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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
111. About three things through which mankind become sinful and injuring their own property, and the possession of them is not to be taken away. 12. About ¢hose who may not inflict lawful chastisement with oppressive demeanour. 13. About that which a man is to be made to provide in feasting and gifts, for 42s store of good works, on his wife bringing forth. 14. How it is when he is a man of wisdom, azd how it is when he zs a disciple ; how it is when 7¢ zs a male birth, and how it is when z¢ zs a female. 15. The advantage CHAPTER XXXI, 6—22. 10! and benefit therefrom ; the religious announcement of a name for the #ew-born, should it be a male, or should it be a female; the good work owing to the decision of a religious appointment of a name for the progeny, [and the sin]! owing to giving again to it a name of the idolators (dévtyast4n). 16. About the ritual and usage in admitting the male to a sheep, owing to which the male is a gratifier of the impregnated female nature, and a protection of the female nature; and the want of training axd freedom from defect of the progeny; a proper condition of the flock, too, arises likewise through worshipping the sacred beings azd providing the sacred feast; also aéout the shepherd's dog and the blessing for him. 17. About the regard of the shepherd for the breeding of the sheep. 18. About the work of the ceremonial and of providing the sacred feast, and the advantage for the sheep from the same cause. 19. About the Mazda-worshipping district-breeding ofthe dogs in a district, through providing careful nurture for the dogs, which is a good work owing to the same cause. 20. About the object of payment for teaching the Zéti duty, for the guardianship of the fire, for the publication and watching of worship, axd for other labour, and whatever is on the same subject. 21. About the lawful guardianship of a child, the child who is lamp-light and the father who is the fire, and whatever is on the same subject. 22. About sickness owing to the look of an evil eye, or the vicinity of a menstruous woman, because those 1 Here, again, the repairer of the manuscript has forgotten to note the words in brackets which he had cut out of the folio before patching it. 102 DINKARD, BOOK VIII.° with an evil eye, ov menstruous, are thereby harmful. 23. About what is the kind of watching for the admitters of fear; the fearful and whatever is on the same subject. 24. And that in case of descending from a house on the outside. 25. About lawful arrangements for supplies, in union and assistance one towards the other; about payment for the labour in the lawful arrangement ; and whatever is on the same subject. 26. About the produce of property for the multitude, azd that also for one’s own association; that is, how it is when taking z¢ authorisedly, and how it is when not doing so; and whatever is on the same subject.
226. About the produce of property for the multitude, azd that also for one’s own association; that is, how it is when taking z¢ authorisedly, and how it is when not doing so; and whatever is on the same subject. 27. The special generosity of judges in conveying property back to zés owners; the advantage from just judges, amd the harm from unjust sentencing and false decisions. 28. So, also, the advantage from truly demanding, truly answering, azd assisting the just; the enmity and harm from falsely demanding, falsely investigating, and assisting a false demander and false investigation ; dz¢ not the enmity and secret harm of a complaint of the wretched. 29. Advice to judges about just decision and abstinence from false decision; and, secondly, the reward of their just decision, azd the awful bridge judgment of false decision; the accountability in the spiritual exzstence in the case of judges, the praise of truth and contempt of falsity, the gratification of the sacred beings and vexation of the demons from just judgment and turning away from false decision, and whatever is on the same subject. 30. About what place the appointment by Atharmazd in the original creation brought the corn éo}, * According to Bd. X, 1, XIV, 1, XXVII, 2, fifty-five species of CHAPTER XXXI, 23-39. 103 which arrived for use in the nourishment azd assistance of mankind and animals; the sowing of corn from the bodies of Mashya azd Mashyéi!; and whatever is on the same subject. 31. About the labour in sowing and cultivating corn, azd whatever is in the business of agriculturists ; perseverance in agriculture, and the limit of its allotment, owing tosuitable participation and inevitable participation zz agriculture; whatever is about the shepherd and whatever is about the agriculturist, and the adjudication between them. 32. About the corn which is sown, that which is reaped, that which is for an increase (pavan nad-aé), and that which is for other things. 33. About the excitement of any one, owing to his blood. 34. About those kinds of ownership of land and other things that are best. 35. About him who sees some one conducting water for cultivation, when the person unauthorisedly sows the land of the observer who does not dispute about it with fearlessness and effectual resistance. 36. About the selling of supplies granted, which may be done in hunger, nakedness, and fear; azd whatever is on the same subject. 37. About the supremacy of sin, both that which arises on the spot, and that at a distance (pavan hAsar); and whatever is on the same subject. 38. About the atonableness of every sin, and the bridge judgment for destroying a righteous man, for witchcraft, and for carrying evil (agth) to fire and water. 39. About atonement for the sin of Yat, Bézat, grain sprang up originally where the primeval ox passed away; a statement which does not agree with that hinted at in this section. 1 See Chap. XIII, 1. 104 DiNKARD, BOOK VIII.
339. About atonement for the sin of Yat, Bézat, grain sprang up originally where the primeval ox passed away; a statement which does not agree with that hinted at in this section. 1 See Chap. XIII, 1. 104 DiNKARD, BOOK VIII. Khér, Aredads, Avédtrist, Agérept 1 and giving no food, through giving of scars (pisang-das)*, labour, and punishment; the kinds of horse-whip and scourge, and how the penitential effect of both avzses. 40. When a sinner dies outright on account of the penalty of giving of scars, or the performance of the labour, or the exertion of effecting the penance of punishment, azd when a man has died penitent, du¢ incapable of a desire ® for the retribution of sin, and has not atoned in the worldly exzstence, what the nature of his soul’s helplessness is, owing to sin. 41. About those for whom there {s no retribution for sin. 1 These six names are applied to the various grades of assault and wounding, for which a special scale of punishment is appointed (see Sls. I, 1,2, XI, x, 2, XVI, 1,5). Here the list begins at the most heinous end of the scale, and the last three names, which refer to the lightest offences, have been already explained in Chaps. XIX,1n, XX, 64n. The first three names are explained in Farh. Otm, pp. 36, 1. 7-37, 1. 2, as follows :—‘ For whatever reaches the source of life the name is Khér ; one explains Bésat as “ smiting,” and YAt as “ going to,” though it be possible for the soul of man to be withstanding; and a counterstroke is the penalty for a Yat when it Aas been so much away from the abode of life.’ These six gradations of crime, therefore, range from the infliction of the nearest possible approximation to a fatal wound, down to the merely constructive assault of seizing a weapon. All authorities agree in estimating the relative heinousness of the, first four crimes by the following numbers: 180, 90, 60, and 30; but regarding the amounts for the two lighter offences there is much difference of statement. In the old law of the Vendidad there are seven gradations of such crime, the lowest four corresponding in name with the lowest four here, and all punishable by lashes, with a horse-whip, or scourge, varying from five to two hundred in number, according to the heinousness of the offence and the number of times it has been committed. ? By scourging, as prescribed in the Vendfdad. ® Owing to sickness, or any other disabling cause. CHAPTER XXXI, 40—-XXXIII, I. 105
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
111. About three things through which mankind become sinful and injuring their own property, and the possession of them is not to be taken away. 12. About ¢hose who may not inflict lawful chastisement with oppressive demeanour. 13. About that which a man is to be made to provide in feasting and gifts, for 42s store of good works, on his wife bringing forth. 14. How it is when he is a man of wisdom, azd how it is when he zs a disciple ; how it is when 7¢ zs a male birth, and how it is when z¢ zs a female. 15. The advantage CHAPTER XXXI, 6—22. 10! and benefit therefrom ; the religious announcement of a name for the #ew-born, should it be a male, or should it be a female; the good work owing to the decision of a religious appointment of a name for the progeny, [and the sin]! owing to giving again to it a name of the idolators (dévtyast4n). 16. About the ritual and usage in admitting the male to a sheep, owing to which the male is a gratifier of the impregnated female nature, and a protection of the female nature; and the want of training axd freedom from defect of the progeny; a proper condition of the flock, too, arises likewise through worshipping the sacred beings azd providing the sacred feast; also aéout the shepherd's dog and the blessing for him. 17. About the regard of the shepherd for the breeding of the sheep. 18. About the work of the ceremonial and of providing the sacred feast, and the advantage for the sheep from the same cause. 19. About the Mazda-worshipping district-breeding ofthe dogs in a district, through providing careful nurture for the dogs, which is a good work owing to the same cause. 20. About the object of payment for teaching the Zéti duty, for the guardianship of the fire, for the publication and watching of worship, axd for other labour, and whatever is on the same subject. 21. About the lawful guardianship of a child, the child who is lamp-light and the father who is the fire, and whatever is on the same subject. 22. About sickness owing to the look of an evil eye, or the vicinity of a menstruous woman, because those 1 Here, again, the repairer of the manuscript has forgotten to note the words in brackets which he had cut out of the folio before patching it. 102 DINKARD, BOOK VIII.° with an evil eye, ov menstruous, are thereby harmful. 23. About what is the kind of watching for the admitters of fear; the fearful and whatever is on the same subject. 24. And that in case of descending from a house on the outside. 25. About lawful arrangements for supplies, in union and assistance one towards the other; about payment for the labour in the lawful arrangement ; and whatever is on the same subject. 26. About the produce of property for the multitude, azd that also for one’s own association; that is, how it is when taking z¢ authorisedly, and how it is when not doing so; and whatever is on the same subject.
226. About the produce of property for the multitude, azd that also for one’s own association; that is, how it is when taking z¢ authorisedly, and how it is when not doing so; and whatever is on the same subject. 27. The special generosity of judges in conveying property back to zés owners; the advantage from just judges, amd the harm from unjust sentencing and false decisions. 28. So, also, the advantage from truly demanding, truly answering, azd assisting the just; the enmity and harm from falsely demanding, falsely investigating, and assisting a false demander and false investigation ; dz¢ not the enmity and secret harm of a complaint of the wretched. 29. Advice to judges about just decision and abstinence from false decision; and, secondly, the reward of their just decision, azd the awful bridge judgment of false decision; the accountability in the spiritual exzstence in the case of judges, the praise of truth and contempt of falsity, the gratification of the sacred beings and vexation of the demons from just judgment and turning away from false decision, and whatever is on the same subject. 30. About what place the appointment by Atharmazd in the original creation brought the corn éo}, * According to Bd. X, 1, XIV, 1, XXVII, 2, fifty-five species of CHAPTER XXXI, 23-39. 103 which arrived for use in the nourishment azd assistance of mankind and animals; the sowing of corn from the bodies of Mashya azd Mashyéi!; and whatever is on the same subject. 31. About the labour in sowing and cultivating corn, azd whatever is in the business of agriculturists ; perseverance in agriculture, and the limit of its allotment, owing tosuitable participation and inevitable participation zz agriculture; whatever is about the shepherd and whatever is about the agriculturist, and the adjudication between them. 32. About the corn which is sown, that which is reaped, that which is for an increase (pavan nad-aé), and that which is for other things. 33. About the excitement of any one, owing to his blood. 34. About those kinds of ownership of land and other things that are best. 35. About him who sees some one conducting water for cultivation, when the person unauthorisedly sows the land of the observer who does not dispute about it with fearlessness and effectual resistance. 36. About the selling of supplies granted, which may be done in hunger, nakedness, and fear; azd whatever is on the same subject. 37. About the supremacy of sin, both that which arises on the spot, and that at a distance (pavan hAsar); and whatever is on the same subject. 38. About the atonableness of every sin, and the bridge judgment for destroying a righteous man, for witchcraft, and for carrying evil (agth) to fire and water. 39. About atonement for the sin of Yat, Bézat, grain sprang up originally where the primeval ox passed away; a statement which does not agree with that hinted at in this section. 1 See Chap. XIII, 1. 104 DiNKARD, BOOK VIII.
339. About atonement for the sin of Yat, Bézat, grain sprang up originally where the primeval ox passed away; a statement which does not agree with that hinted at in this section. 1 See Chap. XIII, 1. 104 DiNKARD, BOOK VIII. Khér, Aredads, Avédtrist, Agérept 1 and giving no food, through giving of scars (pisang-das)*, labour, and punishment; the kinds of horse-whip and scourge, and how the penitential effect of both avzses. 40. When a sinner dies outright on account of the penalty of giving of scars, or the performance of the labour, or the exertion of effecting the penance of punishment, azd when a man has died penitent, du¢ incapable of a desire ® for the retribution of sin, and has not atoned in the worldly exzstence, what the nature of his soul’s helplessness is, owing to sin. 41. About those for whom there {s no retribution for sin. 1 These six names are applied to the various grades of assault and wounding, for which a special scale of punishment is appointed (see Sls. I, 1,2, XI, x, 2, XVI, 1,5). Here the list begins at the most heinous end of the scale, and the last three names, which refer to the lightest offences, have been already explained in Chaps. XIX,1n, XX, 64n. The first three names are explained in Farh. Otm, pp. 36, 1. 7-37, 1. 2, as follows :—‘ For whatever reaches the source of life the name is Khér ; one explains Bésat as “ smiting,” and YAt as “ going to,” though it be possible for the soul of man to be withstanding; and a counterstroke is the penalty for a Yat when it Aas been so much away from the abode of life.’ These six gradations of crime, therefore, range from the infliction of the nearest possible approximation to a fatal wound, down to the merely constructive assault of seizing a weapon. All authorities agree in estimating the relative heinousness of the, first four crimes by the following numbers: 180, 90, 60, and 30; but regarding the amounts for the two lighter offences there is much difference of statement. In the old law of the Vendidad there are seven gradations of such crime, the lowest four corresponding in name with the lowest four here, and all punishable by lashes, with a horse-whip, or scourge, varying from five to two hundred in number, according to the heinousness of the offence and the number of times it has been committed. ? By scourging, as prescribed in the Vendfdad. ® Owing to sickness, or any other disabling cause. CHAPTER XXXI, 40—-XXXIII, I. 105
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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