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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1As it is, most of the offensive effluvium in the immediate vicinity of a Dakhma arises not from direct contamination of the air, but indirectly through the ground, which becomes polluted, in the course of time, by impure filtrations. 1 Dastir Jamaspji prefers reading patéshak, and thinks it means ‘necessity,’ as in cases where two deaths occur nearly simultaneously in the same house, when both corpses cannot be removed the same day. Such a meaning might suit this passage, but the word occurs again, in § 33 and Chap. IX, 7, where it can refer only to ‘contamination, and the etymology of padvishak (Av. paiti + vish) is plain enough. 7 That is, when two persons cannot be found to carry a corpse, one can do it alone, provided he holds a dog by a string. This course is adopted, Dastfir Jam4spji says, when a person happens to die in a place where only one Parsi is available. CHAPTER I, 8-11. 249 matter ', or a man, with a woman or a child of eight years old, is proper. g. It is not to be carried all covered up’, for that is burying the corpse; to carry z¢ in the rain is worthy of death®. 10. When clouds have been around‘, it is allowable to carry z¢ away from the house; and when rain sets in upon the road it is not allowable to carry z¢ back to the house; é#¢ when it is before a veranda (d4hliz) oxe should put z¢ down there; that is allowable when he who owns the veranda is apprehensive, azd when he does not allow z¢ inside; and, afterwards, it is to be carried away to its place, and when the water stands the height of a javelin (ntzak) inside 5, ove puts 2¢ down and brings 7¢ away yet again. 11. Médék-mah® says that there should be a shelter (var)’ ove should 1 In the terms avf-dasht4né and avt-nas4f the compound av is written in an obsolete manner, both in M6 and K2o, The meaning of the text is that either or both of the corpse-carriers may be any Parsi man, woman, or child who understands the proper precautions. Compare Pahl. Vend. VIII, 28. * K2o0 has ‘ when curved it is not to be carried.’ ’ That is, it is a mortal sin to allow rain to fall upon a corpse before it is deposited in the Dakhma. * Or ‘withheld,’ or ‘continuous,’ according as we compare hamfn with Pers. 4mfin (4man), am4n, or h4m4n. 5 Inside the Dakhma apparently. The meaning seems to be, that when the Dakhma is flooded the corpse is to be laid down in some dry place in its vicinity until the flood has abated. But according to Pahl. Vend. VIII, 17, it is allowable to throw the corpse in when the Dakhma is full of water. ® See Chaps. I, 3, II, 1. Here, again, the quotation must be from his complete commentary, as it is not extant in the present Pahlavi Vendidad. 7 From Av. var, ‘to cover, to shelter ;’ compare Pers. gullah, ‘a bower or shed.’ Nowadays the Parsis have a permanent shelter near the Dakhma. Pahl, Vend. VIII, 17 says, ‘to carry 250 SHAYAST LA-SHAYAST.
27 From Av. var, ‘to cover, to shelter ;’ compare Pers. gullah, ‘a bower or shed.’ Nowadays the Parsis have a permanent shelter near the Dakhma. Pahl, Vend. VIII, 17 says, ‘to carry 250 SHAYAST LA-SHAYAST. fasten above that place, azd it would make 7¢ dry below!; one should place the corpse under that shelter, and they may take the shelter and bring z¢ away. 12. From the fifth fargard of the Vendidad of Médék-m4h? they state thus, that at the place where one’s life goes forth, when he shall die upon a cloth, and a hair or a limb remains upon the bedplace and the ground’, the ground conveys the pollution, even not originating with z¢se/f (ahambanié), in like manner down unto the water‘. 13. And when he ts on a bedstead, and z¢s legs are not connected with the ground, when a hair or a limb remains behind on the bedstead, it does not convey ¢he follutton down. 14. When he shall die on a plastered floor the plaster is polluted, and when they dig up that plaster and spread z¢ again afterwards, it is clean. 15. When he shall die on a stone, and the stone is connected with the ground, the stone will become clean, along with the ground, in the length of a year; and when they dig up the place, the stone deing polluted is to be washed at the time. 16. When a stone is connected with the ground, or is separated, and oxe shall die upon it, so much space of the stone as the corpse occupied is polluted; an umbrella (avargash) from behind, or to hold up a shelter, is of no use.’ 1 Or, ‘it would make ## very dry,’ if we read avtr, ‘very,’ instead of agtr, ‘below ;’ these two words being written alike in Pahlavi. * Quoting again from his lost commentary. * Or, perhaps, ‘ floor.’ ‘ This translation is somewhat doubtful, but the text seems to imply that the ground is polluted as deep as it contains no water. ® K2o has had, ‘ the stone is all polluted, and will become clean at the time when they dig :¥ up, the stone is all polluted, in so ‘CHAPTER II, 12-19. 251 when they shall leave it, in the length of a year it will become clean a/ong with the ground; and when they dig z¢ up, the stone is all polluted, amd is to be washed at the time; when the stone is not made even with the ground, above the ground the stone is all polluted, azd is to be washed at the time. 17. Dung-fuel avd ashes, when the limbs of a menstruous woman come upon them, are both polluted ; and the salt and lime for washing her shift (kartak-shai) are ¢o de treated just like stone’.
317. Dung-fuel avd ashes, when the limbs of a menstruous woman come upon them, are both polluted ; and the salt and lime for washing her shift (kartak-shai) are ¢o de treated just like stone’. 18, If one shall die on a terrace roof (ban)?, when one of his limbs, or a hair, remains behind at the edge of the roof, the roof is polluted for the size of the body as far as the water; and they should carry down all the sacred twigs (baresém) ® in the house, from the place where the pollution is, until there are thirty steps of three feet‘ to the sacred twigs, so that the sacred twigs may not be polluted; and when his hair or limb has not come to the eaves (parak4n) the roof is polluted to the bottom (téhtk). 19. And when ove shall die on a rita® z¢ is polluted much space as the corpse occupied 7 ¢s polluted;’ but the additional matter seems to be struck out. Something analogous to the details in this paragraph will be found in Pahl. Vend. VI, 9. 1 This section would be more appropriate in Chap. III. ? Or ‘an upper floor;’ Pahl. Vend. VI, 9 has, ‘when he shall die on an upper floor, when nothing of him remains behind at the partitions (pardak4n), the floor is polluted as far as the balcony (4skQp) and the balcony alone is clean; when anything of him remains behind at the partitions, the floor is polluted as far as the balcony, the ground is polluted as far as the water, abou/ the balcony alone it is not clear,’ * See note on Chap. III, 32. ‘ The g4m, ‘step,’ being 2 feet 71 inches (see note on Bund. XXVI, 3) these thirty steps are about 79 English feet. ® Meaning uncertain; the word looks like Huzvaris, but it is possible to read rid-aé instead of rfta-1. 252 SHAYAST LA-SHAYAST. for the size of the body as far as the water; z# the length of a year it will become clean along with the ground, 20. A built bridge is “adé/e just like a terrace roof. 21. When one shall die on the terrace roof of a trellised apartment (varam), that is also fiable just like a terrace roof. 22. When he shall die in a trellised apartment, when one of his limbs, or a hair, does not remain on the borders (parak4n), it does not convey the pollution down, but when azy of him remains behind it conveys z¢ down; it is allowable when they dig z¢ up?, and ove also spreads 2¢ again afterwards, and 7¢ is clean. 23. When one shall die by strangulation and a rope in a crowd, when ¢here is no fear of his falling down they should not carry 42m down; and when there is a fear of his falling down, when that fear is as regards one side of him, they should carry 42m down on that side; and when he has fallen down they should carry 42m down zm such place as he has fallen. 24. When one is seated upright azd shall die, when ¢here is fear of his falling on one side they should carry 47m down on that one side, and when there is fear on all four sides, ¢/ex on all four sides ; and when 4e has fallen down they should carry Azm down zz such place as he has fallen *.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1As it is, most of the offensive effluvium in the immediate vicinity of a Dakhma arises not from direct contamination of the air, but indirectly through the ground, which becomes polluted, in the course of time, by impure filtrations. 1 Dastir Jamaspji prefers reading patéshak, and thinks it means ‘necessity,’ as in cases where two deaths occur nearly simultaneously in the same house, when both corpses cannot be removed the same day. Such a meaning might suit this passage, but the word occurs again, in § 33 and Chap. IX, 7, where it can refer only to ‘contamination, and the etymology of padvishak (Av. paiti + vish) is plain enough. 7 That is, when two persons cannot be found to carry a corpse, one can do it alone, provided he holds a dog by a string. This course is adopted, Dastfir Jam4spji says, when a person happens to die in a place where only one Parsi is available. CHAPTER I, 8-11. 249 matter ', or a man, with a woman or a child of eight years old, is proper. g. It is not to be carried all covered up’, for that is burying the corpse; to carry z¢ in the rain is worthy of death®. 10. When clouds have been around‘, it is allowable to carry z¢ away from the house; and when rain sets in upon the road it is not allowable to carry z¢ back to the house; é#¢ when it is before a veranda (d4hliz) oxe should put z¢ down there; that is allowable when he who owns the veranda is apprehensive, azd when he does not allow z¢ inside; and, afterwards, it is to be carried away to its place, and when the water stands the height of a javelin (ntzak) inside 5, ove puts 2¢ down and brings 7¢ away yet again. 11. Médék-mah® says that there should be a shelter (var)’ ove should 1 In the terms avf-dasht4né and avt-nas4f the compound av is written in an obsolete manner, both in M6 and K2o, The meaning of the text is that either or both of the corpse-carriers may be any Parsi man, woman, or child who understands the proper precautions. Compare Pahl. Vend. VIII, 28. * K2o0 has ‘ when curved it is not to be carried.’ ’ That is, it is a mortal sin to allow rain to fall upon a corpse before it is deposited in the Dakhma. * Or ‘withheld,’ or ‘continuous,’ according as we compare hamfn with Pers. 4mfin (4man), am4n, or h4m4n. 5 Inside the Dakhma apparently. The meaning seems to be, that when the Dakhma is flooded the corpse is to be laid down in some dry place in its vicinity until the flood has abated. But according to Pahl. Vend. VIII, 17, it is allowable to throw the corpse in when the Dakhma is full of water. ® See Chaps. I, 3, II, 1. Here, again, the quotation must be from his complete commentary, as it is not extant in the present Pahlavi Vendidad. 7 From Av. var, ‘to cover, to shelter ;’ compare Pers. gullah, ‘a bower or shed.’ Nowadays the Parsis have a permanent shelter near the Dakhma. Pahl, Vend. VIII, 17 says, ‘to carry 250 SHAYAST LA-SHAYAST.
27 From Av. var, ‘to cover, to shelter ;’ compare Pers. gullah, ‘a bower or shed.’ Nowadays the Parsis have a permanent shelter near the Dakhma. Pahl, Vend. VIII, 17 says, ‘to carry 250 SHAYAST LA-SHAYAST. fasten above that place, azd it would make 7¢ dry below!; one should place the corpse under that shelter, and they may take the shelter and bring z¢ away. 12. From the fifth fargard of the Vendidad of Médék-m4h? they state thus, that at the place where one’s life goes forth, when he shall die upon a cloth, and a hair or a limb remains upon the bedplace and the ground’, the ground conveys the pollution, even not originating with z¢se/f (ahambanié), in like manner down unto the water‘. 13. And when he ts on a bedstead, and z¢s legs are not connected with the ground, when a hair or a limb remains behind on the bedstead, it does not convey ¢he follutton down. 14. When he shall die on a plastered floor the plaster is polluted, and when they dig up that plaster and spread z¢ again afterwards, it is clean. 15. When he shall die on a stone, and the stone is connected with the ground, the stone will become clean, along with the ground, in the length of a year; and when they dig up the place, the stone deing polluted is to be washed at the time. 16. When a stone is connected with the ground, or is separated, and oxe shall die upon it, so much space of the stone as the corpse occupied is polluted; an umbrella (avargash) from behind, or to hold up a shelter, is of no use.’ 1 Or, ‘it would make ## very dry,’ if we read avtr, ‘very,’ instead of agtr, ‘below ;’ these two words being written alike in Pahlavi. * Quoting again from his lost commentary. * Or, perhaps, ‘ floor.’ ‘ This translation is somewhat doubtful, but the text seems to imply that the ground is polluted as deep as it contains no water. ® K2o has had, ‘ the stone is all polluted, and will become clean at the time when they dig :¥ up, the stone is all polluted, in so ‘CHAPTER II, 12-19. 251 when they shall leave it, in the length of a year it will become clean a/ong with the ground; and when they dig z¢ up, the stone is all polluted, amd is to be washed at the time; when the stone is not made even with the ground, above the ground the stone is all polluted, azd is to be washed at the time. 17. Dung-fuel avd ashes, when the limbs of a menstruous woman come upon them, are both polluted ; and the salt and lime for washing her shift (kartak-shai) are ¢o de treated just like stone’.
317. Dung-fuel avd ashes, when the limbs of a menstruous woman come upon them, are both polluted ; and the salt and lime for washing her shift (kartak-shai) are ¢o de treated just like stone’. 18, If one shall die on a terrace roof (ban)?, when one of his limbs, or a hair, remains behind at the edge of the roof, the roof is polluted for the size of the body as far as the water; and they should carry down all the sacred twigs (baresém) ® in the house, from the place where the pollution is, until there are thirty steps of three feet‘ to the sacred twigs, so that the sacred twigs may not be polluted; and when his hair or limb has not come to the eaves (parak4n) the roof is polluted to the bottom (téhtk). 19. And when ove shall die on a rita® z¢ is polluted much space as the corpse occupied 7 ¢s polluted;’ but the additional matter seems to be struck out. Something analogous to the details in this paragraph will be found in Pahl. Vend. VI, 9. 1 This section would be more appropriate in Chap. III. ? Or ‘an upper floor;’ Pahl. Vend. VI, 9 has, ‘when he shall die on an upper floor, when nothing of him remains behind at the partitions (pardak4n), the floor is polluted as far as the balcony (4skQp) and the balcony alone is clean; when anything of him remains behind at the partitions, the floor is polluted as far as the balcony, the ground is polluted as far as the water, abou/ the balcony alone it is not clear,’ * See note on Chap. III, 32. ‘ The g4m, ‘step,’ being 2 feet 71 inches (see note on Bund. XXVI, 3) these thirty steps are about 79 English feet. ® Meaning uncertain; the word looks like Huzvaris, but it is possible to read rid-aé instead of rfta-1. 252 SHAYAST LA-SHAYAST. for the size of the body as far as the water; z# the length of a year it will become clean along with the ground, 20. A built bridge is “adé/e just like a terrace roof. 21. When one shall die on the terrace roof of a trellised apartment (varam), that is also fiable just like a terrace roof. 22. When he shall die in a trellised apartment, when one of his limbs, or a hair, does not remain on the borders (parak4n), it does not convey the pollution down, but when azy of him remains behind it conveys z¢ down; it is allowable when they dig z¢ up?, and ove also spreads 2¢ again afterwards, and 7¢ is clean. 23. When one shall die by strangulation and a rope in a crowd, when ¢here is no fear of his falling down they should not carry 42m down; and when there is a fear of his falling down, when that fear is as regards one side of him, they should carry 42m down on that side; and when he has fallen down they should carry 42m down zm such place as he has fallen. 24. When one is seated upright azd shall die, when ¢here is fear of his falling on one side they should carry 47m down on that one side, and when there is fear on all four sides, ¢/ex on all four sides ; and when 4e has fallen down they should carry Azm down zz such place as he has fallen *.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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