Fetching
One moment.
Fetching
One moment.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1V, 5), when the soul is called to account, for its actions during life, after the [5] R 242 SHAYAST LA-SHAYAST. 3. In the administration of the primitive faith? there are some who have been of different opinions third night after death (see Mkh. II, 114-122). Its sins are supposed to be then weighed against its good works, which are estimated by the same scale of degrees (see the passage already quoted from Farh. Okh. in p. 240, note 2), and it is sent direct to heaven, or hell, or an intermediate place, according as the good works or sins preponderate, or are both equal. In the Avesta of the Vendidad, however, whence these degrees are derived, we find them forming merely a graduated scale of assaults, extending from first lifting the hand to smite even unto manslaughter ; and for each of these seven degrees of assault a scale of temporal punishments is prescribed, according to the number of times the offence has been committed. These punishments consist of a uniform series of lashes with a horse-whip or scourge, extending from a minimum of five lashes to a maximum of two hundred (see Vend. IV, 58-114); each degree of assault commencing at a different point on the scale of punishments for the first offence, and gradually rising through the scale with each repetition of the offence, so that the more aggravated assaults attain the maximum punishment by means of a smaller number of repetitions. Thus, the punishments prescribed for Agerepta, from the first to the eighth offence, are 5, 10, 15, 30, 50, 70, 90, and 200 lashes respectively ; those for Avaoirista, from the first to the seventh offence, extend on the same scale from 10 to 200 lashes; those for Aredus, from the first to the sixth offence, are from 15 to 200 lashes; those for a bruised hurt (4vara), from the first to the fifth offence, are from 30 to 200 lashes; those for a bleeding hurt, from the first to the fourth offence, are from 50 to 200 lashes; those for a bone-breaking hurt, from the first to the third offence, are from 70 to 200 lashes ; and those for a hurt depriving of consciousness or life, for the first and second offences, are go and 200 lashes. The maximum punishment of 200 lashes is prescribed only when the previous offences have not been atoned for, and it is to be inflicted in all such cases, however few or trifling the previous assaults have been. 1 In M6 péryédkéshih, but péryédkésh4n, ‘ of those of the primitive faith,’ in K2o; from the Av. paoirySdkaésha of Yas. I, 47, I, 65, IV, 53, XXII, 33, Fravardin Yt. 0, go, 156, Af. Rapithwin, 2. It is a term applied to what is considered as the CHAPTER I, 3. 243 about it, for Gégésasp' spoke otherwise than the teaching ? (2Astak) of Ataré-AQharmazd?, and Séshyans‘ otherwise than the teaching of Ataré-frébag Nésat®, and Médék-mah® otherwese than the teaching of Gégésasp’, and Afarg® otherwise than the teaching true Mazdayasnian religion in all ages, both before and after the time of Zaratist.
2(2Astak) of Ataré-AQharmazd?, and Séshyans‘ otherwise than the teaching of Ataré-frébag Nésat®, and Médék-mah® otherwese than the teaching of Gégésasp’, and Afarg® otherwise than the teaching true Mazdayasnian religion in all ages, both before and after the time of Zaratist. * One of the old commentators whose opinions are frequently quoted in Pahlavi books, as in Chap. II, 74, 82, 119, Pahl. Vend. ITI, 48, 138, 151, IV, 35, V, 14, 121, VI, 9, 64, VI, 6, 136, VIII, 64, 236, XV, 35, 48, 56, 67, XVI, 5, XVIII, 98, 124, and thirteen times in the Nirangistén. His name is sometimes written Gésasp (as it is here both in M6 and K2o) and sometimes Gégésésp. ? Probably a written exposition or commentary is meant. * This commentator is mentioned once in the Nirangistan as Ataré A@harmazdan. “ This commentator is mentioned in Chaps. II, 56, 74, 80, 118, 119, III, 13, VI, 4, 5; also in Pahl. Vend. III, 64, 69, 151, IV, 6, V, 48, 80, 107, 121, 146, 153, VI, 15, 64, 73, VII, 4, 136, 168, VUI, 28, 59, 303, [X, 184, XIII, 20, XVI, 7, 10, 17, 20-22, 27, XVIII, 98, and forty-six times in the Nirangistén. He was a namesake of the last of the future apostles and sons of Zaratfist (see Bund. XXXII, 8), and his name is often written Sdsh4ns and read Saoshyés or Sésy6s by Pazand writers. 5 This commentator is mentioned once in the Nfrangistén, and may probably be the Ataré-frobag of B. Yt. 1, 7; compare also Nésaf Bfrz-Mitr6, the name of another commentator, in Chap. VI, 18. * This commentator is mentioned in Chaps. II, 1, 11, 12, 89, V, 5, 6; also in Pahl. Vend. III, 151, V, 6, 58, 107, VIII, 48, 110, IX, 132, XIII, 99, XIV, 37, and four times in the Nfrangistan. His name is sometimes written Médy6k-m4h or Matdék-mah, and he was a namesake of Zaratfist’s cousin and first disciple (see Bund. XXXII, 2, 3). The Vagarkard-i Dinik professes to have been compiled by Médy6k-mah, but there appear to have been several priests of this name (see Bund. XXXIII, 1). 7 Gésasp in M6. * This commentator is mentioned in Chaps. II, 2, 64, 73, 88, 115, V, 5, 6; also in Pahl. Vend. III, 48, 115, V, 6, 14, 22, 58, R 2 244 SHAYAST LA-SHAYAST. of Séshyans. 4. And all those of the primitive faith rely upon these six? teachings, and there are some who rely more weakly and some more strongly upon some of them. 146, VI, 9, VII, 6, 61, 93, 136, VIII, 48, 64, 110, 250, IX, 132, XIII, 99, XIV, 14, 37, XIX, 84, Pahl. Yas. LXIV, 37, once in Farh. Okh., and thirty-eight times in the Nirangistan. 1 Both MSS. have ‘three,’ although four teachings and six commentators are mentioned in the previous section, and a fifth ‘teaching’ is mentioned in Chap. II, 2. The original reading was more probably ‘six’ than ‘four,’ as a Pahlavi ‘six’ requires merely the omission of a cipher to become ‘ three,’ whereas a Pahlavi ‘ four’ must be altered to produce the same blunder.
3II, 2. The original reading was more probably ‘six’ than ‘four,’ as a Pahlavi ‘six’ requires merely the omission of a cipher to become ‘ three,’ whereas a Pahlavi ‘ four’ must be altered to produce the same blunder. Several other commentators are mentioned in Pahlavi books, such as Atar6-p4d, son of DAd-farukh, twice in the Nirangistan; Azadmard nine times in Nir.; Bar6shand Adharmazd once in Nir.; Dad Aftharmazd in B, Yt. I, 7, ITI, 16, Pahl. Yas. X, 57, XI, 22; Dadfarukh in Pahl. Vend. V, 112, VI, 64, and twice in Nir.; Dad-i-véh seventeen times in Nir.; Farukhé thrice in Nir.; Kiratand-bagéd in Pahl. Vend. V, 80, VI, 15, [X, 184, XIII, 20, he is called the Kirméanik in Pahl. Vend. IV, 35, and Dastfr Hoshangji thinks his name is merely a variant of the next; Kfshtand-bfigéd in Sls. II, 57, 81, 118, VI, 6, VIII, 17, Pahl. Vend. III, 64, 69, IV, 6, V, 48, VI, 53, 64, 73, VIII, 28, XVI, 17, 21, 22, 27, and twenty-two times in Nir. ; Mah-Afharmazd in Pahl. Vend. VIT, 82 ; M&h-gédsasp6, M&hg6séspd, Mah-géspé, or M4h-vasp in Pahl. Yas. IX, 33, Pahl. Vend. III, 138, and ten times in Nir.; M&hvand-déd or Méh-vindad in B. Yt. III, 3, Pahl. Yas. IX, 33, X, 57, XI, 22, XIX, 27; Mard-bid in Sls. II, 86, and twice in Nir., where he is called the son of DAdgun; Néryésang in Sls. VIII, 13, Pahl. Vend. V, 22; Nikhshapahar, or Nishapfhar in Pahl. Vend. III, 151, V, 112, VI, 71, VUI, 64, XVI, 10, 17, AV.I, 35, and twenty-four times in Nir.; Nésai Bfrz-Mitr6 in Sls. VIII, 18; Parfk or Pirik in Pahl. Vend. II, 138, V, 14, 134, VII, 82, 93, VIII, 64, and once in Nir.; Réshan or Réshané (which, as the Sikand-gQmanf states, was the name of a commentary written by Réshan son of Ataré-frébag) in Sis. II, 39, 86, 107, B. Yt. III, 3, Pahl. Yas. IX, 5, 14, Pahl. Vend. III, 48, V, 112, 134, 176, VII, 93, XVII, 11, and eleven times in Nir.; disciples of Vakht-Afridd (possibly the Bakht-dfrid of Sls. XX, 11, B. Yt. I, 7) are mentioned once in Nir.; Vand-AQharmazd in Sls. II, 2, 6, 44, XIV, 5, Pahl. Vend. VI, 73; and Véh-dést once in CHAPTERS I, 4-II, 2. 245 t CuaptTer II. 1. For in the third fargard (‘chapter’) of the Vendidad of Méa@ék-m4h ! 2¢ is declared that when life is resigned without effort®, at the time when the life departs, when a dog is tied to his foot, even then the Nasfs® rushes upon it, and afterwards, when seen by it, the Nasis is destroyed by it. 2. This is where z¢ zs stated which is the dog which destroys the Nasds‘, the shepherd's dog, the village-dog, the blood-hound, the slender hound®, and the rikdantk®; the Nirangistén. It must, however, be observed that the reading of some of these names is very uncertain. 1 Alluding probably to Médék-m4h’s complete commentary on the Vendidad (now no longer extant), as the commentary on Pahl. Vend. III, 48, which treats of Sag-did or dog-gaze, does not mention Méd6dk-mah or any of the details described here in the text ; these details, however, are to be found in Pahl. Vend. VII, 4.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1V, 5), when the soul is called to account, for its actions during life, after the [5] R 242 SHAYAST LA-SHAYAST. 3. In the administration of the primitive faith? there are some who have been of different opinions third night after death (see Mkh. II, 114-122). Its sins are supposed to be then weighed against its good works, which are estimated by the same scale of degrees (see the passage already quoted from Farh. Okh. in p. 240, note 2), and it is sent direct to heaven, or hell, or an intermediate place, according as the good works or sins preponderate, or are both equal. In the Avesta of the Vendidad, however, whence these degrees are derived, we find them forming merely a graduated scale of assaults, extending from first lifting the hand to smite even unto manslaughter ; and for each of these seven degrees of assault a scale of temporal punishments is prescribed, according to the number of times the offence has been committed. These punishments consist of a uniform series of lashes with a horse-whip or scourge, extending from a minimum of five lashes to a maximum of two hundred (see Vend. IV, 58-114); each degree of assault commencing at a different point on the scale of punishments for the first offence, and gradually rising through the scale with each repetition of the offence, so that the more aggravated assaults attain the maximum punishment by means of a smaller number of repetitions. Thus, the punishments prescribed for Agerepta, from the first to the eighth offence, are 5, 10, 15, 30, 50, 70, 90, and 200 lashes respectively ; those for Avaoirista, from the first to the seventh offence, extend on the same scale from 10 to 200 lashes; those for Aredus, from the first to the sixth offence, are from 15 to 200 lashes; those for a bruised hurt (4vara), from the first to the fifth offence, are from 30 to 200 lashes; those for a bleeding hurt, from the first to the fourth offence, are from 50 to 200 lashes; those for a bone-breaking hurt, from the first to the third offence, are from 70 to 200 lashes ; and those for a hurt depriving of consciousness or life, for the first and second offences, are go and 200 lashes. The maximum punishment of 200 lashes is prescribed only when the previous offences have not been atoned for, and it is to be inflicted in all such cases, however few or trifling the previous assaults have been. 1 In M6 péryédkéshih, but péryédkésh4n, ‘ of those of the primitive faith,’ in K2o; from the Av. paoirySdkaésha of Yas. I, 47, I, 65, IV, 53, XXII, 33, Fravardin Yt. 0, go, 156, Af. Rapithwin, 2. It is a term applied to what is considered as the CHAPTER I, 3. 243 about it, for Gégésasp' spoke otherwise than the teaching ? (2Astak) of Ataré-AQharmazd?, and Séshyans‘ otherwise than the teaching of Ataré-frébag Nésat®, and Médék-mah® otherwese than the teaching of Gégésasp’, and Afarg® otherwise than the teaching true Mazdayasnian religion in all ages, both before and after the time of Zaratist.
2(2Astak) of Ataré-AQharmazd?, and Séshyans‘ otherwise than the teaching of Ataré-frébag Nésat®, and Médék-mah® otherwese than the teaching of Gégésasp’, and Afarg® otherwise than the teaching true Mazdayasnian religion in all ages, both before and after the time of Zaratist. * One of the old commentators whose opinions are frequently quoted in Pahlavi books, as in Chap. II, 74, 82, 119, Pahl. Vend. ITI, 48, 138, 151, IV, 35, V, 14, 121, VI, 9, 64, VI, 6, 136, VIII, 64, 236, XV, 35, 48, 56, 67, XVI, 5, XVIII, 98, 124, and thirteen times in the Nirangistén. His name is sometimes written Gésasp (as it is here both in M6 and K2o) and sometimes Gégésésp. ? Probably a written exposition or commentary is meant. * This commentator is mentioned once in the Nirangistan as Ataré A@harmazdan. “ This commentator is mentioned in Chaps. II, 56, 74, 80, 118, 119, III, 13, VI, 4, 5; also in Pahl. Vend. III, 64, 69, 151, IV, 6, V, 48, 80, 107, 121, 146, 153, VI, 15, 64, 73, VII, 4, 136, 168, VUI, 28, 59, 303, [X, 184, XIII, 20, XVI, 7, 10, 17, 20-22, 27, XVIII, 98, and forty-six times in the Nirangistén. He was a namesake of the last of the future apostles and sons of Zaratfist (see Bund. XXXII, 8), and his name is often written Sdsh4ns and read Saoshyés or Sésy6s by Pazand writers. 5 This commentator is mentioned once in the Nfrangistén, and may probably be the Ataré-frobag of B. Yt. 1, 7; compare also Nésaf Bfrz-Mitr6, the name of another commentator, in Chap. VI, 18. * This commentator is mentioned in Chaps. II, 1, 11, 12, 89, V, 5, 6; also in Pahl. Vend. III, 151, V, 6, 58, 107, VIII, 48, 110, IX, 132, XIII, 99, XIV, 37, and four times in the Nfrangistan. His name is sometimes written Médy6k-m4h or Matdék-mah, and he was a namesake of Zaratfist’s cousin and first disciple (see Bund. XXXII, 2, 3). The Vagarkard-i Dinik professes to have been compiled by Médy6k-mah, but there appear to have been several priests of this name (see Bund. XXXIII, 1). 7 Gésasp in M6. * This commentator is mentioned in Chaps. II, 2, 64, 73, 88, 115, V, 5, 6; also in Pahl. Vend. III, 48, 115, V, 6, 14, 22, 58, R 2 244 SHAYAST LA-SHAYAST. of Séshyans. 4. And all those of the primitive faith rely upon these six? teachings, and there are some who rely more weakly and some more strongly upon some of them. 146, VI, 9, VII, 6, 61, 93, 136, VIII, 48, 64, 110, 250, IX, 132, XIII, 99, XIV, 14, 37, XIX, 84, Pahl. Yas. LXIV, 37, once in Farh. Okh., and thirty-eight times in the Nirangistan. 1 Both MSS. have ‘three,’ although four teachings and six commentators are mentioned in the previous section, and a fifth ‘teaching’ is mentioned in Chap. II, 2. The original reading was more probably ‘six’ than ‘four,’ as a Pahlavi ‘six’ requires merely the omission of a cipher to become ‘ three,’ whereas a Pahlavi ‘ four’ must be altered to produce the same blunder.
3II, 2. The original reading was more probably ‘six’ than ‘four,’ as a Pahlavi ‘six’ requires merely the omission of a cipher to become ‘ three,’ whereas a Pahlavi ‘ four’ must be altered to produce the same blunder. Several other commentators are mentioned in Pahlavi books, such as Atar6-p4d, son of DAd-farukh, twice in the Nirangistan; Azadmard nine times in Nir.; Bar6shand Adharmazd once in Nir.; Dad Aftharmazd in B, Yt. I, 7, ITI, 16, Pahl. Yas. X, 57, XI, 22; Dadfarukh in Pahl. Vend. V, 112, VI, 64, and twice in Nir.; Dad-i-véh seventeen times in Nir.; Farukhé thrice in Nir.; Kiratand-bagéd in Pahl. Vend. V, 80, VI, 15, [X, 184, XIII, 20, he is called the Kirméanik in Pahl. Vend. IV, 35, and Dastfr Hoshangji thinks his name is merely a variant of the next; Kfshtand-bfigéd in Sls. II, 57, 81, 118, VI, 6, VIII, 17, Pahl. Vend. III, 64, 69, IV, 6, V, 48, VI, 53, 64, 73, VIII, 28, XVI, 17, 21, 22, 27, and twenty-two times in Nir. ; Mah-Afharmazd in Pahl. Vend. VIT, 82 ; M&h-gédsasp6, M&hg6séspd, Mah-géspé, or M4h-vasp in Pahl. Yas. IX, 33, Pahl. Vend. III, 138, and ten times in Nir.; M&hvand-déd or Méh-vindad in B. Yt. III, 3, Pahl. Yas. IX, 33, X, 57, XI, 22, XIX, 27; Mard-bid in Sls. II, 86, and twice in Nir., where he is called the son of DAdgun; Néryésang in Sls. VIII, 13, Pahl. Vend. V, 22; Nikhshapahar, or Nishapfhar in Pahl. Vend. III, 151, V, 112, VI, 71, VUI, 64, XVI, 10, 17, AV.I, 35, and twenty-four times in Nir.; Nésai Bfrz-Mitr6 in Sls. VIII, 18; Parfk or Pirik in Pahl. Vend. II, 138, V, 14, 134, VII, 82, 93, VIII, 64, and once in Nir.; Réshan or Réshané (which, as the Sikand-gQmanf states, was the name of a commentary written by Réshan son of Ataré-frébag) in Sis. II, 39, 86, 107, B. Yt. III, 3, Pahl. Yas. IX, 5, 14, Pahl. Vend. III, 48, V, 112, 134, 176, VII, 93, XVII, 11, and eleven times in Nir.; disciples of Vakht-Afridd (possibly the Bakht-dfrid of Sls. XX, 11, B. Yt. I, 7) are mentioned once in Nir.; Vand-AQharmazd in Sls. II, 2, 6, 44, XIV, 5, Pahl. Vend. VI, 73; and Véh-dést once in CHAPTERS I, 4-II, 2. 245 t CuaptTer II. 1. For in the third fargard (‘chapter’) of the Vendidad of Méa@ék-m4h ! 2¢ is declared that when life is resigned without effort®, at the time when the life departs, when a dog is tied to his foot, even then the Nasfs® rushes upon it, and afterwards, when seen by it, the Nasis is destroyed by it. 2. This is where z¢ zs stated which is the dog which destroys the Nasds‘, the shepherd's dog, the village-dog, the blood-hound, the slender hound®, and the rikdantk®; the Nirangistén. It must, however, be observed that the reading of some of these names is very uncertain. 1 Alluding probably to Médék-m4h’s complete commentary on the Vendidad (now no longer extant), as the commentary on Pahl. Vend. III, 48, which treats of Sag-did or dog-gaze, does not mention Méd6dk-mah or any of the details described here in the text ; these details, however, are to be found in Pahl. Vend. VII, 4.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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