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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1298. * Not K4f, nor is it mentioned in the Pahlavi Vend. V, 57, as supposed by Justi; the kaf kép ar4yad of Spiegel’s edition of the Pahlavi text being a misprint for kafaké parayad, ‘it traverses a fissure’ (see Haug’s Essays, 2nd ed. p. 326, note 2). 38 BUNDAHIS. tar! is in Sagastén. 16. Mount Arezir? is that which is in the direction of Artm. 17. The Padashkhvargar? mountain is that which is in Taparistan and the side of Gilan. 18. The Révand‘ mountain is in Khfrdsan 5, on which the Barzin fire® was established ; and its zame Révand means this, that z¢ is glorious. 19. The Vadgés? mountain is that which is on the frontier of the Vadgésians ; that quarter is full of timber axd full of trees. 20, The Bakyir® mountain is that which Frasiya4v of Tar used as a stronghold, and he made his residence within 2¢; and zz the days of Yim® a myriad towns and cities were erected on its pleasant azd prosperous territory. 21. Mount Kabed-sikaft?* (‘very rugged’) ' 1 The Av. Ushi-darena of Yas. I, 41, II, 54, III, 55, IV, 45, XXII, 31, XXV, 22, AQharmazd Yt. 31, ZamyAd Yt. 0, 2, 97. ? Called Arezfr-bfim in § 2, which name stands for the sixth and seventh mountains, Erezuré6 and Bumyé, in Zamydd Yt. 2. The land of Arfim was the eastern empire of the Romans. * Evidently the mountain range south of the Caspian, now called Albfrz; but whether this actual Albfirz is to be considered a part of the mythic Albfrz is not very clear. ‘The Av. Raévaus, ‘shining,’ of Zamyad Yt. 6. It is also called the Ridge of Vistdsp (see § 34). 5 Or, ‘the east.’ ® See Chap. XVII, 8. 7 The Av. Vaiti-gaés6, the twelfth mountain in Zamydd Yt. 2; Badghés in Persian. ® In § 2 it is Bakyir, which Justi thinks is another name for Mount Darspét (‘white poplar’); the latter name not being repeated here makes this supposition probable. ®° K2o has rm and M6 has lanman, but both explained by the Paz. gloss Yim, which is also the reading of the Paz. MSS. If the gloss be rejected the most probable translation would be, ‘and tn our days Shatré-rim (or rfmisn), the victorious, erected on it a myriad towns and cities.’ 1° Windischmann suggests that this may be intended for the Av. skyata or iskata mentioned in the note on Ap§rsén in § 9. CHAPTER XII, 16-28. 39 is that in Pars, out of the same Mount Aparsén. 22. Mount Siyaék-hémand (‘being black’) azd Mount Vafar-hdmand (‘having snow’)}, as far as their K4vdl borders, have grown out of it (Apdrsén) towards the direction of Kind. 23. The Spendyad? mountain is in the circuit (var) of Révand®. 24. The Kéndrésp‘ mountain, on the summit of which is Lake Sévbar 5, is in the district (or by the town) of Tas. 25. The Kondrés® mountain is in Airan-vég. 26. The Asnavand’ mountain is in Ataré-patakan. 27. The Réyisn-hémand ® (‘having growth’) mountain is that on which vegetation has grown. 28. Whatever® mountains are those which are in every place of the various districts asd. various
225. The Kondrés® mountain is in Airan-vég. 26. The Asnavand’ mountain is in Ataré-patakan. 27. The Réyisn-hémand ® (‘having growth’) mountain is that on which vegetation has grown. 28. Whatever® mountains are those which are in every place of the various districts asd. various 1 The Av. Sy4maka and Vafrayau of Zamyad Yt. 5; and probably the Siy4h-kéh and Saféd-k6h of Afghanistan. With regard to Kind, see the note on § 13. The former mountain is called Siyak-mfii-mand, ‘having black hair,’ in § 2, which is certainly a more grammatical form than Siy4k-hémand. 2 The Av. Spemté-data of Zamy4d Yt. 6. ® The term var often means ‘lake,’ but we are not informed of any Lake Révand, though a mountain of that name is described in § 18; so it seems advisable to take var here in its wider sense of ‘enclosure, circuit, district.’ * The Av. Kadrva-aspa of Zamy4d Yt. 6. 5 See Chap. XXII, 3. All MSS. have Sébar here. ® If the circumflex be used in Pahlavi to indicate not only the consonant d, but also the vowel f, € when it follows a vowel, as seems probable, this name can be read K6fras; in any case, it is evidently intended for the Av. Kaoirisa in Zamy4d Yt. 6. It is written K6éndras in § 2. 7 The Av. Asnavau of Zamyéd Yt. 5, Atash Nyy. 5, Siréz. 9. See also Chap. XVII, 7. * The Av. Raoidhité, the eighth mountain of Zamy4d Yt. 2. ® So in M6 and the Paz, MSS., but Keo has, ‘ The country mountains.’ 40 BUNDAHIS. countries, and cause the tillage and prosperity therein, are many z# name and many zw number, and have grown from these same mountains. 29. As Mount Gandvad, Mount Asparég, Mount Pahargar, Mount Dimavand, Mount RAavak, Mount Zarin, Mount Gésbakht, Mount Davad, Mount Migin, and Mount Marak?, which have all grown from Mount Aparsén, of which the other mountains are enumerated. 30. For the Davad? mountain has grown into Khigistan likewise from the Aparsén mountain. 31. The Dimavand* mountain is that in which Bévardsp is bound. 32. From the same Padashkhvargar mountain unto Mount Kimis‘, which they call Mount Madéfry4d (‘Come-to-help ’) — that in which Vistésp routed Arg&asp—is Mount Mtyan-idast (‘mid-plain’)®, azd was broken off from that mountain there. 33. They say, in the war of the religion, when there was confusion among the Iranians it broke off from that mountain, ad slid down zxZo the middle of the plain; the Iranians were saved by 1 This list is evidently intended to include the chief mountains known to the author of the Bundahis, which he could not identify with any of those mentioned in the Avesta. 2 This is the Pazand reading of the name, on which very little reliance can be placed; the Pahlavi can also be read DAnad, and it may be the Deana mountain, 12,000 feet high, near Kaski-zard.
32 This is the Pazand reading of the name, on which very little reliance can be placed; the Pahlavi can also be read DAnad, and it may be the Deana mountain, 12,000 feet high, near Kaski-zard. 5 See Chap. XXIX, 9. This volcanic mountain, about 20,000 feet high and near Teheran, still retains this ancient Persian name, meaning ‘wintry.’ It is the chief mountain of the Padashkhvargar range, which the Bundahis evidently considers as an offshoot of the Ap&rsén ranges, ‘ The present name of a mountain between Nisdpfr and the desert. 5 The name of a place about midway between Astarabad and Nis4pfir. This mountain is called Migin in § 29, probably from a place called Mezinan in the same neighbourhood. CHAPTER XII, 29—XIII, I. 4r it, and it was called ‘Come-to-help’ by them. 34. The Gand4vad? mountain is likewise there, on the Ridge of Vistasp (pfiist-i Vistasp4n)? at the abode of the Barztn-Mitré fire, nine leagues (parasang) to the west. 35. RAvak Btsan® is in Zravakad; this place, some say, is Zravad, some call z¢ Bisan, some Kalk; from this the road of two sides of the mountain is down the middle of a fortress; for this reason, that is, because it is there formed, they call Kalak a fortress; this place they also call within the land of Sarak. 36. Mount Aspardég‘ is established from the country of Lake A’ééast® unto Pars. 37. PAhargar (‘the Pahar range’) is in Khfrds4n. 38. Mount Marak® is in Laran. 39. Mount Zartn is in Tarktstan. 40. Mount Bakht-tan? is in Spahan. 41. The rest, apart from this enumeration, which they reckon as fostering hills of the country in the religion of the Mazdayasnians, are the small hills, those which have grown piecemeal in places. CuHapTer XIII. 1. On the nature of seas it says in revelation, that the wide-formed ocean keeps one-third of this earth on the south side of the border of Albdrz*, axd so 1 The Pers. Kanfbad, or Gundbad, is near Gumin. ? Another name for Mount Révand (§ 18). See Chap. XVII, 8. S Probably in Kirm4n. * The mountain ranges of western Persia, including the Mount Zagros of classical writers. 5 See Chap. XXII, 2. ® Probably the Merkhinah range in northern Lérist4n. ” The Bakhtiyarf range in the province of Ispahan. __ * Or perhaps better: thus: ‘the wide-formed ocean is in the 42 BUNDAHIS. wide-formed is the ocean that the water of a thousand lakes is held by it, such as the source Arédvivsir}, which some say is the fountain lake. 2. Every particular lake is of a particular kind?, some are great, and some are small; some are so large that a man with a horse might compass ¢em around in forty days*, which is 1700 leagues (parasang) in extent.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1298. * Not K4f, nor is it mentioned in the Pahlavi Vend. V, 57, as supposed by Justi; the kaf kép ar4yad of Spiegel’s edition of the Pahlavi text being a misprint for kafaké parayad, ‘it traverses a fissure’ (see Haug’s Essays, 2nd ed. p. 326, note 2). 38 BUNDAHIS. tar! is in Sagastén. 16. Mount Arezir? is that which is in the direction of Artm. 17. The Padashkhvargar? mountain is that which is in Taparistan and the side of Gilan. 18. The Révand‘ mountain is in Khfrdsan 5, on which the Barzin fire® was established ; and its zame Révand means this, that z¢ is glorious. 19. The Vadgés? mountain is that which is on the frontier of the Vadgésians ; that quarter is full of timber axd full of trees. 20, The Bakyir® mountain is that which Frasiya4v of Tar used as a stronghold, and he made his residence within 2¢; and zz the days of Yim® a myriad towns and cities were erected on its pleasant azd prosperous territory. 21. Mount Kabed-sikaft?* (‘very rugged’) ' 1 The Av. Ushi-darena of Yas. I, 41, II, 54, III, 55, IV, 45, XXII, 31, XXV, 22, AQharmazd Yt. 31, ZamyAd Yt. 0, 2, 97. ? Called Arezfr-bfim in § 2, which name stands for the sixth and seventh mountains, Erezuré6 and Bumyé, in Zamydd Yt. 2. The land of Arfim was the eastern empire of the Romans. * Evidently the mountain range south of the Caspian, now called Albfrz; but whether this actual Albfirz is to be considered a part of the mythic Albfrz is not very clear. ‘The Av. Raévaus, ‘shining,’ of Zamyad Yt. 6. It is also called the Ridge of Vistdsp (see § 34). 5 Or, ‘the east.’ ® See Chap. XVII, 8. 7 The Av. Vaiti-gaés6, the twelfth mountain in Zamydd Yt. 2; Badghés in Persian. ® In § 2 it is Bakyir, which Justi thinks is another name for Mount Darspét (‘white poplar’); the latter name not being repeated here makes this supposition probable. ®° K2o has rm and M6 has lanman, but both explained by the Paz. gloss Yim, which is also the reading of the Paz. MSS. If the gloss be rejected the most probable translation would be, ‘and tn our days Shatré-rim (or rfmisn), the victorious, erected on it a myriad towns and cities.’ 1° Windischmann suggests that this may be intended for the Av. skyata or iskata mentioned in the note on Ap§rsén in § 9. CHAPTER XII, 16-28. 39 is that in Pars, out of the same Mount Aparsén. 22. Mount Siyaék-hémand (‘being black’) azd Mount Vafar-hdmand (‘having snow’)}, as far as their K4vdl borders, have grown out of it (Apdrsén) towards the direction of Kind. 23. The Spendyad? mountain is in the circuit (var) of Révand®. 24. The Kéndrésp‘ mountain, on the summit of which is Lake Sévbar 5, is in the district (or by the town) of Tas. 25. The Kondrés® mountain is in Airan-vég. 26. The Asnavand’ mountain is in Ataré-patakan. 27. The Réyisn-hémand ® (‘having growth’) mountain is that on which vegetation has grown. 28. Whatever® mountains are those which are in every place of the various districts asd. various
225. The Kondrés® mountain is in Airan-vég. 26. The Asnavand’ mountain is in Ataré-patakan. 27. The Réyisn-hémand ® (‘having growth’) mountain is that on which vegetation has grown. 28. Whatever® mountains are those which are in every place of the various districts asd. various 1 The Av. Sy4maka and Vafrayau of Zamyad Yt. 5; and probably the Siy4h-kéh and Saféd-k6h of Afghanistan. With regard to Kind, see the note on § 13. The former mountain is called Siyak-mfii-mand, ‘having black hair,’ in § 2, which is certainly a more grammatical form than Siy4k-hémand. 2 The Av. Spemté-data of Zamy4d Yt. 6. ® The term var often means ‘lake,’ but we are not informed of any Lake Révand, though a mountain of that name is described in § 18; so it seems advisable to take var here in its wider sense of ‘enclosure, circuit, district.’ * The Av. Kadrva-aspa of Zamy4d Yt. 6. 5 See Chap. XXII, 3. All MSS. have Sébar here. ® If the circumflex be used in Pahlavi to indicate not only the consonant d, but also the vowel f, € when it follows a vowel, as seems probable, this name can be read K6fras; in any case, it is evidently intended for the Av. Kaoirisa in Zamy4d Yt. 6. It is written K6éndras in § 2. 7 The Av. Asnavau of Zamyéd Yt. 5, Atash Nyy. 5, Siréz. 9. See also Chap. XVII, 7. * The Av. Raoidhité, the eighth mountain of Zamy4d Yt. 2. ® So in M6 and the Paz, MSS., but Keo has, ‘ The country mountains.’ 40 BUNDAHIS. countries, and cause the tillage and prosperity therein, are many z# name and many zw number, and have grown from these same mountains. 29. As Mount Gandvad, Mount Asparég, Mount Pahargar, Mount Dimavand, Mount RAavak, Mount Zarin, Mount Gésbakht, Mount Davad, Mount Migin, and Mount Marak?, which have all grown from Mount Aparsén, of which the other mountains are enumerated. 30. For the Davad? mountain has grown into Khigistan likewise from the Aparsén mountain. 31. The Dimavand* mountain is that in which Bévardsp is bound. 32. From the same Padashkhvargar mountain unto Mount Kimis‘, which they call Mount Madéfry4d (‘Come-to-help ’) — that in which Vistésp routed Arg&asp—is Mount Mtyan-idast (‘mid-plain’)®, azd was broken off from that mountain there. 33. They say, in the war of the religion, when there was confusion among the Iranians it broke off from that mountain, ad slid down zxZo the middle of the plain; the Iranians were saved by 1 This list is evidently intended to include the chief mountains known to the author of the Bundahis, which he could not identify with any of those mentioned in the Avesta. 2 This is the Pazand reading of the name, on which very little reliance can be placed; the Pahlavi can also be read DAnad, and it may be the Deana mountain, 12,000 feet high, near Kaski-zard.
32 This is the Pazand reading of the name, on which very little reliance can be placed; the Pahlavi can also be read DAnad, and it may be the Deana mountain, 12,000 feet high, near Kaski-zard. 5 See Chap. XXIX, 9. This volcanic mountain, about 20,000 feet high and near Teheran, still retains this ancient Persian name, meaning ‘wintry.’ It is the chief mountain of the Padashkhvargar range, which the Bundahis evidently considers as an offshoot of the Ap&rsén ranges, ‘ The present name of a mountain between Nisdpfr and the desert. 5 The name of a place about midway between Astarabad and Nis4pfir. This mountain is called Migin in § 29, probably from a place called Mezinan in the same neighbourhood. CHAPTER XII, 29—XIII, I. 4r it, and it was called ‘Come-to-help’ by them. 34. The Gand4vad? mountain is likewise there, on the Ridge of Vistasp (pfiist-i Vistasp4n)? at the abode of the Barztn-Mitré fire, nine leagues (parasang) to the west. 35. RAvak Btsan® is in Zravakad; this place, some say, is Zravad, some call z¢ Bisan, some Kalk; from this the road of two sides of the mountain is down the middle of a fortress; for this reason, that is, because it is there formed, they call Kalak a fortress; this place they also call within the land of Sarak. 36. Mount Aspardég‘ is established from the country of Lake A’ééast® unto Pars. 37. PAhargar (‘the Pahar range’) is in Khfrds4n. 38. Mount Marak® is in Laran. 39. Mount Zartn is in Tarktstan. 40. Mount Bakht-tan? is in Spahan. 41. The rest, apart from this enumeration, which they reckon as fostering hills of the country in the religion of the Mazdayasnians, are the small hills, those which have grown piecemeal in places. CuHapTer XIII. 1. On the nature of seas it says in revelation, that the wide-formed ocean keeps one-third of this earth on the south side of the border of Albdrz*, axd so 1 The Pers. Kanfbad, or Gundbad, is near Gumin. ? Another name for Mount Révand (§ 18). See Chap. XVII, 8. S Probably in Kirm4n. * The mountain ranges of western Persia, including the Mount Zagros of classical writers. 5 See Chap. XXII, 2. ® Probably the Merkhinah range in northern Lérist4n. ” The Bakhtiyarf range in the province of Ispahan. __ * Or perhaps better: thus: ‘the wide-formed ocean is in the 42 BUNDAHIS. wide-formed is the ocean that the water of a thousand lakes is held by it, such as the source Arédvivsir}, which some say is the fountain lake. 2. Every particular lake is of a particular kind?, some are great, and some are small; some are so large that a man with a horse might compass ¢em around in forty days*, which is 1700 leagues (parasang) in extent.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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