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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1VIII, Chap. XI, 1, 2) appears to be still extant in the Vistasp Yast, 1-44; but the remainder of that Yast does not correspond with the description of the latter half of the Nask. XI. Vastac Nask 2. No quotation from this Nask has yet been noticed, XII. AirrapAp Nask®’. Dk. VIII, Chap. XIII, 10, probably refers to the passage that contained the statement thus quoted in Sls. X, 28 :—‘ Even so it is revealed in the Attradéd that Spendaymad spoke to M4nds’Athar thus: “ Even the swiftest horse requires the whip, the sharpest ’ As half this Nask consists of the Vistésp Yt. 1-44, which contains about 1,100 Avesta and 3,600 Pahlavi words, the contents of the whole Nask may be estimated at about 2,200 Avesta and 7,200 Pahlavi words. ® As there is no account of this Nask in Dk. VIII, we can only guess that its extent was about the average length of the other GAthic Nasks, or about 8,900 words of Avesta text and 18,400 of Pahlavi version. 8 The short account of this Nask, in Dk. VIII, contains 396 Pahlavi words, which may be guessed to represent the same proportion of Pahlavi version as in Nasks VI, VIII, the accounts of which are also short. And, as this is a Legal Nask, it may be assumed that the proportion of Avesta text to Pahlavi version would be the same as in the other Legal Nasks, which is the proportion still extant in the Nirangistan section of Nask XVII. Based upon these assumptions, the probable extent of the Xitradad would be about 2,600 words of Avesta text and 23,400 of Pahlavi version. EXTANT FRAGMENTS, 469 steel knife requires the whetstone, and the wisest man requires counsel.”’ XIII. Spenp Nask}. Dk. VIII, Chap. XIV, 1, probably refers to the passage that contained the statement thus quoted in Sls. X, 4, XII, 11 :—‘ /¢ ts revealed in the Spend that fowards Dikdav, the mother of Zaratdst, when she was pregnant with Zaratdst, every night for three nights a leader with a hundred and fifty demons rushed (07 came) for the destruction of Zaratist, yet, owing to the existence of the fire in the dwelling, they knew no means of accomplishing 2.’ Dk. VIII, Chap. XIV, 8, probably refers to the passage that contained the statement alluded to in AV. XXXII and thus quoted in Sls. XII, 29 :-— ‘As in the Spend z# was shown to Zaratist about one man, that all 4s limbs were in torment, duz¢ one foot was outside ; amd Zaratist enquired of Afharmazd about the cause of zt; and Afhaymazd said that he was a man, Davdns? éy name; he was a ruler over thirty-three districts, and no good work was ever practised by him, except one time when fodder was conveyed by him to a sheep with that one foot.’
2éy name; he was a ruler over thirty-three districts, and no good work was ever practised by him, except one time when fodder was conveyed by him to a sheep with that one foot.’ ? The short account of this Nask, in Dk. VIII, contains 347 Pahlavi words, which would represent about 20,500 words of Pahlavi version, according to the proportion guessed in the case of Nask XII. But, this being a Gathic Nask, the proportion of Avesta to Pahlavi ought to be that calculated for the Gathic Nasks I, I, UI, XXI, which would give about 9,900 words of Avesta text for this Nask. The seventh book of the Dinkard, whose contents are very similar to those attributed to the Spend Nask, contains about 16,000 Pahlavi words. 2 A personification of the Av. davas of Yas. XXXI, 10, 4790 EXTANT FRAGMENTS, No allusion to the following two passages, quoted from the Spend, has been noticed in Dk. VIII, Chap. XIV :— In Sls. XII, 3, it is said that ‘in the Spend 7¢ is revealed that a fire, when they shall make it quite clean from its chilled charcoal, Aas as much comfort as a man whose clothing they shall make clean.’ In Sls. XII, 15, it is said that ‘in the Spend and Nihaddm the high-priests Zave taught that the duty and good works which a son performs become as much the father’s as though they had been done by his own hand.’ XIV. BaxAn-yast Nask}, No allusion to the following three passages, quoted from this Nask, could be expected in the very short account of it, given in Dk. VIII, Chap. XV; and they can hardly be traced, with any certainty, in the Avesta texts of the Yasts themselves :— It is just possible that a commentary on Yt. I, 17 may have contained the Av.-Pahl. passage thus quoted in Vig.? pp. 160, 161 :—‘ By the Avesta of ? The account of this Nask in Dk. VIII, though very short, is a fair description of the extant Yasts I-XX, and their general character is also indicated by the name of the Nask, which means ‘the worship of the divinities. The extent of these Yasts may be estimated at about 22,000 words of Avesta text, and, from the Pahlavi versions of the few Yasts that still possess one, it may be calculated that about 44,000 words of Pahlavi version would have been required for the whole collection. * Vigirkard-i Dinik, ed. Peshotan, Bombay, 1848; printed in Pahlavi type from a copy, transcribed in 1754, from an Iranian MS. written in 1240, which the transcriber found in the Modt library at Surat. The Avesta quotations are here transliterated without any attempt at amendment. EXTANT FRAGMENTS. 471 the Baghdn-yast z¢ is declared : Yad aété y6é mazdayasné aperendydké avi hé hapta saredha fragaséiti, stehr-paésanghéd aiwyaunghané paitis hé maidhyéi badgyamané, avi hé nara paséaiti nemanghenti: Whoever of those Mazda-worshippers is a child who attains unto the age of seven years, and ties the thread-girdle on his waist, upon that man there is thenceforth the maintenance of the obeisances.’
3A Pahlavi commentary on Yt. VI, 2 may have formerly contained the passage thus mentioned in Sls. XII, 17 :—‘ As in the B4g-yasné notice is given about the uncleanness of well-water at night.’ Perhaps one of the five Yasts, XI, XII, XIII, XV, XVIII, respectively dedicated to Srésh, Rashna, the guardian spirits, the good Vaé, and Astad—the sacred beings specially propitiated by the ceremonies after a death—may have included a commentary containing the passage thus quoted in Vig. pp. 157- 158, about the necessity of appointing some one to provide such ceremonies for a man who dies without a son, and to administer his estate :—‘ By the Avesta of the Bagdn-yast z¢ is declared: Yézi naré pazéadasanghé saredhé irtraithy4d avi hé urvanem bigyanem thray6 ayara uzayarana rathw6é hazgamanem fragasdid, dad hé aputhra anghad puthra fradadhaiti yathaéa nara irista vispanim avaretanam shaétavaitandm avi hé frazainztim fragasdid, paséaiti nemanguhaiti baoidhyéitaéa urvasnayau.’ XV. NixAp(dm Nask}. Dk. VIII, Chap. XVIII, 3, refers to the passage which, no doubt, contained the statement thus quoted ' The very long account of this Nask, in Dk. VIII, contains 472 EXTANT FRAGMENTS. in Farh. Otm, pp. 6, 1. 11-7, 1. 13 :—‘ Aédha is the skin of the head, and there is paré of it which is large and fart which is small, as it says in the Nihadim:—“ Kaya hemti masyanghdéd aédha, which are those parts with the larger skin? Y6 aparaya paiti mastraghnaya, whatever is behind the skull; (Afarg' said, from the ear backwards). Kaya kasyanghé, which are those with the smaller ? Y6 paouruya paiti mastraghnaya, whatever is before the skull? Vaghdhanem is the head, aad one says nars vaghdhanen, dc., this is: Sinful are they who penetrate (stmbénd) a man’s head, astem aévé mastravanadm, or one bone of the skull; vispaza yé mastraghn4am améAsta, all those are to be smitten who ave penetrated into the skull, and to be given up as outcast; Avardé-kithandm * aéteé anyé &ikayat6é, the penalties of a Khér® sez chastise those who Aurt¢ other farts, (such as the brain which is in the skull of the head, and the marrow of the other members ¢hat are to be mentioned, just as it mentions this :—Sinful are they who strike through the bone, or flesh, or marrow of a leg, and every one of those is to be smitten who strikes 4,876 Pahlavi words, from which the extent of its original text may be estimated (in the same way as in the case of Nask XVII) at about 62,600 Avesta and 562,900 Pahlavi words. 1 One of the old commentators whose statements are frequently quoted in the Pahlavi versions of the Avesta. The reading of his name and the age in which he lived are alike uncertain, but he appears to have been one of the earliest commentators whose opinions now survive. * Perhaps the quotation ends at this point; but Dk. VIII, Chap. XVIII, 3, is equally applicable to what follows. ®> Tandpfhar, see Dk. VIII, Chap. XX, 65. * So in K2o. ® See Dk. VIII, Chap. XXXI, 39. EXTANT FRAGMENTS. 473
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1VIII, Chap. XI, 1, 2) appears to be still extant in the Vistasp Yast, 1-44; but the remainder of that Yast does not correspond with the description of the latter half of the Nask. XI. Vastac Nask 2. No quotation from this Nask has yet been noticed, XII. AirrapAp Nask®’. Dk. VIII, Chap. XIII, 10, probably refers to the passage that contained the statement thus quoted in Sls. X, 28 :—‘ Even so it is revealed in the Attradéd that Spendaymad spoke to M4nds’Athar thus: “ Even the swiftest horse requires the whip, the sharpest ’ As half this Nask consists of the Vistésp Yt. 1-44, which contains about 1,100 Avesta and 3,600 Pahlavi words, the contents of the whole Nask may be estimated at about 2,200 Avesta and 7,200 Pahlavi words. ® As there is no account of this Nask in Dk. VIII, we can only guess that its extent was about the average length of the other GAthic Nasks, or about 8,900 words of Avesta text and 18,400 of Pahlavi version. 8 The short account of this Nask, in Dk. VIII, contains 396 Pahlavi words, which may be guessed to represent the same proportion of Pahlavi version as in Nasks VI, VIII, the accounts of which are also short. And, as this is a Legal Nask, it may be assumed that the proportion of Avesta text to Pahlavi version would be the same as in the other Legal Nasks, which is the proportion still extant in the Nirangistan section of Nask XVII. Based upon these assumptions, the probable extent of the Xitradad would be about 2,600 words of Avesta text and 23,400 of Pahlavi version. EXTANT FRAGMENTS, 469 steel knife requires the whetstone, and the wisest man requires counsel.”’ XIII. Spenp Nask}. Dk. VIII, Chap. XIV, 1, probably refers to the passage that contained the statement thus quoted in Sls. X, 4, XII, 11 :—‘ /¢ ts revealed in the Spend that fowards Dikdav, the mother of Zaratdst, when she was pregnant with Zaratdst, every night for three nights a leader with a hundred and fifty demons rushed (07 came) for the destruction of Zaratist, yet, owing to the existence of the fire in the dwelling, they knew no means of accomplishing 2.’ Dk. VIII, Chap. XIV, 8, probably refers to the passage that contained the statement alluded to in AV. XXXII and thus quoted in Sls. XII, 29 :-— ‘As in the Spend z# was shown to Zaratist about one man, that all 4s limbs were in torment, duz¢ one foot was outside ; amd Zaratist enquired of Afharmazd about the cause of zt; and Afhaymazd said that he was a man, Davdns? éy name; he was a ruler over thirty-three districts, and no good work was ever practised by him, except one time when fodder was conveyed by him to a sheep with that one foot.’
2éy name; he was a ruler over thirty-three districts, and no good work was ever practised by him, except one time when fodder was conveyed by him to a sheep with that one foot.’ ? The short account of this Nask, in Dk. VIII, contains 347 Pahlavi words, which would represent about 20,500 words of Pahlavi version, according to the proportion guessed in the case of Nask XII. But, this being a Gathic Nask, the proportion of Avesta to Pahlavi ought to be that calculated for the Gathic Nasks I, I, UI, XXI, which would give about 9,900 words of Avesta text for this Nask. The seventh book of the Dinkard, whose contents are very similar to those attributed to the Spend Nask, contains about 16,000 Pahlavi words. 2 A personification of the Av. davas of Yas. XXXI, 10, 4790 EXTANT FRAGMENTS, No allusion to the following two passages, quoted from the Spend, has been noticed in Dk. VIII, Chap. XIV :— In Sls. XII, 3, it is said that ‘in the Spend 7¢ is revealed that a fire, when they shall make it quite clean from its chilled charcoal, Aas as much comfort as a man whose clothing they shall make clean.’ In Sls. XII, 15, it is said that ‘in the Spend and Nihaddm the high-priests Zave taught that the duty and good works which a son performs become as much the father’s as though they had been done by his own hand.’ XIV. BaxAn-yast Nask}, No allusion to the following three passages, quoted from this Nask, could be expected in the very short account of it, given in Dk. VIII, Chap. XV; and they can hardly be traced, with any certainty, in the Avesta texts of the Yasts themselves :— It is just possible that a commentary on Yt. I, 17 may have contained the Av.-Pahl. passage thus quoted in Vig.? pp. 160, 161 :—‘ By the Avesta of ? The account of this Nask in Dk. VIII, though very short, is a fair description of the extant Yasts I-XX, and their general character is also indicated by the name of the Nask, which means ‘the worship of the divinities. The extent of these Yasts may be estimated at about 22,000 words of Avesta text, and, from the Pahlavi versions of the few Yasts that still possess one, it may be calculated that about 44,000 words of Pahlavi version would have been required for the whole collection. * Vigirkard-i Dinik, ed. Peshotan, Bombay, 1848; printed in Pahlavi type from a copy, transcribed in 1754, from an Iranian MS. written in 1240, which the transcriber found in the Modt library at Surat. The Avesta quotations are here transliterated without any attempt at amendment. EXTANT FRAGMENTS. 471 the Baghdn-yast z¢ is declared : Yad aété y6é mazdayasné aperendydké avi hé hapta saredha fragaséiti, stehr-paésanghéd aiwyaunghané paitis hé maidhyéi badgyamané, avi hé nara paséaiti nemanghenti: Whoever of those Mazda-worshippers is a child who attains unto the age of seven years, and ties the thread-girdle on his waist, upon that man there is thenceforth the maintenance of the obeisances.’
3A Pahlavi commentary on Yt. VI, 2 may have formerly contained the passage thus mentioned in Sls. XII, 17 :—‘ As in the B4g-yasné notice is given about the uncleanness of well-water at night.’ Perhaps one of the five Yasts, XI, XII, XIII, XV, XVIII, respectively dedicated to Srésh, Rashna, the guardian spirits, the good Vaé, and Astad—the sacred beings specially propitiated by the ceremonies after a death—may have included a commentary containing the passage thus quoted in Vig. pp. 157- 158, about the necessity of appointing some one to provide such ceremonies for a man who dies without a son, and to administer his estate :—‘ By the Avesta of the Bagdn-yast z¢ is declared: Yézi naré pazéadasanghé saredhé irtraithy4d avi hé urvanem bigyanem thray6 ayara uzayarana rathw6é hazgamanem fragasdid, dad hé aputhra anghad puthra fradadhaiti yathaéa nara irista vispanim avaretanam shaétavaitandm avi hé frazainztim fragasdid, paséaiti nemanguhaiti baoidhyéitaéa urvasnayau.’ XV. NixAp(dm Nask}. Dk. VIII, Chap. XVIII, 3, refers to the passage which, no doubt, contained the statement thus quoted ' The very long account of this Nask, in Dk. VIII, contains 472 EXTANT FRAGMENTS. in Farh. Otm, pp. 6, 1. 11-7, 1. 13 :—‘ Aédha is the skin of the head, and there is paré of it which is large and fart which is small, as it says in the Nihadim:—“ Kaya hemti masyanghdéd aédha, which are those parts with the larger skin? Y6 aparaya paiti mastraghnaya, whatever is behind the skull; (Afarg' said, from the ear backwards). Kaya kasyanghé, which are those with the smaller ? Y6 paouruya paiti mastraghnaya, whatever is before the skull? Vaghdhanem is the head, aad one says nars vaghdhanen, dc., this is: Sinful are they who penetrate (stmbénd) a man’s head, astem aévé mastravanadm, or one bone of the skull; vispaza yé mastraghn4am améAsta, all those are to be smitten who ave penetrated into the skull, and to be given up as outcast; Avardé-kithandm * aéteé anyé &ikayat6é, the penalties of a Khér® sez chastise those who Aurt¢ other farts, (such as the brain which is in the skull of the head, and the marrow of the other members ¢hat are to be mentioned, just as it mentions this :—Sinful are they who strike through the bone, or flesh, or marrow of a leg, and every one of those is to be smitten who strikes 4,876 Pahlavi words, from which the extent of its original text may be estimated (in the same way as in the case of Nask XVII) at about 62,600 Avesta and 562,900 Pahlavi words. 1 One of the old commentators whose statements are frequently quoted in the Pahlavi versions of the Avesta. The reading of his name and the age in which he lived are alike uncertain, but he appears to have been one of the earliest commentators whose opinions now survive. * Perhaps the quotation ends at this point; but Dk. VIII, Chap. XVIII, 3, is equally applicable to what follows. ®> Tandpfhar, see Dk. VIII, Chap. XX, 65. * So in K2o. ® See Dk. VIII, Chap. XXXI, 39. EXTANT FRAGMENTS. 473
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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