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1May our friendship, O Agni, our brotherhood with you, the gods, be blessed. This is our navel (i. e. relation) in our seat, in this udder \ M AND ALA IV, HYMN IO. 35 I NOTES. The same Rtshl The metre is stated to be Padapankti (verses 4, 6, 7, Padapankti or Ushmh ; verse 5, Mahapada- pankti ; verse 8, Ushmh) : see on this metre M. M., vol. xxxii, p. xcviii seq. ; H. O., Prolegomena, p. 98 ; Kuhnau, Die TrishAibh-Cagati-Familie, p. 234 seq. — Verse i = SV. I, 434; MS. I, 10, 3. Verses 1-3 = SV. II, 1127-1129 ; VS. XV, 44-46. Verses i~4=TS. IV, 4, 4, 7. Verse 1, 2, 4 = MS. II, 13, 8. Verse 3 = MS. IV, 10, 2. Verse 6 = TS. II, 2, 12, 7; MS. IV, 12, 4. Verse 1. Note 1. The Avasana in this verse ought to stand before hrtdisprisam, not after this word, as the traditional text places it. .Alzdhyama, consequently, cannot be accented. Note 2. Dr. Neisser's opinion on oha is different (Bezzenberger's Beitrage, XVIII, 312). Note 3. I read stomam, which is frequently found as the object of the verb rz'dh, and which in several passages receives the epithet hridisprfo. Verse 3. Note 1. On the syntactical form of this comparison, see Bergaigne, Melanges Renier, p. 95. Verse 6. Note 1. Or rotate, ' shines ' ? Verse 7. Note 1. The Avasana ought to stand before martat. Cf. above, verse 1, note 1. Verse 8. Note 1. Cf. above, IV, 7, 7. The meaning seems to be : in this sacrificial place, where the cows give milk. 352 VEDIC HYMNS. MAiV£>ALA IV, HYMN 11. ASH7AKA III, ADHYAYA 5, VARGA 11. i. Thy auspicious face, O mighty Agni, shines in the neighbourhood of the sun \ Brilliant to see, it is seen even by night. Soft to behold is the food in thy (beautiful) body2. 2. O Agni, disclose (wise) thoughts for him who praises thee ; (disclose) the opening, when thou, O strong-born, hast been praised with trembling. Grant unto us, O very great one, such a rich prayer as thou with all the gods wilt hold dear, O brilliant one. 3. From thee, O Agni, genius is born, from thee (wise) thoughts, from thee beneficent hymns. From thee comes wealth adorned with heroes1 to the thus- minded mortal who worships thee. 4. From thee the racer is born that wins booty, whose energy expands round-about *, the helpful, of true strength ; from thee delightful wealth sent by the gods ; from thee, O Agni, the swift and impetuous horse. 5. Thee, O Agni, the pious mortals seek to win by their prayers as the first, thee the god with agreeable speech, O immortal, who drivest away malice, the household god, the lord of the house, the wise one. 6. (Drive) far from us senselessness and anguish ; (drive) far all ill-will from him whom thou attendest1. Be gracious at evening, Agni, son of strength, to him whom thou, the god, attendest with welfare. MAiVDALA IV, HYMN II. 353 NOTES. The same Rishi. Metre, Trish/ubh. — Verse i=TS. IV, Verse 1. Note 1. Comp. above, IV, 10, 5. rotate up&k£.
2Be gracious at evening, Agni, son of strength, to him whom thou, the god, attendest with welfare. MAiVDALA IV, HYMN II. 353 NOTES. The same Rishi. Metre, Trish/ubh. — Verse i=TS. IV, Verse 1. Note 1. Comp. above, IV, 10, 5. rotate up&k£. Note 2. Literally, 'in thy appearance' (rupe). Thus the Soma is stated, IX, 16, 6, to purify itself rupe avyaye, literally, ' in the appearance of the sheep/ i. e. in the filter made of sheep's hair. Verse 3. "Note 1. See Lanman, p. 560 ; Pischel, Ved. Studien, II, 115. Verse 4. Note 1. On vih£ya^, see V. Henry, Les livres VIII et IX de l'Atharva-v^da (1894), p. 40 (AV. VIII, 2, 7). Verse 6. Note 1. Probably the correct Padapa/^a reading would be, as Prof. Bartholomae (Bezzenberger's Beitrage, XV, 190) has noticed, yam nipasi (cf. Pada d : yam . . . sa^ase). If yat is correct, the translation will be : ' (drive) far all ill- will when thou protectest (us).5 — Bartholomae proposes either to change asmat to asmat, or to interpret it as an equivalent of asmat. It is possible, though in my opinion not very probable, that the text should be changed. The ablative asmat very frequently depends on are. [46] A a 354 VEDIC HYMNS. MAMDALA IV, HYMN 12. ASH7AKA III, ADHYAYA 5, VARGA 12. i. May the man who holds the sacrificial ladle and kindles thee, O Agni, who thrice prepares food for thee on this day, victoriously overcome (his foes) through his lustre, wise through the power of thy mind, O Catavedas. 2 \ He who toiling brings fuel to thee, doing service to thy, the great (god's) face, O Agni, kindling thee at evening and at dawn — he prospers, obtains wealth, and destroys his enemies. 3. Agni is master of mighty royal power1; Agni (is master) of gain, of the highest wealth. He, the youngest, self-dependent (god) in the right way distributes treasures to the mortal worshipper. 4. Whatever sin, O youngest (god), we have committed against thee in thoughtlessness, men as we are 1, make thou us sinless before Aditi ; release us from (every) guilt on all sides, O Agni ! 5. Even from great guilt, O Agni, from the prison of gods and of mortals — let us, thy friends, never be harmed ; grant luck and weal to kith and kin. 61. As you formerly have released, O Vasus, the buffalo cow bound by the foot, O worshipful gods, thus take away from us this distress. May, O Agni, our life be further prolonged. MAiVDALA IV, HYMN 12. 355 NOTES. The same Rishi and metre.— Verse 4=TS. IV, 7, 15, 6; MS. Ill, 16, 5. Verse 5 = MS. IV, 11, 1. Verse 6=TS. IV, 7, 15,7; MS. Ill, 16, 5; IV, 11, 1. Verse 2. Note 1. With the beginning of this verse, comp. above, IV, 2, 6. Verse 3. Note 1. Comp. Roth, Zeitschr. der D. Morg. Ges., XLVIII, 114. Verse 4.
3IV, 7, 15, 6; MS. Ill, 16, 5. Verse 5 = MS. IV, 11, 1. Verse 6=TS. IV, 7, 15,7; MS. Ill, 16, 5; IV, 11, 1. Verse 2. Note 1. With the beginning of this verse, comp. above, IV, 2, 6. Verse 3. Note 1. Comp. Roth, Zeitschr. der D. Morg. Ges., XLVIII, 114. Verse 4. Note 1. Grassmann is right in giving to purushatra the meaning 'unter den Menschen,' and in observing with reference to our passage : ' wo die Bedeutung " nach Menschenweise " (s. purushata) besser passt.' The same is the opinion of Bohtlingk-Roth. No doubt we should read purushata; cf. VII, 57, 4 = X, 15, 6. yat va/i agak purushata karama ; IV, 54, 3. a^itti yat £akrz'ma . . . puru- shatvata. Verse 6. Note 1. This verse is identical with Rig-veda X, 126, 8. a a 2 356 VEDIC HYMNS. MAJVZ7ALA IV, HYMN 13. ASH7AKA III, ADHYAYA 5, VARGA 13. 1. Benevolent Agni has looked on the breaking of the shining dawns, on the bestowal of treasures. Come to the dwelling of the virtuous (mortal), ye A^vins. The god Surya rises with his light. 2. The god Savitrz has sent his light upward1, shaking his banner2 like a warrior who fights for cows 3. Varu/za and Mitra follow the law, when they make the Sun rise on heaven. 3. Him whom (the gods) dwelling in firm peace, and never losing their object, have created for dis- persing the darkness — Him, the Sun, the all-observer, the seven young fallow mares carry forward. 4. With (thy horses) most ready to run thou goest1 forward, spreading out thy web (of light), removing (from the world) the black cloth (of dark- ness), O god. The rays of the Sun have shaken 2 the darkness, and have sunk it into the waters like a hide. 5. Unsupported, unattached, spread out down- wards-turned— how is it that he * does not fall down ? By what power of his does he move ? Who has seen (that)? Erected as the pillar of Heaven he protects the firmament. MA2VDALA IV, HYMN 1 3. 357 NOTES. The same Rtshi and metre. — Verse 4 = TB. II, 4, 5, 4. This hymn and the next evidently form a couple. They have the same number of verses, and are composed in the same metre. They are both addressed to Agni in his matutinal character, or rather to the Ajvins, who are in- voked to partake of the matutinal oblation (13, 1 ; 14, 1. 4). The first verse of 13 is quite similar to that of 14 ; the same may be said of the second verses of the two hymns ; the concluding verse of both is identical. Verse 2. Note 1. Cf. above, IV, 6, 2. Note 2. Cf. Zend drafsha, ' banner.' Note 3. Cf. IV, 40, 2. satva bharisha^ gavisha^. Verse 4. Note 1. The Sun is addressed. Note 2. It is more natural to take davidhvata^ as nom. plur. than as gen. sing. (Ludwig). Verse 5. Note 1. The Sun. 358 VEDIC HYMNS. MAA^ALA IV, HYMN 14. ASHTAKA III, ADHYAYA 5, VARGA 14. 1. Agni Gatavedas, the god, has looked on the dawns that shine with all their might1. Come hither, O Nasatyas 2, wide-ruling (gods), on your chariot to this our sacrifice.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1May our friendship, O Agni, our brotherhood with you, the gods, be blessed. This is our navel (i. e. relation) in our seat, in this udder \ M AND ALA IV, HYMN IO. 35 I NOTES. The same Rtshl The metre is stated to be Padapankti (verses 4, 6, 7, Padapankti or Ushmh ; verse 5, Mahapada- pankti ; verse 8, Ushmh) : see on this metre M. M., vol. xxxii, p. xcviii seq. ; H. O., Prolegomena, p. 98 ; Kuhnau, Die TrishAibh-Cagati-Familie, p. 234 seq. — Verse i = SV. I, 434; MS. I, 10, 3. Verses 1-3 = SV. II, 1127-1129 ; VS. XV, 44-46. Verses i~4=TS. IV, 4, 4, 7. Verse 1, 2, 4 = MS. II, 13, 8. Verse 3 = MS. IV, 10, 2. Verse 6 = TS. II, 2, 12, 7; MS. IV, 12, 4. Verse 1. Note 1. The Avasana in this verse ought to stand before hrtdisprisam, not after this word, as the traditional text places it. .Alzdhyama, consequently, cannot be accented. Note 2. Dr. Neisser's opinion on oha is different (Bezzenberger's Beitrage, XVIII, 312). Note 3. I read stomam, which is frequently found as the object of the verb rz'dh, and which in several passages receives the epithet hridisprfo. Verse 3. Note 1. On the syntactical form of this comparison, see Bergaigne, Melanges Renier, p. 95. Verse 6. Note 1. Or rotate, ' shines ' ? Verse 7. Note 1. The Avasana ought to stand before martat. Cf. above, verse 1, note 1. Verse 8. Note 1. Cf. above, IV, 7, 7. The meaning seems to be : in this sacrificial place, where the cows give milk. 352 VEDIC HYMNS. MAiV£>ALA IV, HYMN 11. ASH7AKA III, ADHYAYA 5, VARGA 11. i. Thy auspicious face, O mighty Agni, shines in the neighbourhood of the sun \ Brilliant to see, it is seen even by night. Soft to behold is the food in thy (beautiful) body2. 2. O Agni, disclose (wise) thoughts for him who praises thee ; (disclose) the opening, when thou, O strong-born, hast been praised with trembling. Grant unto us, O very great one, such a rich prayer as thou with all the gods wilt hold dear, O brilliant one. 3. From thee, O Agni, genius is born, from thee (wise) thoughts, from thee beneficent hymns. From thee comes wealth adorned with heroes1 to the thus- minded mortal who worships thee. 4. From thee the racer is born that wins booty, whose energy expands round-about *, the helpful, of true strength ; from thee delightful wealth sent by the gods ; from thee, O Agni, the swift and impetuous horse. 5. Thee, O Agni, the pious mortals seek to win by their prayers as the first, thee the god with agreeable speech, O immortal, who drivest away malice, the household god, the lord of the house, the wise one. 6. (Drive) far from us senselessness and anguish ; (drive) far all ill-will from him whom thou attendest1. Be gracious at evening, Agni, son of strength, to him whom thou, the god, attendest with welfare. MAiVDALA IV, HYMN II. 353 NOTES. The same Rishi. Metre, Trish/ubh. — Verse i=TS. IV, Verse 1. Note 1. Comp. above, IV, 10, 5. rotate up&k£.
2Be gracious at evening, Agni, son of strength, to him whom thou, the god, attendest with welfare. MAiVDALA IV, HYMN II. 353 NOTES. The same Rishi. Metre, Trish/ubh. — Verse i=TS. IV, Verse 1. Note 1. Comp. above, IV, 10, 5. rotate up&k£. Note 2. Literally, 'in thy appearance' (rupe). Thus the Soma is stated, IX, 16, 6, to purify itself rupe avyaye, literally, ' in the appearance of the sheep/ i. e. in the filter made of sheep's hair. Verse 3. "Note 1. See Lanman, p. 560 ; Pischel, Ved. Studien, II, 115. Verse 4. Note 1. On vih£ya^, see V. Henry, Les livres VIII et IX de l'Atharva-v^da (1894), p. 40 (AV. VIII, 2, 7). Verse 6. Note 1. Probably the correct Padapa/^a reading would be, as Prof. Bartholomae (Bezzenberger's Beitrage, XV, 190) has noticed, yam nipasi (cf. Pada d : yam . . . sa^ase). If yat is correct, the translation will be : ' (drive) far all ill- will when thou protectest (us).5 — Bartholomae proposes either to change asmat to asmat, or to interpret it as an equivalent of asmat. It is possible, though in my opinion not very probable, that the text should be changed. The ablative asmat very frequently depends on are. [46] A a 354 VEDIC HYMNS. MAMDALA IV, HYMN 12. ASH7AKA III, ADHYAYA 5, VARGA 12. i. May the man who holds the sacrificial ladle and kindles thee, O Agni, who thrice prepares food for thee on this day, victoriously overcome (his foes) through his lustre, wise through the power of thy mind, O Catavedas. 2 \ He who toiling brings fuel to thee, doing service to thy, the great (god's) face, O Agni, kindling thee at evening and at dawn — he prospers, obtains wealth, and destroys his enemies. 3. Agni is master of mighty royal power1; Agni (is master) of gain, of the highest wealth. He, the youngest, self-dependent (god) in the right way distributes treasures to the mortal worshipper. 4. Whatever sin, O youngest (god), we have committed against thee in thoughtlessness, men as we are 1, make thou us sinless before Aditi ; release us from (every) guilt on all sides, O Agni ! 5. Even from great guilt, O Agni, from the prison of gods and of mortals — let us, thy friends, never be harmed ; grant luck and weal to kith and kin. 61. As you formerly have released, O Vasus, the buffalo cow bound by the foot, O worshipful gods, thus take away from us this distress. May, O Agni, our life be further prolonged. MAiVDALA IV, HYMN 12. 355 NOTES. The same Rishi and metre.— Verse 4=TS. IV, 7, 15, 6; MS. Ill, 16, 5. Verse 5 = MS. IV, 11, 1. Verse 6=TS. IV, 7, 15,7; MS. Ill, 16, 5; IV, 11, 1. Verse 2. Note 1. With the beginning of this verse, comp. above, IV, 2, 6. Verse 3. Note 1. Comp. Roth, Zeitschr. der D. Morg. Ges., XLVIII, 114. Verse 4.
3IV, 7, 15, 6; MS. Ill, 16, 5. Verse 5 = MS. IV, 11, 1. Verse 6=TS. IV, 7, 15,7; MS. Ill, 16, 5; IV, 11, 1. Verse 2. Note 1. With the beginning of this verse, comp. above, IV, 2, 6. Verse 3. Note 1. Comp. Roth, Zeitschr. der D. Morg. Ges., XLVIII, 114. Verse 4. Note 1. Grassmann is right in giving to purushatra the meaning 'unter den Menschen,' and in observing with reference to our passage : ' wo die Bedeutung " nach Menschenweise " (s. purushata) besser passt.' The same is the opinion of Bohtlingk-Roth. No doubt we should read purushata; cf. VII, 57, 4 = X, 15, 6. yat va/i agak purushata karama ; IV, 54, 3. a^itti yat £akrz'ma . . . puru- shatvata. Verse 6. Note 1. This verse is identical with Rig-veda X, 126, 8. a a 2 356 VEDIC HYMNS. MAJVZ7ALA IV, HYMN 13. ASH7AKA III, ADHYAYA 5, VARGA 13. 1. Benevolent Agni has looked on the breaking of the shining dawns, on the bestowal of treasures. Come to the dwelling of the virtuous (mortal), ye A^vins. The god Surya rises with his light. 2. The god Savitrz has sent his light upward1, shaking his banner2 like a warrior who fights for cows 3. Varu/za and Mitra follow the law, when they make the Sun rise on heaven. 3. Him whom (the gods) dwelling in firm peace, and never losing their object, have created for dis- persing the darkness — Him, the Sun, the all-observer, the seven young fallow mares carry forward. 4. With (thy horses) most ready to run thou goest1 forward, spreading out thy web (of light), removing (from the world) the black cloth (of dark- ness), O god. The rays of the Sun have shaken 2 the darkness, and have sunk it into the waters like a hide. 5. Unsupported, unattached, spread out down- wards-turned— how is it that he * does not fall down ? By what power of his does he move ? Who has seen (that)? Erected as the pillar of Heaven he protects the firmament. MA2VDALA IV, HYMN 1 3. 357 NOTES. The same Rtshi and metre. — Verse 4 = TB. II, 4, 5, 4. This hymn and the next evidently form a couple. They have the same number of verses, and are composed in the same metre. They are both addressed to Agni in his matutinal character, or rather to the Ajvins, who are in- voked to partake of the matutinal oblation (13, 1 ; 14, 1. 4). The first verse of 13 is quite similar to that of 14 ; the same may be said of the second verses of the two hymns ; the concluding verse of both is identical. Verse 2. Note 1. Cf. above, IV, 6, 2. Note 2. Cf. Zend drafsha, ' banner.' Note 3. Cf. IV, 40, 2. satva bharisha^ gavisha^. Verse 4. Note 1. The Sun is addressed. Note 2. It is more natural to take davidhvata^ as nom. plur. than as gen. sing. (Ludwig). Verse 5. Note 1. The Sun. 358 VEDIC HYMNS. MAA^ALA IV, HYMN 14. ASHTAKA III, ADHYAYA 5, VARGA 14. 1. Agni Gatavedas, the god, has looked on the dawns that shine with all their might1. Come hither, O Nasatyas 2, wide-ruling (gods), on your chariot to this our sacrifice.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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