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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1XXII. 21. On the nature of the five classes of animals ; 5% pages ; see Chap. XIV. 22. On the nature of men; 74 pages; see Chap. XV}. 23. On the nature of generation of every kind; 5 pages; see Chap. XVI. 24. On the nature of plants ; 34 pages; see Chap. XXVII. 25. On the chieftainship of men and animals and every single thing; 24 pages; see Chap. XXIV. 26. On the nature of fire; 44 pages; see Chap. XVII. *27. On the nature of sleep; 24 pages. *28. On the nature of wind and cloud and rain; 94 pages. *29. On the nature of noxious creatures; 44 pages ?, * 30, On the nature of the wolf species; 2 pages. 31. On things of every kind that are created by the spirits®, and the opposition which came upon them; 7} pages; see Chaps. XVIII, XIX. 32. On the religious year; 4 pages; see Chaps. XXV, XXVI. * 33. On the great exploits of the celestial angels; 174 pages. 34. On the evil-doing of Aharman and the demons; 7 pages, as in Chap. XXVIII. * TD contains half a page more near the beginning, and a page and a half more at the end. * Probably Chap. XXIII of the translation forms a part either of this chapter or the next. 3 This word is doubtful. INTRODUCTION. | XXXVil *35. On the body of man and the opinion of the world?!; 7 pages. 36. On the spzritual chieftainship of the regions of the earth; 34 pages, as in Chap. XXIX. *37. On the Xinvad bridge and the souls of the departed; 54 pages. *38. On the celebrated provinces of the country of Iran, the residence of the Kay4ns; 5 pages. * 39. On the calamities of various millenniums happening to the country of Iran; 83 pages %. 40. On the resurrection and future existence; 63 pages; see Chap. XXX. ‘ 41. On the race and offspring of the Kay4ns; 82 pages, as in Chaps. XXXI-X XXIII. 42. On the computation of years of the Arabs ; 23 pages; see Chap. XXXIV. Comparing this list of contents with the text in K20, as published in Westergaard’s lithographed facsimile edition, it appears that TD contains, not only fifteen extra chapters, but also very much additional matter in the chapters corresponding to Chaps. I, II, V, XVI, XXVIII, and XXXI of the translation in this volume, and smaller additions to those corresponding to Chaps. III, IV, XV, XVII, and XXXIV. The arrangement of the chapters in TD is also much more methodical than in the Indian MSS., especially with regard to Chaps. XX, XXI, XXII, and XXVII, which evidently occupy their proper position in TD; and so far as Chap. XX is concerned, this arrangement is confirmed by the insertion of its first sentence between Chaps. XIII and XIV in the Indian MSS., which indicates that the whole chapter must have been in that position in some older copy. In fact, the Indian MSS. must probably be now regarded merely as collections of 1 The meaning is doubtful and must depend upon the context. 2 This chapter begins with a translation of the first fargard of the Vendidad, and concludes with an account of buildings erected by various kings.
2In fact, the Indian MSS. must probably be now regarded merely as collections of 1 The meaning is doubtful and must depend upon the context. 2 This chapter begins with a translation of the first fargard of the Vendidad, and concludes with an account of buildings erected by various kings. 3 Containing an account of the kings reigning in the various millenniums, and concluding with prophecies similar to those in the Bahman Yast, XXXVill PAHLAVI TEXTS. extracts from the original work; this has been long suspected from the fragmentary character of the text they contain, but it could hardly be proved until a more complete text had been discovered. Whether TD may be considered as a copy of the text as it stood originally, or merely of an after recension of the work, can hardly be determined with certainty until the whole contents of the manuscript have been carefully examined ; it is, therefore, to be hoped that its owner will be induced to publish a lithographed facsimile of the whole, after the manner of Westergaard’s edition. So far as appears in the lengthy and valuable extracts, with which he has kindly favoured me, no decided difference of style can be detected between the additional matter and the text hitherto known, nor any inconsistencies more striking than such as sometimes occur in the Indian MSS. On the other hand, it will be noticed that heading No. 25 in the list of contents seems to be misplaced, which is an argument against the text being in its original state; and the style of the Bundahis is so much less involved and obscure than that of the Selections of Zad-sparam (see Appendix to the Bundahis), which treat of some of the same subjects, that it may be fairly suspected of having been written originally in a different age. But the writer of the text, as it appears in TD, calls Zad-sparam! one of his contemporaries (see Chap. XX XIII, 10, 11 of the translation); it may, therefore, be suspected that he merely re-edited an old text with some additions of his own, which, however, are rather difficult to distinguish from the rest. No stress can be laid upon peculiarities of orthography in TD, as they are, in all likelihood, attributable to copyists long subsequent to Z4d-sparam’s contemporaries. Any future translator of the Bundahis will probably have to take the text in TD as the nearest ‘accessible approach to the original work ; but the present translation is based, as heretofore, upon the text in K20, corrected in many places from M6, but with due care not to adopt ‘ He writes the name Zad-sparham, INTRODUCTION. XXXIX readings which seem due to the illegibility of the original from which M6 was copied, as already explained. In Chaps. XXVIII, XXIX, XXXI, XXXII, and XXXIII, however, TD has been taken as a principal authority, merely checked by K20, and having its additional passages carefully indicated; and in Chap. XX XI, K20b has also been consulted.
3In Chaps. XXVIII, XXIX, XXXI, XXXII, and XXXIII, however, TD has been taken as a principal authority, merely checked by K20, and having its additional passages carefully indicated; and in Chap. XX XI, K20b has also been consulted. Since the present translation was printed, any lingering doubts, as to the genuineness of the text in TD, have been, in a great measure, dissipated by the discovery that a small fragment! of an old MS. of the Bundahis, which has long been in Europe, is evidently a portion of a text of similar character to TD, and of exactly the same extent. This small fragment consists of two folios belonging to an old MS. brought from Persia by the late Professor Westergaard in 1843-44, and which is evidently the codex mentioned by him in the preface to his Zend-Avesta, p. 8, note 3. These two folios, which are numbered 130 and 131 in Persian words, now form the commencement of this old mutilated MS., of which the first 129 folios have been lost. They contain very little more than one page of the Bundahis text, namely, the last sentences of the last chapter (corresponding to Bund. XXXIV, 7-9), followed by a colophon occupying less than two pages. This fragment of the text contains some additional details not found in the Indian MSS., as well as a few other variations of no great importance. It may be translated as follows :— ‘[. . . . Sahm? was in those reigns of AQz6b6, Kavad, and Mantskihar.] Kai-Kayds, till 42s going to the sky, seventy-five years, and after that, seventy-five years, altogether a hundred and fifty years; Kai-Khisrébé sixty 1 I am indebted to Professor G. Hoffmann, of Kiel, for directing my attention to this fragment, and also for kindly sending me a facsimile of it. It hdd been recognised as a portion of the Bundahis by Dr. Andreas some years ago, and probably by the owner of the MS., the late Professor Westergaard, long before that. ? See Bund. XXXI, 27. As the beginning of this sentence is lost, its translation is uncertain. Details not found in K2o and M6 are here enclosed in brackets, and words added by the translator to complete the sense are printed in italics. xl PAHLAVI TEXTS. years; Kai-Léhardsp a hundred and twenty years; Kai- Vistasp, till the coming of the religion, thirty years; [total (mar) one thousand years'. Then the millennium reign came to Capricornus, and Zaratihast? the Spitaman, with tidings (pétkhambarih) from the creator Adharmazd, came to King Vistasp ; and Vistasp was king,]| after receiving the religion, ninety years. ‘Vohdman, son of Spend-dad, a hundred and twelve years; Hamai, daughter of Vohiman, thirty years; D4&rdi, son of Kihar-Azdd, that is, of the daughter of Vohiman, twelve years; D4arai, son of Darai, fourteen years; and Alexander the Riman® fourteen years. ©
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1XXII. 21. On the nature of the five classes of animals ; 5% pages ; see Chap. XIV. 22. On the nature of men; 74 pages; see Chap. XV}. 23. On the nature of generation of every kind; 5 pages; see Chap. XVI. 24. On the nature of plants ; 34 pages; see Chap. XXVII. 25. On the chieftainship of men and animals and every single thing; 24 pages; see Chap. XXIV. 26. On the nature of fire; 44 pages; see Chap. XVII. *27. On the nature of sleep; 24 pages. *28. On the nature of wind and cloud and rain; 94 pages. *29. On the nature of noxious creatures; 44 pages ?, * 30, On the nature of the wolf species; 2 pages. 31. On things of every kind that are created by the spirits®, and the opposition which came upon them; 7} pages; see Chaps. XVIII, XIX. 32. On the religious year; 4 pages; see Chaps. XXV, XXVI. * 33. On the great exploits of the celestial angels; 174 pages. 34. On the evil-doing of Aharman and the demons; 7 pages, as in Chap. XXVIII. * TD contains half a page more near the beginning, and a page and a half more at the end. * Probably Chap. XXIII of the translation forms a part either of this chapter or the next. 3 This word is doubtful. INTRODUCTION. | XXXVil *35. On the body of man and the opinion of the world?!; 7 pages. 36. On the spzritual chieftainship of the regions of the earth; 34 pages, as in Chap. XXIX. *37. On the Xinvad bridge and the souls of the departed; 54 pages. *38. On the celebrated provinces of the country of Iran, the residence of the Kay4ns; 5 pages. * 39. On the calamities of various millenniums happening to the country of Iran; 83 pages %. 40. On the resurrection and future existence; 63 pages; see Chap. XXX. ‘ 41. On the race and offspring of the Kay4ns; 82 pages, as in Chaps. XXXI-X XXIII. 42. On the computation of years of the Arabs ; 23 pages; see Chap. XXXIV. Comparing this list of contents with the text in K20, as published in Westergaard’s lithographed facsimile edition, it appears that TD contains, not only fifteen extra chapters, but also very much additional matter in the chapters corresponding to Chaps. I, II, V, XVI, XXVIII, and XXXI of the translation in this volume, and smaller additions to those corresponding to Chaps. III, IV, XV, XVII, and XXXIV. The arrangement of the chapters in TD is also much more methodical than in the Indian MSS., especially with regard to Chaps. XX, XXI, XXII, and XXVII, which evidently occupy their proper position in TD; and so far as Chap. XX is concerned, this arrangement is confirmed by the insertion of its first sentence between Chaps. XIII and XIV in the Indian MSS., which indicates that the whole chapter must have been in that position in some older copy. In fact, the Indian MSS. must probably be now regarded merely as collections of 1 The meaning is doubtful and must depend upon the context. 2 This chapter begins with a translation of the first fargard of the Vendidad, and concludes with an account of buildings erected by various kings.
2In fact, the Indian MSS. must probably be now regarded merely as collections of 1 The meaning is doubtful and must depend upon the context. 2 This chapter begins with a translation of the first fargard of the Vendidad, and concludes with an account of buildings erected by various kings. 3 Containing an account of the kings reigning in the various millenniums, and concluding with prophecies similar to those in the Bahman Yast, XXXVill PAHLAVI TEXTS. extracts from the original work; this has been long suspected from the fragmentary character of the text they contain, but it could hardly be proved until a more complete text had been discovered. Whether TD may be considered as a copy of the text as it stood originally, or merely of an after recension of the work, can hardly be determined with certainty until the whole contents of the manuscript have been carefully examined ; it is, therefore, to be hoped that its owner will be induced to publish a lithographed facsimile of the whole, after the manner of Westergaard’s edition. So far as appears in the lengthy and valuable extracts, with which he has kindly favoured me, no decided difference of style can be detected between the additional matter and the text hitherto known, nor any inconsistencies more striking than such as sometimes occur in the Indian MSS. On the other hand, it will be noticed that heading No. 25 in the list of contents seems to be misplaced, which is an argument against the text being in its original state; and the style of the Bundahis is so much less involved and obscure than that of the Selections of Zad-sparam (see Appendix to the Bundahis), which treat of some of the same subjects, that it may be fairly suspected of having been written originally in a different age. But the writer of the text, as it appears in TD, calls Zad-sparam! one of his contemporaries (see Chap. XX XIII, 10, 11 of the translation); it may, therefore, be suspected that he merely re-edited an old text with some additions of his own, which, however, are rather difficult to distinguish from the rest. No stress can be laid upon peculiarities of orthography in TD, as they are, in all likelihood, attributable to copyists long subsequent to Z4d-sparam’s contemporaries. Any future translator of the Bundahis will probably have to take the text in TD as the nearest ‘accessible approach to the original work ; but the present translation is based, as heretofore, upon the text in K20, corrected in many places from M6, but with due care not to adopt ‘ He writes the name Zad-sparham, INTRODUCTION. XXXIX readings which seem due to the illegibility of the original from which M6 was copied, as already explained. In Chaps. XXVIII, XXIX, XXXI, XXXII, and XXXIII, however, TD has been taken as a principal authority, merely checked by K20, and having its additional passages carefully indicated; and in Chap. XX XI, K20b has also been consulted.
3In Chaps. XXVIII, XXIX, XXXI, XXXII, and XXXIII, however, TD has been taken as a principal authority, merely checked by K20, and having its additional passages carefully indicated; and in Chap. XX XI, K20b has also been consulted. Since the present translation was printed, any lingering doubts, as to the genuineness of the text in TD, have been, in a great measure, dissipated by the discovery that a small fragment! of an old MS. of the Bundahis, which has long been in Europe, is evidently a portion of a text of similar character to TD, and of exactly the same extent. This small fragment consists of two folios belonging to an old MS. brought from Persia by the late Professor Westergaard in 1843-44, and which is evidently the codex mentioned by him in the preface to his Zend-Avesta, p. 8, note 3. These two folios, which are numbered 130 and 131 in Persian words, now form the commencement of this old mutilated MS., of which the first 129 folios have been lost. They contain very little more than one page of the Bundahis text, namely, the last sentences of the last chapter (corresponding to Bund. XXXIV, 7-9), followed by a colophon occupying less than two pages. This fragment of the text contains some additional details not found in the Indian MSS., as well as a few other variations of no great importance. It may be translated as follows :— ‘[. . . . Sahm? was in those reigns of AQz6b6, Kavad, and Mantskihar.] Kai-Kayds, till 42s going to the sky, seventy-five years, and after that, seventy-five years, altogether a hundred and fifty years; Kai-Khisrébé sixty 1 I am indebted to Professor G. Hoffmann, of Kiel, for directing my attention to this fragment, and also for kindly sending me a facsimile of it. It hdd been recognised as a portion of the Bundahis by Dr. Andreas some years ago, and probably by the owner of the MS., the late Professor Westergaard, long before that. ? See Bund. XXXI, 27. As the beginning of this sentence is lost, its translation is uncertain. Details not found in K2o and M6 are here enclosed in brackets, and words added by the translator to complete the sense are printed in italics. xl PAHLAVI TEXTS. years; Kai-Léhardsp a hundred and twenty years; Kai- Vistasp, till the coming of the religion, thirty years; [total (mar) one thousand years'. Then the millennium reign came to Capricornus, and Zaratihast? the Spitaman, with tidings (pétkhambarih) from the creator Adharmazd, came to King Vistasp ; and Vistasp was king,]| after receiving the religion, ninety years. ‘Vohdman, son of Spend-dad, a hundred and twelve years; Hamai, daughter of Vohiman, thirty years; D4&rdi, son of Kihar-Azdd, that is, of the daughter of Vohiman, twelve years; D4arai, son of Darai, fourteen years; and Alexander the Riman® fourteen years. ©
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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