seven planets, the good influence of the twelve signs of the zodiac, and how far the good and evil can counteracteach other . . : . . - 32 g. The impossibility of going from region to region, the substance of the sky, and the mingling of the water in the earth. . 35 10. The impossibility of peace and affection between Aharman and Atharmazd . 36 11. Wisdom without goodness and skill without wisdom are useless . . . . . . . : . 37 Viil CONTENTS. CHAP. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 24. 28. 29. 30. 31. Worldly treasure is not allotted so truly as spiritual, on account of Aharman’s chieftains, the seven planets; but, after death, every one is judged according to his own deeds . . Though animals’ knowledge | is instinctive, men obtain theirs only by toil, because Aharman has concealed the results of good and evil, and formed many false religions; but the only true one is that taught by Zaratfist . . The best protection, friend, supporter of fame, helper of enjoyment, wealth, and pleasure The poverty and opulence which are good, and the characteristics of good and bad government .
3. The best protection, friend, supporter of fame, helper of enjoyment, wealth, and pleasure The poverty and opulence which are good, and the characteristics of good and bad government . The best food, grain, and fruit. The effects of wine on different tempers, and when drunk in moderation and in excess. Also why silk clothing is better for the body, and cotton for the soul The pleasure that is worse than unhappiness . . Why people disregard the changeableness of worldly things, death, the account of the soul, and hell . Living in fear and falsehood is worse than death The best and worst conversation for kings The fate of men who are worldly, scoffing, idle, malicious, lazy, false-hearted, and arrogant : How far worldly wealth can be acquired through exertion . The impossibility of contending with destiny . Providence can over-rule destiny; but rarely does 50, because of Aharman’s evil doings . The poorest of the rich, and the richest of the poor A blind mind is worse than a blind eye, and an ill-informed is worse than an ill-tempered man . The several advantages resulting from the actions of Géyémard, Héshang, Takhmorup, Yimshéd, Az-f Dahak, FrAsiyak, Frédin, Manfisfthar, Kai-Kavad, Sahm, K4i- Us, Siyavakhsh, Kai-Khfsréi, Kaf-Léoharasp, and Kai- Vistisp .« . . The most forgiving, strongest, swiftest, happiest, and most miserable . . . . What must be most regarded and protected The worst life and most unforeseeing man The business of the three classes—priests, warriors, and husbandmen PAGE 37 39 41 42 45 49 49 5° 50 51 54 54 55 55 56 57 66 66 67 67 CONTENTS, ix CHAP. 32. 33- 34- 35: 36. 37- 38. 39- 40. 41. 42, 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. « The business of the fourth class, the artizans . ‘ The worst ruler, chieftain, friend, kinsman, wife, child, and country ‘ . . . . . Aharman can hardly disturb a wise and contented man . The seven kinds of men who are rich, and the seven who are poor . . . . The thirty sins. : The thirty-three good works . Why worldly happiness is not allotted to } the worthy who are accepted in heaven . . . . ‘ Whose power is most seemly, wisdom most complete, disposition most faithful, speech most proper, goodness least, friendship worst, mental pleasure least, heart most seemly, endurance most approvable, and who is not faithful. What should be kept by every one and no one, and also in conversation. Who cannot give evidence, to whom obedience is due, who must be minded and praised, what must not be unrespected, who is like Afharmazd, and who like Aharman . What is coldest, warmest, brightest, darkest, fullest, emptiest, most fruitless, without superfluity, incapable of deprival, cannot be bought, satisfies every one, and satisfies no one. What Afharmasd desires from men, and what Aharman does; and what is the end in the worldly and spiritual existences . . .
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Google This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world’s books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that’s often difficult to discover. Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book’s long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Usage guidelines Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. We also ask that you: + Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for personal, non-commercial purposes. + Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google’s system: If you are conducting research on machine translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help. + Maintain attribution The Google “watermark” you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it. + Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can’t offer guidance on whether any specific use of any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book’s appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe. About Google Book Search Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http: //books.google.com/ Wi B 3 021 3e5
2Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http: //books.google.com/ Wi B 3 021 3e5 REESE’ LIBR/é VERSITY OF CALIFORD ( / Received 4 LI i - Taw ras ( Digitized by Goog le THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST {24] a Zondon HENRY FROWDE OxForD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE AMEN Corner, E.C, THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST TRANSLATED BY VARIOUS ORIENTAL SCHOLARS AND EDITED BY F. MAX MULLER VOL. XXIV BaD LI Pats te , Ty ¢ ne TM co UNIVERSITY @rford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1885 [ All rights reserved ] : y DO AGC PAHLAVI TEXTS TRANSLATED BY E. W. WEST PART III DINA-f MAf{NOG-f KHIRAD SIKAND-GOMANIK VIGAR SAD DAR @rford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1885 [AU rights reserved | Digitized by Google CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION. \CHAP. PAGE 1. The Dina-f Maindg-f Khirad .. . . . . xv 2. The Sikand-gimanik Vig4r . . . . . XXxv 3. The Sad Dar. . - . . . . . XXxvi Abbreviations used in this volume . . . . xlvii TRANSLATIONS. DtnA-t Matnéc-? Kurrap. .. I 1. Introducing the sage and the spirit of wisdom 3 2. How to preserve both body and soul, including the fate of the soul after death, whether righteous or wicked 9 3. What liberality and truth, gratitude and wisdom, mindfulness and contentment are good for .. 26 4. The nine chief good works, divided into seven classes 26 5. The ten happiest lands . 27 6. The ten unhappiest lands . 28 4. The four grades of heaven and hell, with the neutral region between them, and the fate of the souls in each . 29 8. How Aftharmazd created the universe, and Aharman corrupted it for gooo years. The evil influence of the seven planets, the good influence of the twelve signs of the zodiac, and how far the good and evil can counteracteach other . . : . . - 32 g. The impossibility of going from region to region, the substance of the sky, and the mingling of the water in the earth. . 35 10. The impossibility of peace and affection between Aharman and Atharmazd . 36 11. Wisdom without goodness and skill without wisdom are useless . . . . . . . : . 37 Viil CONTENTS. CHAP. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 24. 28. 29. 30. 31. Worldly treasure is not allotted so truly as spiritual, on account of Aharman’s chieftains, the seven planets; but, after death, every one is judged according to his own deeds . . Though animals’ knowledge | is instinctive, men obtain theirs only by toil, because Aharman has concealed the results of good and evil, and formed many false religions; but the only true one is that taught by Zaratfist . . The best protection, friend, supporter of fame, helper of enjoyment, wealth, and pleasure The poverty and opulence which are good, and the characteristics of good and bad government .
3. The best protection, friend, supporter of fame, helper of enjoyment, wealth, and pleasure The poverty and opulence which are good, and the characteristics of good and bad government . The best food, grain, and fruit. The effects of wine on different tempers, and when drunk in moderation and in excess. Also why silk clothing is better for the body, and cotton for the soul The pleasure that is worse than unhappiness . . Why people disregard the changeableness of worldly things, death, the account of the soul, and hell . Living in fear and falsehood is worse than death The best and worst conversation for kings The fate of men who are worldly, scoffing, idle, malicious, lazy, false-hearted, and arrogant : How far worldly wealth can be acquired through exertion . The impossibility of contending with destiny . Providence can over-rule destiny; but rarely does 50, because of Aharman’s evil doings . The poorest of the rich, and the richest of the poor A blind mind is worse than a blind eye, and an ill-informed is worse than an ill-tempered man . The several advantages resulting from the actions of Géyémard, Héshang, Takhmorup, Yimshéd, Az-f Dahak, FrAsiyak, Frédin, Manfisfthar, Kai-Kavad, Sahm, K4i- Us, Siyavakhsh, Kai-Khfsréi, Kaf-Léoharasp, and Kai- Vistisp .« . . The most forgiving, strongest, swiftest, happiest, and most miserable . . . . What must be most regarded and protected The worst life and most unforeseeing man The business of the three classes—priests, warriors, and husbandmen PAGE 37 39 41 42 45 49 49 5° 50 51 54 54 55 55 56 57 66 66 67 67 CONTENTS, ix CHAP. 32. 33- 34- 35: 36. 37- 38. 39- 40. 41. 42, 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. « The business of the fourth class, the artizans . ‘ The worst ruler, chieftain, friend, kinsman, wife, child, and country ‘ . . . . . Aharman can hardly disturb a wise and contented man . The seven kinds of men who are rich, and the seven who are poor . . . . The thirty sins. : The thirty-three good works . Why worldly happiness is not allotted to } the worthy who are accepted in heaven . . . . ‘ Whose power is most seemly, wisdom most complete, disposition most faithful, speech most proper, goodness least, friendship worst, mental pleasure least, heart most seemly, endurance most approvable, and who is not faithful. What should be kept by every one and no one, and also in conversation. Who cannot give evidence, to whom obedience is due, who must be minded and praised, what must not be unrespected, who is like Afharmazd, and who like Aharman . What is coldest, warmest, brightest, darkest, fullest, emptiest, most fruitless, without superfluity, incapable of deprival, cannot be bought, satisfies every one, and satisfies no one. What Afharmasd desires from men, and what Aharman does; and what is the end in the worldly and spiritual existences . . .
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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