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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
144. Their ringleaders (kam4rik4n) are those seven planets, the head and tail of Gésihar, and Mdspar * 1 Compare Mkh. XL, 24-28: ‘The one wish that Hérmezd, the lord, desires from men is this, that “ye shall understand me (Hérmezd), since every one who shall understand me comes after me, and strives for my satisfaction.” And the one wish that Aharman desires from men is this, that “ye shall not understand me (Aharman), since whoever shall understand me wicked, Azs actions proceed not after me, and, moreover, no advantage and friendship come to me from that man.”’ ? The sentence is rather obscure, but it seems to imply that such cries keep the evil spirit at a distance ; it is, however, just possible that it means that the cry of the evil spirit can be heard as far as such cries. * Av. Kunda of Vend. XI, 28, 36, XIX, 138. ‘ TD has Gék-Aihar and Mfs-parik here, but see Chap. V, 1, where these beings are included among the seven planetary leaders, and not counted in addition to them. This is another inconsistency which leads to the suspicion that this contjnuation of the chapter may have been written by a later hand. According to this later view, the sun and moon must be included among those malevolent orbs, the planets. [5] I 114 BUNDAHIS. provided with a tail, whzchk are ten. 45. And by them these ten worldly creations, ¢hat is, the sky, water, earth, vegetation, animals, metals, wind, light, fire, and mankind, are corrupted with all this vileness; and from them calamity, captivity, disease, death, and other evils and corruptions ever come to water, vegetation, and the other creations which exist 2 the world, owing to the fiendishness of those ten. 46. They whom I save enumerated are furnished with the assistance and crafty (afzarhémand) nature of Aharman. 47. Regarding the cold, dry, stony, and dark interior of mysterious (tartk dén afrag-pédak) hell it says, that the darkness is fit to grasp with the hand’, and the stench is fit to cut with a knife ; and if they inflict the punishment of a thousand men within a single span, they (the men) think in this way, that they are alone; amd the loneliness is worse than its punishment?. 48. And its connection (band) is with the seven planets, be it through much cold like Saturn® (Kév4n), be it through much heat like Aharman; and their food is brimstone (gandak), and of succulents the lizard (vazagh), and other evil azd wretchedness (paty4n).] ' Compare Mkh. VII, 31: ‘and always their darkness is suchlike as though it be possible to grasp with the hand.’ 2 Compare Arda-Viraf-namak (LIV, 5-8): ‘As close as the ear to the eye, and as many as the hairs on the mane of a horse, so close and many in number, the souls of the wicked stand, but they see not, and hear no sound, one from the other; every one thinks thus, “I am alone.”’ 3 Or, ‘with more cold than Saturn.’ CHAPTER XXVIII, 45—XXIX, 2. 115 CuapTterR XXIX1,
2115 CuapTterR XXIX1, 1. On [the sfzxztual chieftainship® of the regions of the earth] it says in revelation, that every one of those six chieftainships® has one sfzvztual chief; as the chief of Arzah is Ashashagahad-é Hvandhin’, the chief of Savah is Hoazarédathhri-hana Paréstyar65, the chief of Fradadafsh is Spitdéid-i Adspésinan °, [the chief of Vidadafsh is Afriz-rasp Atispésinan’,] the chief of Vérdbarst is Huvdsp’, the chief of Vérdgarst is Kakhravak®. 2. Zaratdst is 1 For this chapter, which is numbered XXX by previous translators, we have to depend only on K2o and TD (see the note on the heading of Chap. XXVIII); and the words enclosed in brackets are supplied from TD, being either illegible or omitted in K2o. * Perhaps ‘patriarchate’ or ‘episcopate’ would be a better translation of radih, and ‘ patriarch’ or ‘bishop’ of rad, in this chapter, as the chief high-priest (dastQr-i dastQran) and his office are evidently meant by these words. ® Of the six other regions, distinct from this one of Khvantiras, see Chap. XI, 2-4. * TD has Ashashfg,hd-é atgh Névandan ; both MSS. giving these names in a barbarous Pazand form which cannot be relied on. Perhaps this DastOr is the Av. Ashavanghu Bivandangha of Fravardin Yt. rro. 5 TD has Héazar6kakhhr-hané Paréstyré, all in P&azand in both MSS., except Huz. han4, which stands for P4z. é, here used for the idhafat i. Perhaps this Dast@r is the Av. Garé-danghu Pairistira of Fravardin Yt. 110. * So in TD; Kzo has P&z. Spaitanid-i Husp4sny&n. This DastOr is, no doubt, the Av. (gen.) Spitéis Uspisnaos of Fravardin Yt. rar. 7 Omitted in K2o, but, no doubt, this Dastfr is the Av. Erezrfspa Uspasnu of Fravardin Yt. rar. ® Av. Hvaspa of Fravardin Yt. 122. ® So in both MSS. As in the case of each of the preceding two pair of regions, two consecutive names of Dastfirs have been taken from the Fravardin Yast, it may be supposed that the names I2 116 BUNDAHIs, spiritual chief of the region of Khvantras, and also of all the regions; he zs chief of the world of the righteous, and it is said that the whole religion was received by them from Zaratist}. 3. In the region of Khvaniras are many places, from which, in this evil time of violent struggling with the adversary, a passage (vidarg) is constructed by the power of the spiritual world (matndédkth), and one calls them the beaten tracks * of Khvantras. 4. Counterparts of those other regions® are such places as Kangdez, the land of Saukavast4n, the plain of the Arabs (Taztk4n), the plain of Pésydnsai, the river Naivtak‘, Atran-vég, the enclosure (var) formed by Yim, azd Kasmir in India’. 5. And one immortal chief acts in the government of each taken for this third pair of regions will also be consecutive, and this Dastfr must, therefore, be identified with the Av. Xathwaraspa of Fravardin Yt. 122.
35. And one immortal chief acts in the government of each taken for this third pair of regions will also be consecutive, and this Dastfr must, therefore, be identified with the Av. Xathwaraspa of Fravardin Yt. 122. 1 TD has ‘ Zaratfst is chief of this region of Khvaniras, and also of the whole world of the righteous; all chieftainship, also, is from Zaratist, so that the whole religion,’ &c. 2 Justi has ‘ zones, climates ;’ but transcribing Paz. habavanha back into Pahlavi we have a word which may be read khabanoha, pl. of khab4n, ‘a trampling-place’ (comp. Pers. khabidan), TD has khvabfsné-g4s, which has the same meaning. ® Meaning, probably, that they resemble the six smaller regions in being isolated and difficult of access; in other words, either mythical, or independent of Iranian rule. “ Soin TD, which also omits the second, third, and fourth of these isolated territories. In K2o we might read rad va khfidak, ‘chief and lord,’ as an epithet of Afran-vég. This river must be the Nahvték of Chap. XXI, 6. 5 Reading Kasmir-i andar Hind@, but TD has Kasmfr-i andarfind; perhaps the last word was originally anfranak, in which case we should read ‘the non-Iranian Kasmir.’ CHAPTER XXIX, 3-5. 117 of them; as it says, that Péshydétanfi! sox of Vistasp, whom they call Aitré-main6é?, is in the country of Kangdez*; Aghrérad* son of Pashang is in the land of Saukavast4n®, and they call him Gépatshah*; Parsadgi? H/vembya is in the plain of 1 The Av. Peshdtanu of Visht4ésp Yt. 4, where he is described as free from disease and death. TD has Péshydk-tanf. See also Chaps. XXXI, 29, XXXII, 5. * TD has Xitrd-m46n6, and it may be doubted whether the latter portion of the name be derived from Av. mainyu, ‘spirit,’ or maunghé, ‘moon.’ The Dadistén-i Dintk (Reply 89) calls him ‘ Patshaydtand who is called from the Xitr6k-m4hané6 (or mfy4n6),’ the Katru-mfy4n river of Chap. XX, 7, 31. ® See § 10. TD has Kangdez-i bamfk, ‘Kangdez the splendid.’ ‘ The Av. Aghraératha Narava of Gés Yt. 18, 22, Fravardin Yt. 131, Ashi Yt. 38, Zamyad Yt. 77; he is Aghrirath, brother of Afrasiyab, in the Shahn4mah ; see also Chap. XXXI, 15. 5 TD has Pahl. Sakikstan here, but Sdkapastén in § 13 (the letters tk and p being often much alike in Pahlavi writing). Kzo has Paz. Savkavatén, SaukAvasta, and Savkavastin.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
144. Their ringleaders (kam4rik4n) are those seven planets, the head and tail of Gésihar, and Mdspar * 1 Compare Mkh. XL, 24-28: ‘The one wish that Hérmezd, the lord, desires from men is this, that “ye shall understand me (Hérmezd), since every one who shall understand me comes after me, and strives for my satisfaction.” And the one wish that Aharman desires from men is this, that “ye shall not understand me (Aharman), since whoever shall understand me wicked, Azs actions proceed not after me, and, moreover, no advantage and friendship come to me from that man.”’ ? The sentence is rather obscure, but it seems to imply that such cries keep the evil spirit at a distance ; it is, however, just possible that it means that the cry of the evil spirit can be heard as far as such cries. * Av. Kunda of Vend. XI, 28, 36, XIX, 138. ‘ TD has Gék-Aihar and Mfs-parik here, but see Chap. V, 1, where these beings are included among the seven planetary leaders, and not counted in addition to them. This is another inconsistency which leads to the suspicion that this contjnuation of the chapter may have been written by a later hand. According to this later view, the sun and moon must be included among those malevolent orbs, the planets. [5] I 114 BUNDAHIS. provided with a tail, whzchk are ten. 45. And by them these ten worldly creations, ¢hat is, the sky, water, earth, vegetation, animals, metals, wind, light, fire, and mankind, are corrupted with all this vileness; and from them calamity, captivity, disease, death, and other evils and corruptions ever come to water, vegetation, and the other creations which exist 2 the world, owing to the fiendishness of those ten. 46. They whom I save enumerated are furnished with the assistance and crafty (afzarhémand) nature of Aharman. 47. Regarding the cold, dry, stony, and dark interior of mysterious (tartk dén afrag-pédak) hell it says, that the darkness is fit to grasp with the hand’, and the stench is fit to cut with a knife ; and if they inflict the punishment of a thousand men within a single span, they (the men) think in this way, that they are alone; amd the loneliness is worse than its punishment?. 48. And its connection (band) is with the seven planets, be it through much cold like Saturn® (Kév4n), be it through much heat like Aharman; and their food is brimstone (gandak), and of succulents the lizard (vazagh), and other evil azd wretchedness (paty4n).] ' Compare Mkh. VII, 31: ‘and always their darkness is suchlike as though it be possible to grasp with the hand.’ 2 Compare Arda-Viraf-namak (LIV, 5-8): ‘As close as the ear to the eye, and as many as the hairs on the mane of a horse, so close and many in number, the souls of the wicked stand, but they see not, and hear no sound, one from the other; every one thinks thus, “I am alone.”’ 3 Or, ‘with more cold than Saturn.’ CHAPTER XXVIII, 45—XXIX, 2. 115 CuapTterR XXIX1,
2115 CuapTterR XXIX1, 1. On [the sfzxztual chieftainship® of the regions of the earth] it says in revelation, that every one of those six chieftainships® has one sfzvztual chief; as the chief of Arzah is Ashashagahad-é Hvandhin’, the chief of Savah is Hoazarédathhri-hana Paréstyar65, the chief of Fradadafsh is Spitdéid-i Adspésinan °, [the chief of Vidadafsh is Afriz-rasp Atispésinan’,] the chief of Vérdbarst is Huvdsp’, the chief of Vérdgarst is Kakhravak®. 2. Zaratdst is 1 For this chapter, which is numbered XXX by previous translators, we have to depend only on K2o and TD (see the note on the heading of Chap. XXVIII); and the words enclosed in brackets are supplied from TD, being either illegible or omitted in K2o. * Perhaps ‘patriarchate’ or ‘episcopate’ would be a better translation of radih, and ‘ patriarch’ or ‘bishop’ of rad, in this chapter, as the chief high-priest (dastQr-i dastQran) and his office are evidently meant by these words. ® Of the six other regions, distinct from this one of Khvantiras, see Chap. XI, 2-4. * TD has Ashashfg,hd-é atgh Névandan ; both MSS. giving these names in a barbarous Pazand form which cannot be relied on. Perhaps this DastOr is the Av. Ashavanghu Bivandangha of Fravardin Yt. rro. 5 TD has Héazar6kakhhr-hané Paréstyré, all in P&azand in both MSS., except Huz. han4, which stands for P4z. é, here used for the idhafat i. Perhaps this Dast@r is the Av. Garé-danghu Pairistira of Fravardin Yt. 110. * So in TD; Kzo has P&z. Spaitanid-i Husp4sny&n. This DastOr is, no doubt, the Av. (gen.) Spitéis Uspisnaos of Fravardin Yt. rar. 7 Omitted in K2o, but, no doubt, this Dastfr is the Av. Erezrfspa Uspasnu of Fravardin Yt. rar. ® Av. Hvaspa of Fravardin Yt. 122. ® So in both MSS. As in the case of each of the preceding two pair of regions, two consecutive names of Dastfirs have been taken from the Fravardin Yast, it may be supposed that the names I2 116 BUNDAHIs, spiritual chief of the region of Khvantras, and also of all the regions; he zs chief of the world of the righteous, and it is said that the whole religion was received by them from Zaratist}. 3. In the region of Khvaniras are many places, from which, in this evil time of violent struggling with the adversary, a passage (vidarg) is constructed by the power of the spiritual world (matndédkth), and one calls them the beaten tracks * of Khvantras. 4. Counterparts of those other regions® are such places as Kangdez, the land of Saukavast4n, the plain of the Arabs (Taztk4n), the plain of Pésydnsai, the river Naivtak‘, Atran-vég, the enclosure (var) formed by Yim, azd Kasmir in India’. 5. And one immortal chief acts in the government of each taken for this third pair of regions will also be consecutive, and this Dastfr must, therefore, be identified with the Av. Xathwaraspa of Fravardin Yt. 122.
35. And one immortal chief acts in the government of each taken for this third pair of regions will also be consecutive, and this Dastfr must, therefore, be identified with the Av. Xathwaraspa of Fravardin Yt. 122. 1 TD has ‘ Zaratfst is chief of this region of Khvaniras, and also of the whole world of the righteous; all chieftainship, also, is from Zaratist, so that the whole religion,’ &c. 2 Justi has ‘ zones, climates ;’ but transcribing Paz. habavanha back into Pahlavi we have a word which may be read khabanoha, pl. of khab4n, ‘a trampling-place’ (comp. Pers. khabidan), TD has khvabfsné-g4s, which has the same meaning. ® Meaning, probably, that they resemble the six smaller regions in being isolated and difficult of access; in other words, either mythical, or independent of Iranian rule. “ Soin TD, which also omits the second, third, and fourth of these isolated territories. In K2o we might read rad va khfidak, ‘chief and lord,’ as an epithet of Afran-vég. This river must be the Nahvték of Chap. XXI, 6. 5 Reading Kasmir-i andar Hind@, but TD has Kasmfr-i andarfind; perhaps the last word was originally anfranak, in which case we should read ‘the non-Iranian Kasmir.’ CHAPTER XXIX, 3-5. 117 of them; as it says, that Péshydétanfi! sox of Vistasp, whom they call Aitré-main6é?, is in the country of Kangdez*; Aghrérad* son of Pashang is in the land of Saukavast4n®, and they call him Gépatshah*; Parsadgi? H/vembya is in the plain of 1 The Av. Peshdtanu of Visht4ésp Yt. 4, where he is described as free from disease and death. TD has Péshydk-tanf. See also Chaps. XXXI, 29, XXXII, 5. * TD has Xitrd-m46n6, and it may be doubted whether the latter portion of the name be derived from Av. mainyu, ‘spirit,’ or maunghé, ‘moon.’ The Dadistén-i Dintk (Reply 89) calls him ‘ Patshaydtand who is called from the Xitr6k-m4hané6 (or mfy4n6),’ the Katru-mfy4n river of Chap. XX, 7, 31. ® See § 10. TD has Kangdez-i bamfk, ‘Kangdez the splendid.’ ‘ The Av. Aghraératha Narava of Gés Yt. 18, 22, Fravardin Yt. 131, Ashi Yt. 38, Zamyad Yt. 77; he is Aghrirath, brother of Afrasiyab, in the Shahn4mah ; see also Chap. XXXI, 15. 5 TD has Pahl. Sakikstan here, but Sdkapastén in § 13 (the letters tk and p being often much alike in Pahlavi writing). Kzo has Paz. Savkavatén, SaukAvasta, and Savkavastin.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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