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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1100 seq., and comp. also H. O., Religion des Veda, 357. MANDALA I, HYMN 26. I 3 MAA^ALA I, HYMN 26. ASH7AKA I, ADHYAYA 2, VARGA 20-21. i. Clothe thyself with thy clothing (of light), O sacrificial (god), lord of all vigour; and then perform this worship for us. 2. Sit down, most youthful god, as our desirable Hotrz, through (our prayerful) thoughts \ O Agni, with thy word 2 that goes to heaven. 3. The father verily by sacrificing procures (bless- ings) for the son1, the companion for the companion, the elect friend for the friend. 4. May Vanma, Mitra, Aryaman, triumphant with riches (?) \ sit down on our sacrificial grass as they did on Manu's. 5. O ancient Hotrz', be pleased with this our friendship also, and hear these prayers. 6. For whenever we sacrifice constantly1 to this or to that god, in thee alone the sacrificial food is offered. 7. May he be dear to us, the lord of the clan, the joy-giving, elect Hotrz; may we be dear (to him), possessed of a good Agni (i. e. of good fire). 8. For the gods, when possessed of a good Agni, have given us excellent wealth, and we think our- selves possessed of a good Agni. 9. And may there be among us mutual praises of both the mortals, O immortal one, (and the immortals) \ 10. With all Agnis (i.e. with all thy fires), O Agni, accept this sacrifice and this prayer, O young (son) of strength l. 14 VEDIC HYMNS. NOTES. This hymn, as well as the whole collection to which it belongs, is ascribed to Suna/tsepa Ag-igarti (comp. 24, 12. 13). The metre is Gayatri. Bergaigne (Recherches sur l'histoire de la Sa//zhita, II, 7) divides this hymn into Trikas, with one single verse added at the end. I cannot find sufficient evidence for this ; the appearance in the Sama-veda (II, 967-9) of a Trika composed of the verses 10. 6. 7 of our hymn is rather against Bergaigne' s opinion. Verse 2. Note 1. Manmabhi^ may possibly mean, 'with thy (wise) thoughts;' comp., for instance, III, 11, 8. pari vfjvani sudhita agne^ a^yama manmabhi^, ' may we obtain every bliss through Agni's (wise) thoughts,' or ' may we obtain all the blessings of Agni for our prayers.' Note 2. Va^as stands for va^asa. See the passages collected by Lanman, Noun-Inflection, 562, and comp. Roth, Ueber gewisse Kiirzungen des Wortendes im Veda, 5 ; Joh. Schmidt, Die Pluralbildungen der indogermanischen Neutra, 304 seq. Ludwig also takes va^as as instru- mental. Verse 3. Note 1. Agni is the father, the mortal whose sacrifice he performs, the son. Verse 4.
2Roth, Ueber gewisse Kiirzungen des Wortendes im Veda, 5 ; Joh. Schmidt, Die Pluralbildungen der indogermanischen Neutra, 304 seq. Ludwig also takes va^as as instru- mental. Verse 3. Note 1. Agni is the father, the mortal whose sacrifice he performs, the son. Verse 4. Note 1. Can madas be explained as a compound of ri (Tiefstufe of rai, as gu is the Tiefstufe of gau) and %a'das, from the root ^ad, ' to be triumphant ' ? Prof. Auf- recht (Bezzenberger's Beitrage, XIV, ^ ; see also Neisser, Bezz. Beitr. XIX, 143) connects ri- with the Greek e/n- (kpiKvhris &c.) ; our hypothesis has the advantage of not leaving the limits of Sanskrit. — Comp. M. M.'s note on V, 60, 7 ; Ludwig, Ueber die neuesten Arbeiten auf dem Gebiete der Rig-veda-Forschung (1893), P* 7- MANDALA I, HYMN 26. 1 5 Verse 6. Note 1. On jarvata tand see Lanman, 480, 515, 518. Verse 9. Note 1. The comparison of verse 8 and the expression amr/ta martyanam in the second Pada of this verse seem to show that ubhayesham does not refer to two classes of mortals, the priests and their patrons, but to the mortals and the immortals. A genitive amr/tanam, which would make this meaning quite clear, can easily be supplied. A Dvandva compound amrztamartyanam, which one could feel tempted to conjecture, would have, in my opinion, too modern a character. — Prof. Max Miiller writes: ' I should prefer amrzta martyanam, not exactly as a com- pound, but as standing for amr/tanam martyanam. This seems to be Ludwigs opinion too.' Verse 10. Note 1. In the translation of sahasa^ yaho I follow Geldner, Kuhn's Zeitschrift, XXVIII, 195 ; Lud wig's trans- lation is similar. 1 6 VEDIC HYMNS. MAiVX>ALA I, HYMN 27. ASH7AKA I, ADHYAYA 2, VARGA 22-24. A. i. With reverence I shall worship thee who art long-tailed like a horse, Agni, the king of worship. 2. May he, our son of strength 1, proceeding on his broad way, the propitious, become bountiful to us. 3. Thus protect us always, thou who hast a full life, from the mortal who seeks to do us harm 1> whether near or afar. 4. And mayest thou, O Agni, announce to the gods this our newest efficient Gayatra song. 5. Let us partake of all booty that is highest and that is middle (i. e. that dwells in the highest and in the middle world) ; help us to the wealth that is nearest. 6. O god with bright splendour, thou art the distributor. Thou instantly flowest for the liberal giver in the wave of the river, near at hand. B. 7. The mortal, O Agni, whom thou protectest in battles, whom thou speedest in the races1, he will command constant nourishment : 8. Whosoever he may be, no one will overtake him, O conqueror (Agni) ! His strength2 is glorious. 9. May he (the man), known among all tribes3, win the race with his horses ; may he with the help of his priests become a gainer. MANDALA I, HYMN 2J. I J 10. O Gar&bodha1! Accomplish this (task) for every house2: a beautiful song of praise for wor- shipful Rudra3.
3His strength2 is glorious. 9. May he (the man), known among all tribes3, win the race with his horses ; may he with the help of his priests become a gainer. MANDALA I, HYMN 2J. I J 10. O Gar&bodha1! Accomplish this (task) for every house2: a beautiful song of praise for wor- shipful Rudra3. ii. May he, the great, the immeasurable, the smoke-bannered, rich in splendour, incite us to (pious) thoughts and to strength. 12. May he hear us, like the rich lord of a clan, the banner of the gods, on behalf of our hymns, Agni with bright light. 13. Reverence to the great ones, reverence to the lesser ones ! Reverence to the young, reverence to the old1 ! Let us sacrifice to the gods, if we can. May I not, O gods, fall as a victim to the curse of my better2. NOTES. The hymn is ascribed to 5una^epa (see note on I, 26). The metre is Gayatri ; the last verse is Trish/ubh. The laws of arrangement of the Sa^hita show that this hymn, which has thirteen verses and follows after a hymn of ten verses belonging to the same deity, must be divided into a number of minor hymns. On the question of this division some further light is thrown by the metre. The first six verses and then again the verses 10-12 are composed in the trochaic form of the Gayatri metre ; of the verses 7-9, on the other hand, not a single Pada shows the characteristics of that metre. I believe, therefore, that the verses 1-6 form one hymn by themselves, or possibly two hymns of three verses each. Then follow two hymns : verses 7-9, 10-12. As to verse 13, which is composed in a different metre, it is difficult to determine its exact nature. It may be a later addition : though in that case [46] C 1 8 VEDIC HYMNS. we shall hardly be able to explain why it was placed at the end of the hymns addressed to Agni, to which god it contains no reference whatever. Or it may form part of the hymn 10-12 : in that case we should have to consider this whole hymn, which would then violate the rules of arrangement, as an addition to the original collection. We may add that the Sama-veda gives the first twelve verses of this Sukta so as to form four independent hymns : 1-3 = sv. 11, 984-6; 4. 6. 5 = sv. 11, 847-9 ; 7-9 = sv. II, 765-7; 10-12 = SV. II, 1013-15. Besides, verse 1 is found in SV. I, 17. Verse 4 = SV. I, 28 ; TAr. IV, it, 8. Verse 7 = VS. VI, 29 ; TS. I, 3, 13, 2 ; MS. I, 3, 1. Verse 10 = SV. 1, 15. Comp. Bergaigne, Recherches sur Thistoire de la Sa^hita, II, pp. 7-8 ; H. O., Prolegomena, 225-226. Verse 2. Note 1. It requires a stronger belief in the infallibility ofVedic text tradition than I possess, not to change j-avasa into ^avasa^. I do not think that I, 62, 9 (sanemi sakhyam svapasyamana^ sunlit dadhara ^avasa sudamsak) furnishes a sufficient argument against this conjecture. Verse 3.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1100 seq., and comp. also H. O., Religion des Veda, 357. MANDALA I, HYMN 26. I 3 MAA^ALA I, HYMN 26. ASH7AKA I, ADHYAYA 2, VARGA 20-21. i. Clothe thyself with thy clothing (of light), O sacrificial (god), lord of all vigour; and then perform this worship for us. 2. Sit down, most youthful god, as our desirable Hotrz, through (our prayerful) thoughts \ O Agni, with thy word 2 that goes to heaven. 3. The father verily by sacrificing procures (bless- ings) for the son1, the companion for the companion, the elect friend for the friend. 4. May Vanma, Mitra, Aryaman, triumphant with riches (?) \ sit down on our sacrificial grass as they did on Manu's. 5. O ancient Hotrz', be pleased with this our friendship also, and hear these prayers. 6. For whenever we sacrifice constantly1 to this or to that god, in thee alone the sacrificial food is offered. 7. May he be dear to us, the lord of the clan, the joy-giving, elect Hotrz; may we be dear (to him), possessed of a good Agni (i. e. of good fire). 8. For the gods, when possessed of a good Agni, have given us excellent wealth, and we think our- selves possessed of a good Agni. 9. And may there be among us mutual praises of both the mortals, O immortal one, (and the immortals) \ 10. With all Agnis (i.e. with all thy fires), O Agni, accept this sacrifice and this prayer, O young (son) of strength l. 14 VEDIC HYMNS. NOTES. This hymn, as well as the whole collection to which it belongs, is ascribed to Suna/tsepa Ag-igarti (comp. 24, 12. 13). The metre is Gayatri. Bergaigne (Recherches sur l'histoire de la Sa//zhita, II, 7) divides this hymn into Trikas, with one single verse added at the end. I cannot find sufficient evidence for this ; the appearance in the Sama-veda (II, 967-9) of a Trika composed of the verses 10. 6. 7 of our hymn is rather against Bergaigne' s opinion. Verse 2. Note 1. Manmabhi^ may possibly mean, 'with thy (wise) thoughts;' comp., for instance, III, 11, 8. pari vfjvani sudhita agne^ a^yama manmabhi^, ' may we obtain every bliss through Agni's (wise) thoughts,' or ' may we obtain all the blessings of Agni for our prayers.' Note 2. Va^as stands for va^asa. See the passages collected by Lanman, Noun-Inflection, 562, and comp. Roth, Ueber gewisse Kiirzungen des Wortendes im Veda, 5 ; Joh. Schmidt, Die Pluralbildungen der indogermanischen Neutra, 304 seq. Ludwig also takes va^as as instru- mental. Verse 3. Note 1. Agni is the father, the mortal whose sacrifice he performs, the son. Verse 4.
2Roth, Ueber gewisse Kiirzungen des Wortendes im Veda, 5 ; Joh. Schmidt, Die Pluralbildungen der indogermanischen Neutra, 304 seq. Ludwig also takes va^as as instru- mental. Verse 3. Note 1. Agni is the father, the mortal whose sacrifice he performs, the son. Verse 4. Note 1. Can madas be explained as a compound of ri (Tiefstufe of rai, as gu is the Tiefstufe of gau) and %a'das, from the root ^ad, ' to be triumphant ' ? Prof. Auf- recht (Bezzenberger's Beitrage, XIV, ^ ; see also Neisser, Bezz. Beitr. XIX, 143) connects ri- with the Greek e/n- (kpiKvhris &c.) ; our hypothesis has the advantage of not leaving the limits of Sanskrit. — Comp. M. M.'s note on V, 60, 7 ; Ludwig, Ueber die neuesten Arbeiten auf dem Gebiete der Rig-veda-Forschung (1893), P* 7- MANDALA I, HYMN 26. 1 5 Verse 6. Note 1. On jarvata tand see Lanman, 480, 515, 518. Verse 9. Note 1. The comparison of verse 8 and the expression amr/ta martyanam in the second Pada of this verse seem to show that ubhayesham does not refer to two classes of mortals, the priests and their patrons, but to the mortals and the immortals. A genitive amr/tanam, which would make this meaning quite clear, can easily be supplied. A Dvandva compound amrztamartyanam, which one could feel tempted to conjecture, would have, in my opinion, too modern a character. — Prof. Max Miiller writes: ' I should prefer amrzta martyanam, not exactly as a com- pound, but as standing for amr/tanam martyanam. This seems to be Ludwigs opinion too.' Verse 10. Note 1. In the translation of sahasa^ yaho I follow Geldner, Kuhn's Zeitschrift, XXVIII, 195 ; Lud wig's trans- lation is similar. 1 6 VEDIC HYMNS. MAiVX>ALA I, HYMN 27. ASH7AKA I, ADHYAYA 2, VARGA 22-24. A. i. With reverence I shall worship thee who art long-tailed like a horse, Agni, the king of worship. 2. May he, our son of strength 1, proceeding on his broad way, the propitious, become bountiful to us. 3. Thus protect us always, thou who hast a full life, from the mortal who seeks to do us harm 1> whether near or afar. 4. And mayest thou, O Agni, announce to the gods this our newest efficient Gayatra song. 5. Let us partake of all booty that is highest and that is middle (i. e. that dwells in the highest and in the middle world) ; help us to the wealth that is nearest. 6. O god with bright splendour, thou art the distributor. Thou instantly flowest for the liberal giver in the wave of the river, near at hand. B. 7. The mortal, O Agni, whom thou protectest in battles, whom thou speedest in the races1, he will command constant nourishment : 8. Whosoever he may be, no one will overtake him, O conqueror (Agni) ! His strength2 is glorious. 9. May he (the man), known among all tribes3, win the race with his horses ; may he with the help of his priests become a gainer. MANDALA I, HYMN 2J. I J 10. O Gar&bodha1! Accomplish this (task) for every house2: a beautiful song of praise for wor- shipful Rudra3.
3His strength2 is glorious. 9. May he (the man), known among all tribes3, win the race with his horses ; may he with the help of his priests become a gainer. MANDALA I, HYMN 2J. I J 10. O Gar&bodha1! Accomplish this (task) for every house2: a beautiful song of praise for wor- shipful Rudra3. ii. May he, the great, the immeasurable, the smoke-bannered, rich in splendour, incite us to (pious) thoughts and to strength. 12. May he hear us, like the rich lord of a clan, the banner of the gods, on behalf of our hymns, Agni with bright light. 13. Reverence to the great ones, reverence to the lesser ones ! Reverence to the young, reverence to the old1 ! Let us sacrifice to the gods, if we can. May I not, O gods, fall as a victim to the curse of my better2. NOTES. The hymn is ascribed to 5una^epa (see note on I, 26). The metre is Gayatri ; the last verse is Trish/ubh. The laws of arrangement of the Sa^hita show that this hymn, which has thirteen verses and follows after a hymn of ten verses belonging to the same deity, must be divided into a number of minor hymns. On the question of this division some further light is thrown by the metre. The first six verses and then again the verses 10-12 are composed in the trochaic form of the Gayatri metre ; of the verses 7-9, on the other hand, not a single Pada shows the characteristics of that metre. I believe, therefore, that the verses 1-6 form one hymn by themselves, or possibly two hymns of three verses each. Then follow two hymns : verses 7-9, 10-12. As to verse 13, which is composed in a different metre, it is difficult to determine its exact nature. It may be a later addition : though in that case [46] C 1 8 VEDIC HYMNS. we shall hardly be able to explain why it was placed at the end of the hymns addressed to Agni, to which god it contains no reference whatever. Or it may form part of the hymn 10-12 : in that case we should have to consider this whole hymn, which would then violate the rules of arrangement, as an addition to the original collection. We may add that the Sama-veda gives the first twelve verses of this Sukta so as to form four independent hymns : 1-3 = sv. 11, 984-6; 4. 6. 5 = sv. 11, 847-9 ; 7-9 = sv. II, 765-7; 10-12 = SV. II, 1013-15. Besides, verse 1 is found in SV. I, 17. Verse 4 = SV. I, 28 ; TAr. IV, it, 8. Verse 7 = VS. VI, 29 ; TS. I, 3, 13, 2 ; MS. I, 3, 1. Verse 10 = SV. 1, 15. Comp. Bergaigne, Recherches sur Thistoire de la Sa^hita, II, pp. 7-8 ; H. O., Prolegomena, 225-226. Verse 2. Note 1. It requires a stronger belief in the infallibility ofVedic text tradition than I possess, not to change j-avasa into ^avasa^. I do not think that I, 62, 9 (sanemi sakhyam svapasyamana^ sunlit dadhara ^avasa sudamsak) furnishes a sufficient argument against this conjecture. Verse 3.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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