Pahlavi Texts, Part I — SBE Vol. 5 (trans. E. W. West, 1880)

* P4z. 4m4van is a misreading of Pahl. hAmfin, so the reading is anstp (compare Pers. stb) hamfin. Mountains, being the work of the evil spirit, disappear with him.

® Kak4d-i-Déitik, see Chap. XII, 7.

(5) Kp. 130 whose summit is the support of the Kinvar drzdge, they keep down, aad it wz// not exist. |

CuarTrer XXXII}.

o. On the race and genealogy of the Kay4ns.

1. Héshyang*? was son of Fravak, son of Styakmak 8, son of MAshya ‘, son of Gayémard. [2. Takhmérup ° was son of Vivanghad °, soz of Yanghad’, son of Héshyang. 3. Yim,]® Takhmérup, Spttdr®, axd Narsih”, whom they also call ‘the Rashnd of Xtnd",’

1 For this chapter, which is numbered XXXII by previous translators, we have to depend only on K20, TD, and Kzob (a fragment evidently derived from the same original as K2o0 and M6, but through some independent line of descent).

8 ‘a in K20, but usually Héshang (see Chaps. XV, 28, XXXIV,
3; 4).

* See Chap. XV, 25, 30.

* See Chaps. XV, 2-24, 30, XXXIV, 3.

® Av. Takhmé-urupa of Ram Yt. 11, Zamy4d Yt. 28, Afrtn Zarat.
2; written Tékhmérup in TD, which is the only MS. in which the
passage enclosed in brackets is found, the omission of which by
K2o was suspected by Windischmann (Zoroastriche Studien, p. 199).
This king is the Tahmftras of the Shâhnémah. See also Chaps.
XVII, 4, XXXIV, 4.

* Av. Vivanghau of Yas. IX, 11, 20, XXXII, 8, Vend. II, 8, 28, 94, Fravardin Yt. 130, Zamy4d Yt. 35.

7 As this Pézand name or title begins with a medral y, its initial vowel is probably omitted (see p. 141, note 8).

® Av. Yima or Yima khshaéta of Vend. II, &c., the Jamshéd of the Shahndmah (see Chaps. XVII, 5, XXXIV, 4).

* Av. Spityura of Zamy4d Yt. 46.

1 Here written Narsf in K20 and K2ob, and Nésth in TD; but see § 5 and Chap. XXIX, 6. Windischmann suggests that he may be the Av. Aoshnara pouru-gtra of Fravardin Yt. 131, Af. Zarat. 2.

" An epithet equivalent to ‘the Minos of China;’ Rashnfi being the angel of justice, who is said to weigh the meritorious deeds ofp. 131 were all brothers. 4. From Yim and Yimak!', who was ts sister, was born a pair, man and woman, and they became husband azd wife together; Mtrak the Aspiy4n? and ZtyAnak Zardahim were their names, and the lineage went on. 5. Spittir was he who, with Dahak, cut up Yim*; Narsih‘ lived then® also, whom they call Nésr-gy4van*; they say that such destiny (gadman) is allotted to him’, that he shall pass every day in troubles, and shall make all food purified and pure.

6. Dahak* was son of Khritasp, son of ZAtntgav, the departed soul against its sins. Neither word is, however, quite certain, as rashnfik may stand for rasnfk, ‘spear,’ and has also been translated by ‘light’ and ‘hero;’ Xind, moreover, was probably not China, but Samarkand (see Chaps. XII, 13, 22, XV, 29).

1 See Chap. XXIII, r.

Neither word is, however, quite certain, as rashnfik may stand for rasnfk, ‘spear,’ and has also been translated by ‘light’ and ‘hero;’ Xind, moreover, was probably not China, but Samarkand (see Chaps. XII, 13, 22, XV, 29).

1 See Chap. XXIII, r.

2 Av. Athwy4na of Abân Yt. 33, Gos Yt. 13, Fravardin Yt. 131, Zamy4d Yt. 36, &c., where it is the family name of Thraétaona, who is said to be a son of Athwya in Yas. IX, 23, 24. In the text this name seems to be used rather as a title than a patronymic, and in § 7 it appears to be a family surname.

* As stated in Zamy4d Yt. 46.

* Here written Narsak in Kz0 and K2ob, and Nésth in TD.

5 TD has ‘together,’ instead of ‘then.’

* So in K2o, but K2ob has Narst-gy4vin, and TD has Nésthviy4vantk (or nfy4z4nik). Perhaps we may assume the epithet to have been nigfr-vfyA4vantk (or niyâz4nfk), ‘one with a bewildering (or longing) glance.’

7 Justi supposes this clause of the sentence refers to Yim and the disease which attacked his hand. If this be the case it may be translated as follows: ‘they say afghash is produced on his hand (yadman), so that,’ &c.; afghash being a disease, or evil, mentioned in Vend. XX, 14, 20, 24; compare Chap. XXVIII, 33.

® Or As-i Dahâk, the Av. Asi Dahâka, ‘destructive serpent,’ of Yas, IX, 2g, Vend. I, 69, Abân Yt. 29, 34, Bahram Yt. 40, Zamy4d Yt. 46-50. A name applied to a foreign dynasty (probably Semitic) personified as a single king, which conquered the dominions of Yim (see Chap. XXXIV, 5).

K 2

p. 132

son of Virafsang, son of T4z, son of Fravak, son of Styakmak!; by 42s mother Dahak was of Udat?, son of Bayak, son of Tambayak, soz of Owokhm!, son of Pairi-urvaésm ‘, son of Gadhwithw®, son of Drigdskan *, som of the evil spirit.

7. Frédin the Aspiyan’ was son of Ptr-tora® the Aspiyan, son of Sék-t6ra® the Aspiyan, son of Bértora the Aspiy4n, son of Styak-t6ra the Aspiyan, son of Spéd-téra the Aspiyan, son of Gefar-téra the Aspiyan, son of Ramak-téra the Aspiyan, son of

* For the last three names, see Chap. XV, 25, 28.

• * Pahl. Afidin TD; compare ‘the demon Uda’ of Chap. XXVIII,
• 19. The following two names look like ‘ fear’ and ‘ gloom-fear,’ both appropriate names for demons.

* TD has P4z.Owdikh ; compare Av. aoiwra, ‘a species of nightmare,’ observing that r and 6 are often written alike in Pahlavi.

* TD and K2ob have Pâz. Pairi-urva-urvaésm, and Kao has Pai-urvaésm.

® TD has P4z. Gawithw.

* So in TD, but K2o has Pâz. Drus-i ayaska, and K2ob has Drug-i ayask&. It corresponds to Av. drugaska in Vend. XIX, 139, Vistasp Yt. 26. This genealogy appears to trace Dahâk’s maternal descent through a series of demons.

7 Av. Thraétaona, son of Athwya, but generally called ‘the Athwyanian,’ who slew the destructive serpent (asi dah4ka), see Yas. IX, 24, 25, Vend. I, 69, Abân Yt. 33, 61, Gés Yt. 13, Fravardin Yt. 131, Bahram Yt. 40, Ram Yt. 23, Ashi Yt. 33, Zamy4d Yt. 36, 92, Af. Zarat. 2. In the Shahnamah he is called Feridfin son of Abtin.

IX,
24, 25, Vend. I, 69, Abân Yt. 33, 61, Gés Yt. 13, Fravardin Yt. 131,
Bahram Yt. 40, Ram Yt. 23, Ashi Yt. 33, Zamy4d Yt. 36, 92, Af.
Zarat. 2. In the Shahnamah he is called Feridfin son of Abtin.

§ This name is omitted in K20, but occurs in the other two MSS. ; it is a Huzvaris hybrid equivalent to Paz. Par-gau and Av. Pourugau, which is a title of an Athwy4nian in Af. Zarat. 4, Vistâsp Yt. a. This genealogy consists almost entirely of such hybrid names, which have a very artificial appearance, though suitable enough for a race of herdsmen, meaning, as they severally do, ‘one with abundant oxen, with useful oxen, with the brown ox, with the black ox, with the white ox, with the fat ox, and with a herd of oxen.’

® So in TD, but the other two MSS. have Sty4k-t6ra, which is probably wrong, as the same name occurs again in this genealogy.

CHAPTER XXXI, 7—-II. 133

Vanfraghesn! the Aspiydn, son of Yim, son of Vivangh4d ; as these, apart from the Aspiyan Partéra, were ten generations, they every one lived a hundred years, which becomes one thousand years ; those thousand years were the evil reign of Dahak. 8. By the Aspiyan Par-téra was begotten Frédin, who exacted vengeance for Yim; together with him? also were the sons Barm4yfn and Katdydn, but Fréddn was fuller of glory than they.

9. By Frédfin three sons were begotten, Salm and Tag and Atrié*; and by Atrié one son and one pair‘ were begotten; the names of the couple of sons were VAanta@ar and Anastokh 5, and the name of the daughter was Giizak*. 10. Salm and Tig slew them all, Atrié and Azs happy sons, ut Fréddn kept the daughter in concealment, and from that daughter a daughter was born’; they became aware of 2t, and the mother was slain by them. 11. FrédQn provided for the daughter ®, also in concealment, for

1 In TD this name can be read Vanfrékisn or Vanfrdkg4n.

* TD has ‘as well as Aim.’ Kzob omits most of this sentence by mistake.

* These sons, as Windischmann observes, are not mentioned in the extant Avesta, but their Avesta names, Sairima, Tfirya or Tara, and Airya or Airyu, may be gathered from the names of the countriesover ~ which they are supposed to have ruled (see Fravardin Yt. 143).

‘ TD has ‘two sons and one daughter.’

5 TD has Anidar and Anastabé.

® Or Gfigak, in TD; the other MSS. have P4z. Ganga here, but Guzak in § 14; it is identical with the name of Héshyang’s sister and wife in Chap. XV, 28. In the Pazand Gâam4sp-n4mah the name of Fréd{in’s daughter is written Virak.

7 Reading min zak diikht dfkht-1 zd, as in K2ob and TD; some uncertainty arises here from the words dikht, ‘daughter,’ and dv4d, ‘ pair,’ being written alike in Pahlavi.

* TD has bartman, ‘ daughter,’ indicating that the word in K2o0 must be read dikht, and not dvd, ‘ pair.’

p. 134