Fetching
One moment.
Fetching
One moment.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
15. A thousand days and nights they were without eating, and first water and afterwards herbage (airvar) were devoured by them. 6. And, afterwards, the three classes (kardak) of animals were produced therefrom, as it says that first were the goat and sheep, and then the camel 1 Probably kadfik-i raz may mean ‘the pumpkin and grape.’ ? Reading dtl; but the word may also be read sar, ‘ the head,’ or jigar, ‘ the liver.’ 5 See Chap. X, 2. ‘ This translation suits both text and context very well, but gospend pfir-sardak is evidently intended for the Av. g4us pouru-saredh6, ‘the ox of many species,’ of M4h Yt. 0, 7, and Siré6z. 12. 5 Reading mfin aé parasang hum4n4k; if 3 be read for aé the translation must be, ‘three of which are like a Parasang,’ for a HAsar cannot be equal to three Parasangs (see Chaps. XVI, 7, and XXVI). The phrase in the text probably means merely that a HAsar is a measure for long distances, just as a Parasang is. CHAPTER XIV, 3-13. 47 and swine, and then the horse and ass. 7. For, first, those suitable for grazing were created therefrom, those are now kept in the valley (laf); the second created were those of the hill summits (sari déz) 1, which are wide-travellers, azd habits (nihadak) are not taught to them by hand; the third created were ¢hose dwelling in the water. 8. As for the genera (khadfinak), the first genus is that which das the foot cloven in two, and ts suitable for grazing; of which a camel larger than a horse is small azd new-born. 9. The second genus ‘is ass-footed, of which the swift? horse is the largest, and the ass the least. 10. The third genus is that of the five-dividing paw, of which the dog is the largest, and the civet-cat the least. 11. The fourth genus is the flying, of which the griffon of three natures ® is the largest, and the chaffinch ‘ the least. 12. The fifth genus is that of the water, of which the Kar fish > is the largest, and the Nemadu ® the least. 13. These five genera are apportioned out into 1 Justi reads gfrisa&, the Av. gairish446, ‘ mountain-frequenting,’ of Tistar Yt. 36; but this is doubtful. * Pahl. zibal = Pers. zib4l, 5 The Paz. sin-i se avin is the Pahl. sén-i 3 khadfifnak of Chap. XXIV, 11, 29, the Sin bird or Stmurgh of Persian legends, the Av. saéna. The word avin4 is a P&z. misreading either of 4inak, ‘kind, sort,’ or of angan4k, ‘dividing.’ The mixture of P4zand and Pahlavi in this and some other chapters is rather perplexing, but the Pazand misreadings can usually be corrected after transliterating them back into Pahlavi characters. * Reading va taru (Pers. tar). ® See Chaps. XVIII, 3, and XXIV, 13. * If this Pazand word be written in Pahlavi letters it may be read va magan, which may stand for va magil, ‘and the leech;’ but this is very uncertain, 48 BUNDAHIS.
2* Reading va taru (Pers. tar). ® See Chaps. XVIII, 3, and XXIV, 13. * If this Pazand word be written in Pahlavi letters it may be read va magan, which may stand for va magil, ‘and the leech;’ but this is very uncertain, 48 BUNDAHIS. two hundred and eighty-two! species (sardak). 14. First are five species of goat, the ass-goat *, the milch-goat, the mountain-goat, the fawn, azd the common goat. 15. Second, five species of sheep, that with a tail, that which has no tail, the dogsheep, the wether, and the Kdrisk sheep, a sheep whose horn is great; it possesses a grandeur? like unto a horse, avd they use z¢ mostly for a steed (bara), as it is said that Mands&thar kept a Kdrisk as a steed. 16. Third, two species of camel, the mountain one and that suitable for grazing ; for one is fit to keep in the mountain, avd one in the plain; they are one-humped and two-humped. 17. Fourth, fifteen species of ox, the white, mud-coloured 4, red, yellow, black, azd@ dappled, the elk, the buffalo, the camel-leopard ox, the fish-chewing® ox, the Fars ox, the Kagau, avd other species of ox. 18. Fifth, eight species of horse, the Arab, the Persian, the mule °, the ass, the wild ass (gér), the hippopotamus (asp-i Avi), avd other species of horse. 19. Sixth, ten species of dog, the shepherd’s dog, the village-dog which is the house-protector, the blood-hound, the slender hound’, the water- 1 K2o alone has 272 (see Chap. X, 3). ® The khar-bfiz (see Chap. XXIV, 2). * Supposing se koh to be a Pz. misreading of Pahl. suktth. Justi’s translation is: ‘it inhabits the three mountains, like the horse.’ ‘ Paz. ashgun is evidently for Pahl. hasgfin. ® Transcribing the Paz. m&hi khu ush4n.into Pahlavi it may be read m4htka4n-khvashan (khash4n?). ® Instead of these first three species M6 has ‘ the white, black, yellow, bay, and chestnut.’ Kzo omits ‘the ass’ by mistake. 7 These first four species are the Av. pasus-haurvd, vishaurvé, véhunazgé, and tauruné of Vend. V, 92-98, XIII, 21, 26-74, I17, 164, 165. CHAPTER XIV, 14-22. 49 beaver? which they call the water-dog, the fox, the ichneumon (rdsu), the hedgehog which they call ‘ thorny-back,’ the porcupine *, avd the civet-cat; of which, two species are those accustomed ® to burrows, one the fox avd one the ichneumon; and those accustomed to jungle are such as the porcupine which has spines on zés back, and the hedgehog which is similar. 20. Seventh, five species of the black * hare; two are wild species, one dwelling in a burrow’ and one dwelling in the jungle. 21. Eighth, eight species of weasel; one the marten, one the black marten, the squirrel, the Bez ermine *, the white ermine, azd other species of weasel. 22. Ninth, eight species of musk axzmals ; one is that which is recognised by 7¢s musk’, one 1 The Av. bawris up4pé of Aban Yt. 129.
321. Eighth, eight species of weasel; one the marten, one the black marten, the squirrel, the Bez ermine *, the white ermine, azd other species of weasel. 22. Ninth, eight species of musk axzmals ; one is that which is recognised by 7¢s musk’, one 1 The Av. bawris up4pé of Aban Yt. 129. * The word indra has usually been taken as a Paz. misreading of the Pahl. aQdrak (Av. udra, ‘otter, of Vend. XIII, 48, 167, 169, XIV, 2), but this would be more probably read andra. The Pahl. sfigar, ‘porcupine,’ is just as likely to be misread indra, and its meaning suits the context better. * The Paz. 4mokhtesn, which is an ungrammatical form, is evidently a misreading of the Pahl. 4mfitkhtag4n. * Kzo has seya, M6 has zy4gi hest. Perhaps some old copyist has corrected sfy4k-g6sh into khar-gésh, and so both the epithets have crept into the text, the word ‘ black’ being superfluous. 5 Reading khan-mA4nist, the Paz. khu being an obvious misreading of khan. * The P4z. bez is written bedh in the Pazand MS. (the z in M6 being shaped something like dh), and Justi supposes it represents the Arabic abyadh or bafdh4, ‘white,’ and is explained by the Pers. sapéd, ‘white,’ which follows; but there is nothing in the text to indicate that the second name is an explanation of the first. It is more probable that bez represents the Pers. big4d, ‘reddish, rufous, variegated,’ an epithet quite applicable to the ermine in its summer fur. 7 Or, ‘is known as the musk animal, [5] E 50 BUNDAHIS. the musk axzmal with a bag in which is their pleasant scent, the Bis-musk! which eats the Bisherb, the black musk which is the enemy of the serpent ¢hat zs numerous in rivers, and other species of musk animals. 23. Tenth, one hundred and ten species of birds; flying creatures (vey=vai) such as the griffon bird?, the Karsipt®, the-eagle, the Kahrk&4s‘ which they call the vulture, the crow, the Arda, the crane, avd the tenth® is the bat. 24. There are two of them which have milk in the teat and suckle ¢hetr young, the griffon bird and the bat which flies in the night; as they say that the bat is created of three races (sardak), the race (Ayina) of the dog, the bird, azd the musk anzma/; for it flies like a bird, has many teeth like a dog, and is dwelling in holes like a musk-rat. 25. These hundred and ten species of birds are distributed into eight groups (khaddinak), mostly as_ scattered about as when a man scatters seed, amd drops the seed in Azs fingers to the ground, large, middling, and small. 26. Eleventh °, fish were created of ten ' A kind of musk-rat; the bis it eats is said to be the Napellus Moysis. 2 Pahl. sénd mfrfk, the stmurgh of Persian tradition, and Av. mereghé saéné of Bahram Yt. 41. 8 See Chap. XIX, 16. * See Chap. XIX, 25.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
15. A thousand days and nights they were without eating, and first water and afterwards herbage (airvar) were devoured by them. 6. And, afterwards, the three classes (kardak) of animals were produced therefrom, as it says that first were the goat and sheep, and then the camel 1 Probably kadfik-i raz may mean ‘the pumpkin and grape.’ ? Reading dtl; but the word may also be read sar, ‘ the head,’ or jigar, ‘ the liver.’ 5 See Chap. X, 2. ‘ This translation suits both text and context very well, but gospend pfir-sardak is evidently intended for the Av. g4us pouru-saredh6, ‘the ox of many species,’ of M4h Yt. 0, 7, and Siré6z. 12. 5 Reading mfin aé parasang hum4n4k; if 3 be read for aé the translation must be, ‘three of which are like a Parasang,’ for a HAsar cannot be equal to three Parasangs (see Chaps. XVI, 7, and XXVI). The phrase in the text probably means merely that a HAsar is a measure for long distances, just as a Parasang is. CHAPTER XIV, 3-13. 47 and swine, and then the horse and ass. 7. For, first, those suitable for grazing were created therefrom, those are now kept in the valley (laf); the second created were those of the hill summits (sari déz) 1, which are wide-travellers, azd habits (nihadak) are not taught to them by hand; the third created were ¢hose dwelling in the water. 8. As for the genera (khadfinak), the first genus is that which das the foot cloven in two, and ts suitable for grazing; of which a camel larger than a horse is small azd new-born. 9. The second genus ‘is ass-footed, of which the swift? horse is the largest, and the ass the least. 10. The third genus is that of the five-dividing paw, of which the dog is the largest, and the civet-cat the least. 11. The fourth genus is the flying, of which the griffon of three natures ® is the largest, and the chaffinch ‘ the least. 12. The fifth genus is that of the water, of which the Kar fish > is the largest, and the Nemadu ® the least. 13. These five genera are apportioned out into 1 Justi reads gfrisa&, the Av. gairish446, ‘ mountain-frequenting,’ of Tistar Yt. 36; but this is doubtful. * Pahl. zibal = Pers. zib4l, 5 The Paz. sin-i se avin is the Pahl. sén-i 3 khadfifnak of Chap. XXIV, 11, 29, the Sin bird or Stmurgh of Persian legends, the Av. saéna. The word avin4 is a P&z. misreading either of 4inak, ‘kind, sort,’ or of angan4k, ‘dividing.’ The mixture of P4zand and Pahlavi in this and some other chapters is rather perplexing, but the Pazand misreadings can usually be corrected after transliterating them back into Pahlavi characters. * Reading va taru (Pers. tar). ® See Chaps. XVIII, 3, and XXIV, 13. * If this Pazand word be written in Pahlavi letters it may be read va magan, which may stand for va magil, ‘and the leech;’ but this is very uncertain, 48 BUNDAHIS.
2* Reading va taru (Pers. tar). ® See Chaps. XVIII, 3, and XXIV, 13. * If this Pazand word be written in Pahlavi letters it may be read va magan, which may stand for va magil, ‘and the leech;’ but this is very uncertain, 48 BUNDAHIS. two hundred and eighty-two! species (sardak). 14. First are five species of goat, the ass-goat *, the milch-goat, the mountain-goat, the fawn, azd the common goat. 15. Second, five species of sheep, that with a tail, that which has no tail, the dogsheep, the wether, and the Kdrisk sheep, a sheep whose horn is great; it possesses a grandeur? like unto a horse, avd they use z¢ mostly for a steed (bara), as it is said that Mands&thar kept a Kdrisk as a steed. 16. Third, two species of camel, the mountain one and that suitable for grazing ; for one is fit to keep in the mountain, avd one in the plain; they are one-humped and two-humped. 17. Fourth, fifteen species of ox, the white, mud-coloured 4, red, yellow, black, azd@ dappled, the elk, the buffalo, the camel-leopard ox, the fish-chewing® ox, the Fars ox, the Kagau, avd other species of ox. 18. Fifth, eight species of horse, the Arab, the Persian, the mule °, the ass, the wild ass (gér), the hippopotamus (asp-i Avi), avd other species of horse. 19. Sixth, ten species of dog, the shepherd’s dog, the village-dog which is the house-protector, the blood-hound, the slender hound’, the water- 1 K2o alone has 272 (see Chap. X, 3). ® The khar-bfiz (see Chap. XXIV, 2). * Supposing se koh to be a Pz. misreading of Pahl. suktth. Justi’s translation is: ‘it inhabits the three mountains, like the horse.’ ‘ Paz. ashgun is evidently for Pahl. hasgfin. ® Transcribing the Paz. m&hi khu ush4n.into Pahlavi it may be read m4htka4n-khvashan (khash4n?). ® Instead of these first three species M6 has ‘ the white, black, yellow, bay, and chestnut.’ Kzo omits ‘the ass’ by mistake. 7 These first four species are the Av. pasus-haurvd, vishaurvé, véhunazgé, and tauruné of Vend. V, 92-98, XIII, 21, 26-74, I17, 164, 165. CHAPTER XIV, 14-22. 49 beaver? which they call the water-dog, the fox, the ichneumon (rdsu), the hedgehog which they call ‘ thorny-back,’ the porcupine *, avd the civet-cat; of which, two species are those accustomed ® to burrows, one the fox avd one the ichneumon; and those accustomed to jungle are such as the porcupine which has spines on zés back, and the hedgehog which is similar. 20. Seventh, five species of the black * hare; two are wild species, one dwelling in a burrow’ and one dwelling in the jungle. 21. Eighth, eight species of weasel; one the marten, one the black marten, the squirrel, the Bez ermine *, the white ermine, azd other species of weasel. 22. Ninth, eight species of musk axzmals ; one is that which is recognised by 7¢s musk’, one 1 The Av. bawris up4pé of Aban Yt. 129.
321. Eighth, eight species of weasel; one the marten, one the black marten, the squirrel, the Bez ermine *, the white ermine, azd other species of weasel. 22. Ninth, eight species of musk axzmals ; one is that which is recognised by 7¢s musk’, one 1 The Av. bawris up4pé of Aban Yt. 129. * The word indra has usually been taken as a Paz. misreading of the Pahl. aQdrak (Av. udra, ‘otter, of Vend. XIII, 48, 167, 169, XIV, 2), but this would be more probably read andra. The Pahl. sfigar, ‘porcupine,’ is just as likely to be misread indra, and its meaning suits the context better. * The Paz. 4mokhtesn, which is an ungrammatical form, is evidently a misreading of the Pahl. 4mfitkhtag4n. * Kzo has seya, M6 has zy4gi hest. Perhaps some old copyist has corrected sfy4k-g6sh into khar-gésh, and so both the epithets have crept into the text, the word ‘ black’ being superfluous. 5 Reading khan-mA4nist, the Paz. khu being an obvious misreading of khan. * The P4z. bez is written bedh in the Pazand MS. (the z in M6 being shaped something like dh), and Justi supposes it represents the Arabic abyadh or bafdh4, ‘white,’ and is explained by the Pers. sapéd, ‘white,’ which follows; but there is nothing in the text to indicate that the second name is an explanation of the first. It is more probable that bez represents the Pers. big4d, ‘reddish, rufous, variegated,’ an epithet quite applicable to the ermine in its summer fur. 7 Or, ‘is known as the musk animal, [5] E 50 BUNDAHIS. the musk axzmal with a bag in which is their pleasant scent, the Bis-musk! which eats the Bisherb, the black musk which is the enemy of the serpent ¢hat zs numerous in rivers, and other species of musk animals. 23. Tenth, one hundred and ten species of birds; flying creatures (vey=vai) such as the griffon bird?, the Karsipt®, the-eagle, the Kahrk&4s‘ which they call the vulture, the crow, the Arda, the crane, avd the tenth® is the bat. 24. There are two of them which have milk in the teat and suckle ¢hetr young, the griffon bird and the bat which flies in the night; as they say that the bat is created of three races (sardak), the race (Ayina) of the dog, the bird, azd the musk anzma/; for it flies like a bird, has many teeth like a dog, and is dwelling in holes like a musk-rat. 25. These hundred and ten species of birds are distributed into eight groups (khaddinak), mostly as_ scattered about as when a man scatters seed, amd drops the seed in Azs fingers to the ground, large, middling, and small. 26. Eleventh °, fish were created of ten ' A kind of musk-rat; the bis it eats is said to be the Napellus Moysis. 2 Pahl. sénd mfrfk, the stmurgh of Persian tradition, and Av. mereghé saéné of Bahram Yt. 41. 8 See Chap. XIX, 16. * See Chap. XIX, 25.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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