Fetching
One moment.
Fetching
One moment.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
126. Eleventh °, fish were created of ten ' A kind of musk-rat; the bis it eats is said to be the Napellus Moysis. 2 Pahl. sénd mfrfk, the stmurgh of Persian tradition, and Av. mereghé saéné of Bahram Yt. 41. 8 See Chap. XIX, 16. * See Chap. XIX, 25. ® Counting the ‘flying creatures’ and ‘the vulture’ as distinct species, ‘the bat’ is the tenth. It has been generally supposed that we should read ‘ eleventh,’ and consider the bats as an eleventh group, especially as the MSS. call the next group (the fish) the ‘twelfth ;’ but this view is contradicted by the remarks about the bats being mingled with those about the birds, and also by Zadsparam in his Selections, Chap. IX, 14 (see App. to Bund.), not mentioning any group of bats among the other animals. ® All the MSS. have ‘twelfth,’ but they give no ‘eleventh’ nor ‘thirteenth,’ though they have ‘fourteenth’ in § 29. These irre- CHAPTER XIV, 23-29. 51 species; first, the fish Ariz!, the Arzuva, the Arzuké, the Marzuk4, azd other Avesta names ?. 27. Afterwards, within each species, species within species are created, so the total is two hundred and eighty-two species *. 28. Of the dog they say that out of the star station, that is, away from the direction of the constellation Hapt6k-ring, was given to him further by a stage (yégist)* than to men, on account of zs protection of sheep, avd as associating with sheep and men; for this the dog is purposely adapted 5, as three more kinds of advantage are given to him than 4o man, he has his own boots, his own clothing*, and may wander about without self-exertion. 29. The twelfth’ is the sharp-toothed beast of gularities seem to indicate that part of this chapter has been omitted by some old copyist. » See Chaps. XVIII, 5, and XXIV, 13. * None of these names are found in the portion of the Avesta now extant. ®’ Kzo alone has 272 (see Chap. X, 3). The actual total number of species mentioned is’ 186, leaving ninety-six for the ‘species within species.’ Zéd-sparam in his Selections, Chap. IX, 14, differs from the numbers given in the text merely in giving ten species of ox, instead of fifteen; so the total of his details is 181, leaving ror sub-species to make up his grand total of 282 (see App. to Bund.) * A yégist (compare Sans. yogana) was probably from fifteen to sixteen English miles, as it consisted of sixteen hAsar, each of one thousand steps of the two feet (see Chap. XXVI, 1). This sentence seems to imply that on account of the useful qualities of the dog he has a part of the lowermost grade of paradise allotted to him, further from the demon-haunted north than that allotted to the men whose inferior order of merit does not entitle them to enter the higher grades of paradise. 5 Reading 4hang-hémand, ‘having a purpose.’ * Compare Vend. XIII, 106, 7 All the MSS. have ‘ fourteenth,’ but they give no ‘ thirteenth,’ E 2 52 BUNDAHIS.
25 Reading 4hang-hémand, ‘having a purpose.’ * Compare Vend. XIII, 106, 7 All the MSS. have ‘ fourteenth,’ but they give no ‘ thirteenth,’ E 2 52 BUNDAHIS. which the leader of the flock is in such great fear, for that flock of sheep is very badly maintained which has no dog. 30. Adharmazd said when the bird Varesha! was created by him, whzch is a bird of prey, thus: ‘Thou art created by me, O bird V4resha! so that my vexation may be greater than my satisfaction with thee, for thou doest the will of the evil spirit more than that of me; like the wicked man who did not become satiated with wealth, thou also dost not become satiated with the slaughter of birds; but if thou be not created by me, O bird V4resha! thou wouldst be created by him, the evil spirit, as a kite * with the body of a Varpa*, by which no creature would be left alive.’ 31. Many animals are created in all these species for this reason, that when one shall be perishing through the evil spirit, one shall remain. CHAPTER XV. 1. On the nature of men it says in revelation, that Gayémard, in passing away‘, gave forth seed ; that seed was thoroughly purified by the motion of 1 No doubt ‘a hawk’ (Pers. vasah or b4sah), as mentioned by Justi; Av. vare would become v4 or b4 in Persian. ® Compare gfirtk with Pers. varik, varka, vark4k, varkak, varg4h, ‘an eagle, falcon, kite, or hawk.’ 8 Transcribing the Paz. varpa @yi into Pahlavi we have varpak-aé, which is very nearly the same in form as varfkak-aé, ‘a hut or cottage’ (Pers. gurifah-€); so the formidable bird which the evil spirit might have created was ‘a kite with a body like a cottage.’ * See Chap. IV, 1. CHAPTER XIV, 30-XV, 4. 53 the light of the sun, and Néryésang? kept charge of two portions, and Spendarmad? received one portion. 2. And zm forty years, with the shape of a one-stemmed Rivads-p/ant*, and the fifteen years of zés fifteen leaves, Matré and Matréy46‘* grew up from the earth in such a manner that their arms rested behind on ¢hety shoulders (désh), and one joined to the other they were connected together and both alike. 3. And the waists of both of them were brought close avd so connected together that it was not clear which is the male and which the female, and which is the ove whose living soul (nismé6) of Afharmazd is not away® 4. As it is said thus: ‘Which is created before, the soul (nism6) or the body? And Afharmazd said that the soul is created before, and the body after, for him who was 1 Av. Nairyé-sangha of Yas. XVII, 68, LXX, 92, Vend. XIX, 111, 112, XXII, 22, &c.; the angel who is said to be Adharmazd’s usual messenger to mankind. * The female archangel who is supposed to have special charge of the earth (see Chap. I, 26). 5 A plant allied to the rhubarb, the shoots of which supply an acid juice used by the Persians for acidulating preserves and drinks.
3* The female archangel who is supposed to have special charge of the earth (see Chap. I, 26). 5 A plant allied to the rhubarb, the shoots of which supply an acid juice used by the Persians for acidulating preserves and drinks. ‘ These names are merely variants of the Mashya and MAshyét of the latter part of this chapter (nom. dual, m. and f., of Av. mashya, ‘mortal’). This is shown by the Pandn4mak-i Zaratfist, saying: ‘and my human nature is from Matréth and Matr6yadih, from which first generation and seed from GAayémard I have sprung.’ And the names are also found in the more Persian forms Maharth and Maharfyaéyth (see the note to § 22). Windischmann considered the meaning to be that ‘they grew up on the day Mitré of the month Mitré6,’ that is, the sixteenth day of the seventh month of the Parsi year; this is not confirmed, however, by Zadsparam in his Selections, Chap. X, 4 (see App. to Bund.) 5 That is, whether they had souls or not. That nismé6 is the Huzvaris for rfb4n, ‘soul,’ appears clearly in § 4, where both words are used for the same thing. 54 BUNDAHIs. created; it is given into the body that it may produce activity, and the body is created only for activity;’ hence the conclusion is this, that the soul (rdb4n) is created before and the body after. 5. And both of them changed from the shape of a plant into the shape of man, and the breath (nism6) went spiritually into them, which is the soul (rab4n); and now, moreover, in that similitude a tree had grown up whose fruit was the ten varieties of man}. 6. Adtharmazd spoke to Mashya and Mashyédt thus: ‘You are man, you are the ancestry of the world, and you are created perfect in devotion? by me; perform devotedly the duty of the law, think good thoughts, speak good words, do good deeds, and worship no demons!’ 7. Both of them first thought this, that one of them should please the other, as he is a man for him; and the first deed done by them was this, when they went out they washed* themselves thoroughly; and the first words spoken by them were these, that Adharmazd created the water and earth, plants and animals, the stars, moon, and sun, and all prosperity whose origin and effect are from the manifestation of righteousness‘, 8. And, afterwards, antagonism rushed into their minds, and their minds were 1 This evidently refers to another tree, which is supposed to have produced the ten varieties of human monstrosities (see § 31). _ ” This would be a translation of the Avesta phrase, ‘the best of Armaiti (the spirit of the earth).’ 5 Comparing mégtd with Pers. magid; but the verb is very ambiguous, as it may mean, ‘they feasted themselves,’ or ‘they made water.’ . * The last phrase appears to be quoted from the Pahlavi Had6kht Nask, I, 2. CHAPTER XV, 5-13. 55
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
126. Eleventh °, fish were created of ten ' A kind of musk-rat; the bis it eats is said to be the Napellus Moysis. 2 Pahl. sénd mfrfk, the stmurgh of Persian tradition, and Av. mereghé saéné of Bahram Yt. 41. 8 See Chap. XIX, 16. * See Chap. XIX, 25. ® Counting the ‘flying creatures’ and ‘the vulture’ as distinct species, ‘the bat’ is the tenth. It has been generally supposed that we should read ‘ eleventh,’ and consider the bats as an eleventh group, especially as the MSS. call the next group (the fish) the ‘twelfth ;’ but this view is contradicted by the remarks about the bats being mingled with those about the birds, and also by Zadsparam in his Selections, Chap. IX, 14 (see App. to Bund.), not mentioning any group of bats among the other animals. ® All the MSS. have ‘twelfth,’ but they give no ‘eleventh’ nor ‘thirteenth,’ though they have ‘fourteenth’ in § 29. These irre- CHAPTER XIV, 23-29. 51 species; first, the fish Ariz!, the Arzuva, the Arzuké, the Marzuk4, azd other Avesta names ?. 27. Afterwards, within each species, species within species are created, so the total is two hundred and eighty-two species *. 28. Of the dog they say that out of the star station, that is, away from the direction of the constellation Hapt6k-ring, was given to him further by a stage (yégist)* than to men, on account of zs protection of sheep, avd as associating with sheep and men; for this the dog is purposely adapted 5, as three more kinds of advantage are given to him than 4o man, he has his own boots, his own clothing*, and may wander about without self-exertion. 29. The twelfth’ is the sharp-toothed beast of gularities seem to indicate that part of this chapter has been omitted by some old copyist. » See Chaps. XVIII, 5, and XXIV, 13. * None of these names are found in the portion of the Avesta now extant. ®’ Kzo alone has 272 (see Chap. X, 3). The actual total number of species mentioned is’ 186, leaving ninety-six for the ‘species within species.’ Zéd-sparam in his Selections, Chap. IX, 14, differs from the numbers given in the text merely in giving ten species of ox, instead of fifteen; so the total of his details is 181, leaving ror sub-species to make up his grand total of 282 (see App. to Bund.) * A yégist (compare Sans. yogana) was probably from fifteen to sixteen English miles, as it consisted of sixteen hAsar, each of one thousand steps of the two feet (see Chap. XXVI, 1). This sentence seems to imply that on account of the useful qualities of the dog he has a part of the lowermost grade of paradise allotted to him, further from the demon-haunted north than that allotted to the men whose inferior order of merit does not entitle them to enter the higher grades of paradise. 5 Reading 4hang-hémand, ‘having a purpose.’ * Compare Vend. XIII, 106, 7 All the MSS. have ‘ fourteenth,’ but they give no ‘ thirteenth,’ E 2 52 BUNDAHIS.
25 Reading 4hang-hémand, ‘having a purpose.’ * Compare Vend. XIII, 106, 7 All the MSS. have ‘ fourteenth,’ but they give no ‘ thirteenth,’ E 2 52 BUNDAHIS. which the leader of the flock is in such great fear, for that flock of sheep is very badly maintained which has no dog. 30. Adharmazd said when the bird Varesha! was created by him, whzch is a bird of prey, thus: ‘Thou art created by me, O bird V4resha! so that my vexation may be greater than my satisfaction with thee, for thou doest the will of the evil spirit more than that of me; like the wicked man who did not become satiated with wealth, thou also dost not become satiated with the slaughter of birds; but if thou be not created by me, O bird V4resha! thou wouldst be created by him, the evil spirit, as a kite * with the body of a Varpa*, by which no creature would be left alive.’ 31. Many animals are created in all these species for this reason, that when one shall be perishing through the evil spirit, one shall remain. CHAPTER XV. 1. On the nature of men it says in revelation, that Gayémard, in passing away‘, gave forth seed ; that seed was thoroughly purified by the motion of 1 No doubt ‘a hawk’ (Pers. vasah or b4sah), as mentioned by Justi; Av. vare would become v4 or b4 in Persian. ® Compare gfirtk with Pers. varik, varka, vark4k, varkak, varg4h, ‘an eagle, falcon, kite, or hawk.’ 8 Transcribing the Paz. varpa @yi into Pahlavi we have varpak-aé, which is very nearly the same in form as varfkak-aé, ‘a hut or cottage’ (Pers. gurifah-€); so the formidable bird which the evil spirit might have created was ‘a kite with a body like a cottage.’ * See Chap. IV, 1. CHAPTER XIV, 30-XV, 4. 53 the light of the sun, and Néryésang? kept charge of two portions, and Spendarmad? received one portion. 2. And zm forty years, with the shape of a one-stemmed Rivads-p/ant*, and the fifteen years of zés fifteen leaves, Matré and Matréy46‘* grew up from the earth in such a manner that their arms rested behind on ¢hety shoulders (désh), and one joined to the other they were connected together and both alike. 3. And the waists of both of them were brought close avd so connected together that it was not clear which is the male and which the female, and which is the ove whose living soul (nismé6) of Afharmazd is not away® 4. As it is said thus: ‘Which is created before, the soul (nism6) or the body? And Afharmazd said that the soul is created before, and the body after, for him who was 1 Av. Nairyé-sangha of Yas. XVII, 68, LXX, 92, Vend. XIX, 111, 112, XXII, 22, &c.; the angel who is said to be Adharmazd’s usual messenger to mankind. * The female archangel who is supposed to have special charge of the earth (see Chap. I, 26). 5 A plant allied to the rhubarb, the shoots of which supply an acid juice used by the Persians for acidulating preserves and drinks.
3* The female archangel who is supposed to have special charge of the earth (see Chap. I, 26). 5 A plant allied to the rhubarb, the shoots of which supply an acid juice used by the Persians for acidulating preserves and drinks. ‘ These names are merely variants of the Mashya and MAshyét of the latter part of this chapter (nom. dual, m. and f., of Av. mashya, ‘mortal’). This is shown by the Pandn4mak-i Zaratfist, saying: ‘and my human nature is from Matréth and Matr6yadih, from which first generation and seed from GAayémard I have sprung.’ And the names are also found in the more Persian forms Maharth and Maharfyaéyth (see the note to § 22). Windischmann considered the meaning to be that ‘they grew up on the day Mitré of the month Mitré6,’ that is, the sixteenth day of the seventh month of the Parsi year; this is not confirmed, however, by Zadsparam in his Selections, Chap. X, 4 (see App. to Bund.) 5 That is, whether they had souls or not. That nismé6 is the Huzvaris for rfb4n, ‘soul,’ appears clearly in § 4, where both words are used for the same thing. 54 BUNDAHIs. created; it is given into the body that it may produce activity, and the body is created only for activity;’ hence the conclusion is this, that the soul (rdb4n) is created before and the body after. 5. And both of them changed from the shape of a plant into the shape of man, and the breath (nism6) went spiritually into them, which is the soul (rab4n); and now, moreover, in that similitude a tree had grown up whose fruit was the ten varieties of man}. 6. Adtharmazd spoke to Mashya and Mashyédt thus: ‘You are man, you are the ancestry of the world, and you are created perfect in devotion? by me; perform devotedly the duty of the law, think good thoughts, speak good words, do good deeds, and worship no demons!’ 7. Both of them first thought this, that one of them should please the other, as he is a man for him; and the first deed done by them was this, when they went out they washed* themselves thoroughly; and the first words spoken by them were these, that Adharmazd created the water and earth, plants and animals, the stars, moon, and sun, and all prosperity whose origin and effect are from the manifestation of righteousness‘, 8. And, afterwards, antagonism rushed into their minds, and their minds were 1 This evidently refers to another tree, which is supposed to have produced the ten varieties of human monstrosities (see § 31). _ ” This would be a translation of the Avesta phrase, ‘the best of Armaiti (the spirit of the earth).’ 5 Comparing mégtd with Pers. magid; but the verb is very ambiguous, as it may mean, ‘they feasted themselves,’ or ‘they made water.’ . * The last phrase appears to be quoted from the Pahlavi Had6kht Nask, I, 2. CHAPTER XV, 5-13. 55
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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