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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1the Ny4ya, SAamkhya, and so forth, which is useful for obtaining final liberation.’ Medh. too is not certain if Anvikshikf is to be taken by itself, but proposes ‘the science of dialectics which will be useful to him.’ 45-48. Vi. III, 50-51. VII,52,—, THE KING, 223 from love of pleasure, and the eight, proceeding from wrath, which (all) end in misery. 46. For a king who is attached. to the vices springing from love of pleasure, loses his wealth and his virtue, but (he who is given) to those arising from anger, (loses) even his life. 47. Hunting, gambling, sleeping by day, censoriousness, (excess with) women, drunkenness, (an inordinate love for) dancing, singing, and music, and useless travel are the tenfold set (of vices) springing from love of pleasure. 48. Tale-bearing, violence, treachery, envy, slandering, (unjust) seizure of property, reviling, and assault are the eightfold set (of vices) produced by wrath. 49. That greediness which all wise men declare to be the root even of both these (sets), let him carefully conquer; both sets (of vices) are produced by that. 50. Drinking, dice, women, and hunting, these four (which have been enumerated) in succession, he must know to be the most pernicious in the set that springs from love of pleasure. 51. Doing bodily injury, reviling, and the seizure of property, these three he must know to be the most pernicious in the set produced by wrath. 52. A self-controlled (king) should know that in this set of seven, which prevails everywhere, each 49. ‘ Greediness (lobha) is the root of all (these vices), because (the king) acts in some (of these cases) from a desire for money, and in others from a greediness of sensual pleasures’ (Gov.). 52. Medh., Nand., and K. read 4tmanad instead of 4tmavan, and in that case the translation must be, ‘Let him know that in this set . . each earlier-named vice is more pernicious for him (than...) 224 LAWS OF MANU. VII, 53. earlier-named vice is more abominable (than those named later). 53. (On a comparison) between vice and death, vice is declared to be more pernicious; a vicious man sinks to the nethermost (hell), he who dies, free from vice, ascends to heaven. 54. Let him appoint seven or eight ministers whose ancestors have been royal servants, who are versed in the sciences, heroes skilled in the use of weapons and descended from (noble) families and who have been tried. 55. Even an undertaking easy (in itself) is (sometimes) hard to be accomplished by a single man; how much (harder is it for a king), especially (if he has) no assistant, (to govern) a kingdom which yields great revenues. 56. Let him daily consider with them the ordinary (business, referring to) peace and war, (the four subjects called) sthana, the revenue, the (manner of) protecting (himself and his kingdom), and the sanctification of his gains (by pious gifts).
256. Let him daily consider with them the ordinary (business, referring to) peace and war, (the four subjects called) sthana, the revenue, the (manner of) protecting (himself and his kingdom), and the sanctification of his gains (by pious gifts). 54. Vi. III, 71; Yag%. 1, 311. Labdhalaksh4n, ‘skilled in the use of weapons’ (Kull., Nar.), means according to Medh., Gov., Nand., and R4gh. ‘who fail not in their undertakings.’ Partkshitén (Gov., Kull., and K.), or supartkshitan (Medh., Nar.), ‘ who have been tried,’ i.e. by tempting them in various ways (Medh.), or ‘if they are incorruptible’ (N4r.), or ‘who have been examined by spies’ (Gov.), or ‘who have been bound to fidelity by touching images of the gods, &c.’ (Kull, Ragh.). Nand. reads parikshak4n, ‘who examine (the state-affairs).’ 55. The correct reading is kimu, ‘how much harder’ (Medh., Gov., sec. manu, Nar., Nand., Ragh., K.), instead of the kim tu, ‘but,’ of the editions. 56. YAg%.I,311. Sth&na means according to Gov., Kull., Nar., R4gh. ‘ the army, the treasury, the town, and the kingdom ;’ according to Medh. either that or ‘the loss of his kingdom ;’ according to Nand. ‘halting’ (Asana). VIL, 63. THE KING. 225 57. Having (first) ascertained the opinion of each (minister) separately and (then the views) of all together, let him do what is (most) beneficial for him in his affairs. 58. But with the most distinguished among them all, a learned Br&hmama, let the king deliberate on the most important affairs which relate to the six measures of royal policy. 59. Let him, full of confidence, always entrust to that (official) all business; having taken his final resolution with him, let him afterwards begin to act. 60. He must also appoint other officials, (men) of integrity, (who are) wise, firm, well able to collect money, and well tried. 61. As many persons as the due performance of his business requires, so many skilful and clever (men), free from sloth, let him appoint. 62. Among them let him employ the brave, the skilful, the high-born, and the honest in (offices for the collection of) revenue, (e.g.) in mines, manufactures, and storehouses, (but) the timid in the interior of his palace. 63. Let him also appoint an “ambassador who is versed in all sciences, who understands hints, expressions of the face and gestures, who is honest, skilful, and of (noble) family. 58. Yaen. I, 311. 60. N&r. mentions kulodgatén, ‘ of noble families,’ as a var. lect. for avasthit4n, ‘ firm.’ 62. Vi. III, 18, 21. Medh. refers karmAnta, literally ‘management,’ to ‘sugar-mills, distilleries, and so forth;’ Gov. and Kull, add ‘storehouses of grain ;’ N4r. explains it by ‘ manufactories of ornaments and weapons and so forth.’ It is, however, not impossible that the compound dkarakarmante may mean ‘for superintending. mines and manufactories.’ Akara has very frequently that double meaning. [25] Q 226 LAWS OF MANU. VI, 64.
3explains it by ‘ manufactories of ornaments and weapons and so forth.’ It is, however, not impossible that the compound dkarakarmante may mean ‘for superintending. mines and manufactories.’ Akara has very frequently that double meaning. [25] Q 226 LAWS OF MANU. VI, 64. 64. (Such) an ambassador is commended to a king (who is) loyal, honest, skilful, possessing a good memory, who knows the (proper) place and time (for action, who is) handsome, fearless, and eloquent. 65. The army depends on the official (placed in charge of it), the due control (of the subjects) on the army, the treasury and the (government of) the realm on the king, peace and its opposite (war) on the ambassador. 66. For the ambassador alone makes (kings’) allies and separates allies; the ambassador transacts that business by which (kings) are disunited or not. 67. With respect to the affairs let the (ambassador) explore the expression of the countenance, the gestures and actions of the (foreign king) through the gestures and actions of his confidential (advisers), and (discover) his designs among his servants. 68. Having learnt exactly (from his ambassador) the designs of the foreign king, let (the king) take such measures that he does not bring evil on himself. 64. Anurakta4, ‘loyal’ (Medh., Gov., Ragh.), means according to Kull. ‘who is beloved among the people.’ 66. Instead of bhidyante yena vA na v4, ‘by which (kings) are disunited or not’ (Kull., Ragh.), Medh., Nand., and K. read bhidyante yena m&navak, and Gov. bhidyante yena bandhava4, ‘by which men or relatives are disunited.’ 67. Nigidkengitasesh/itaiA, ‘through the gestures and actions of his confidential (advisers),’ (Kull., Ragh.), means according to Medh. and Gov. ‘by his own hidden gestures and actions,’ or perhaps ‘while suppressing all significant gestures and actions on his own ° part;’ according to Nand. ‘through men who hide their own gestures and actions.’ 68. Medh., Gov. Nand., and Ragh. take the verse differently. ‘Having learnt exactly the designs of the foreign king, (the ambassador) shall take such measures that he does not bring evil on himself (and his master).’ VII, 74. THE KING. 227 69. Let him settle in a country which is open and has a dry climate, where grain is abundant, which is chiefly (inhabited) by Aryans, not subject to epidemic diseases (or similar troubles), and pleasant, where the vassals are obedient and his own (people easily) find their livelihood. 70. Let him build (there) a town, making for his safety a fortress, protected by a desert, or a fortress built of (stone and) earth, or one protected by water or trees, or one (formed by an encampment of armed) men or a hill-fort. 71. Let him make every effort to secure a hillfort, for amongst all those (fortresses mentioned) a hill-fort is distinguished by many superior qualities.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1the Ny4ya, SAamkhya, and so forth, which is useful for obtaining final liberation.’ Medh. too is not certain if Anvikshikf is to be taken by itself, but proposes ‘the science of dialectics which will be useful to him.’ 45-48. Vi. III, 50-51. VII,52,—, THE KING, 223 from love of pleasure, and the eight, proceeding from wrath, which (all) end in misery. 46. For a king who is attached. to the vices springing from love of pleasure, loses his wealth and his virtue, but (he who is given) to those arising from anger, (loses) even his life. 47. Hunting, gambling, sleeping by day, censoriousness, (excess with) women, drunkenness, (an inordinate love for) dancing, singing, and music, and useless travel are the tenfold set (of vices) springing from love of pleasure. 48. Tale-bearing, violence, treachery, envy, slandering, (unjust) seizure of property, reviling, and assault are the eightfold set (of vices) produced by wrath. 49. That greediness which all wise men declare to be the root even of both these (sets), let him carefully conquer; both sets (of vices) are produced by that. 50. Drinking, dice, women, and hunting, these four (which have been enumerated) in succession, he must know to be the most pernicious in the set that springs from love of pleasure. 51. Doing bodily injury, reviling, and the seizure of property, these three he must know to be the most pernicious in the set produced by wrath. 52. A self-controlled (king) should know that in this set of seven, which prevails everywhere, each 49. ‘ Greediness (lobha) is the root of all (these vices), because (the king) acts in some (of these cases) from a desire for money, and in others from a greediness of sensual pleasures’ (Gov.). 52. Medh., Nand., and K. read 4tmanad instead of 4tmavan, and in that case the translation must be, ‘Let him know that in this set . . each earlier-named vice is more pernicious for him (than...) 224 LAWS OF MANU. VII, 53. earlier-named vice is more abominable (than those named later). 53. (On a comparison) between vice and death, vice is declared to be more pernicious; a vicious man sinks to the nethermost (hell), he who dies, free from vice, ascends to heaven. 54. Let him appoint seven or eight ministers whose ancestors have been royal servants, who are versed in the sciences, heroes skilled in the use of weapons and descended from (noble) families and who have been tried. 55. Even an undertaking easy (in itself) is (sometimes) hard to be accomplished by a single man; how much (harder is it for a king), especially (if he has) no assistant, (to govern) a kingdom which yields great revenues. 56. Let him daily consider with them the ordinary (business, referring to) peace and war, (the four subjects called) sthana, the revenue, the (manner of) protecting (himself and his kingdom), and the sanctification of his gains (by pious gifts).
256. Let him daily consider with them the ordinary (business, referring to) peace and war, (the four subjects called) sthana, the revenue, the (manner of) protecting (himself and his kingdom), and the sanctification of his gains (by pious gifts). 54. Vi. III, 71; Yag%. 1, 311. Labdhalaksh4n, ‘skilled in the use of weapons’ (Kull., Nar.), means according to Medh., Gov., Nand., and R4gh. ‘who fail not in their undertakings.’ Partkshitén (Gov., Kull., and K.), or supartkshitan (Medh., Nar.), ‘ who have been tried,’ i.e. by tempting them in various ways (Medh.), or ‘if they are incorruptible’ (N4r.), or ‘who have been examined by spies’ (Gov.), or ‘who have been bound to fidelity by touching images of the gods, &c.’ (Kull, Ragh.). Nand. reads parikshak4n, ‘who examine (the state-affairs).’ 55. The correct reading is kimu, ‘how much harder’ (Medh., Gov., sec. manu, Nar., Nand., Ragh., K.), instead of the kim tu, ‘but,’ of the editions. 56. YAg%.I,311. Sth&na means according to Gov., Kull., Nar., R4gh. ‘ the army, the treasury, the town, and the kingdom ;’ according to Medh. either that or ‘the loss of his kingdom ;’ according to Nand. ‘halting’ (Asana). VIL, 63. THE KING. 225 57. Having (first) ascertained the opinion of each (minister) separately and (then the views) of all together, let him do what is (most) beneficial for him in his affairs. 58. But with the most distinguished among them all, a learned Br&hmama, let the king deliberate on the most important affairs which relate to the six measures of royal policy. 59. Let him, full of confidence, always entrust to that (official) all business; having taken his final resolution with him, let him afterwards begin to act. 60. He must also appoint other officials, (men) of integrity, (who are) wise, firm, well able to collect money, and well tried. 61. As many persons as the due performance of his business requires, so many skilful and clever (men), free from sloth, let him appoint. 62. Among them let him employ the brave, the skilful, the high-born, and the honest in (offices for the collection of) revenue, (e.g.) in mines, manufactures, and storehouses, (but) the timid in the interior of his palace. 63. Let him also appoint an “ambassador who is versed in all sciences, who understands hints, expressions of the face and gestures, who is honest, skilful, and of (noble) family. 58. Yaen. I, 311. 60. N&r. mentions kulodgatén, ‘ of noble families,’ as a var. lect. for avasthit4n, ‘ firm.’ 62. Vi. III, 18, 21. Medh. refers karmAnta, literally ‘management,’ to ‘sugar-mills, distilleries, and so forth;’ Gov. and Kull, add ‘storehouses of grain ;’ N4r. explains it by ‘ manufactories of ornaments and weapons and so forth.’ It is, however, not impossible that the compound dkarakarmante may mean ‘for superintending. mines and manufactories.’ Akara has very frequently that double meaning. [25] Q 226 LAWS OF MANU. VI, 64.
3explains it by ‘ manufactories of ornaments and weapons and so forth.’ It is, however, not impossible that the compound dkarakarmante may mean ‘for superintending. mines and manufactories.’ Akara has very frequently that double meaning. [25] Q 226 LAWS OF MANU. VI, 64. 64. (Such) an ambassador is commended to a king (who is) loyal, honest, skilful, possessing a good memory, who knows the (proper) place and time (for action, who is) handsome, fearless, and eloquent. 65. The army depends on the official (placed in charge of it), the due control (of the subjects) on the army, the treasury and the (government of) the realm on the king, peace and its opposite (war) on the ambassador. 66. For the ambassador alone makes (kings’) allies and separates allies; the ambassador transacts that business by which (kings) are disunited or not. 67. With respect to the affairs let the (ambassador) explore the expression of the countenance, the gestures and actions of the (foreign king) through the gestures and actions of his confidential (advisers), and (discover) his designs among his servants. 68. Having learnt exactly (from his ambassador) the designs of the foreign king, let (the king) take such measures that he does not bring evil on himself. 64. Anurakta4, ‘loyal’ (Medh., Gov., Ragh.), means according to Kull. ‘who is beloved among the people.’ 66. Instead of bhidyante yena vA na v4, ‘by which (kings) are disunited or not’ (Kull., Ragh.), Medh., Nand., and K. read bhidyante yena m&navak, and Gov. bhidyante yena bandhava4, ‘by which men or relatives are disunited.’ 67. Nigidkengitasesh/itaiA, ‘through the gestures and actions of his confidential (advisers),’ (Kull., Ragh.), means according to Medh. and Gov. ‘by his own hidden gestures and actions,’ or perhaps ‘while suppressing all significant gestures and actions on his own ° part;’ according to Nand. ‘through men who hide their own gestures and actions.’ 68. Medh., Gov. Nand., and Ragh. take the verse differently. ‘Having learnt exactly the designs of the foreign king, (the ambassador) shall take such measures that he does not bring evil on himself (and his master).’ VII, 74. THE KING. 227 69. Let him settle in a country which is open and has a dry climate, where grain is abundant, which is chiefly (inhabited) by Aryans, not subject to epidemic diseases (or similar troubles), and pleasant, where the vassals are obedient and his own (people easily) find their livelihood. 70. Let him build (there) a town, making for his safety a fortress, protected by a desert, or a fortress built of (stone and) earth, or one protected by water or trees, or one (formed by an encampment of armed) men or a hill-fort. 71. Let him make every effort to secure a hillfort, for amongst all those (fortresses mentioned) a hill-fort is distinguished by many superior qualities.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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