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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Vehrkana (Hyrcania) of Vend. I, 42, which is Gdrg4n in Pahlavi. CHAPTER XX, 20-30. 81 the sea of Giklan', azd flows to the sea of Vergan?. 25. The Zah4vayi® is the river whzch comes out from Ataré-patak4n, and flows to the sea in Pars. 26. The sources of the Khvaraé‘ river are from Spahan°; it passes on through Khdgist4n, flows forth to the Diglat® river, and in Sp4han they call it the Mesrk4n’? river. 27. The Harhaz® river is in Taparistan, and its sources are from Mount Dimdavand. 28. The Teremet? river flows away to the Véh river. 29. The Vendeses?® river is in that part of Pars which they call Sagastén. 30, The Kasak” river comes out through a ravine (k4f) in the province of Tfs!*, and they call it there the Kasp river; more- ‘M6 has P&z. Key4seh, but this is in Sagastén (see Chap. XIII, 16). * The MSS. have Verg4, but the final nasal after 4 is often omitted in P4zand readings in the Bundahis. * Not mentioned in § 7. Possibly one of the rivers Z4b, which rise on the borders of Adarbig4n, flow into the Tigris, and so reach the Persian Gulf, the sea on the coast of Pars. Or it may be the Shirvan, another affluent of the Tigris, which flows through the district of Zohab. * The Kuran, upon which the town of Shfistar was founded by one of the early Sasanian kings, who also dug a canal, east of the town, so as to form a loop branch of the river; this canal was called Nahr-i Masrfig4n by Oriental geographers (see Rawlinson, Journal Roy. Geogr. Soc. vol. ix. pp. 73-75). ® Ispahan in Persian. * Miswritten Dayrid in Pazand (see § 12). 7 Written in Pazand without the final n, as usual. This is the old name of the canal forming the eastern branch of the Kuran at Shistar; it is now called Ab-i Gargar. * Flows into the Caspian near Amfil. * Probably the river which flows into the Amf (Oxus) at Tarmaz; but, in that case, the Oxus is here again identified with the Véh (Indus) as in § 22, instead of the Arag (Araxes) as in § 8. © Called Khvanatdis, or Khvanainidis, in § 7. " Called KAstk in § 7. 12 Close to Meshhed. {s] G 82 BUNDAHIS. over, the river, which is there the Véh, they call the Kasak?; even in Sind they call 2¢ the Kasak. 31. The Péd4k-miy4n ?, which is the river Xatru-miyan, is that which is in Kangdez*, 32. The Daraga river is in Airan-vég, on the bank (b4r) of which was the dwelling of Pérdshasp, the father of Zaratdst*. 33. The other innumerable waters and rivers, springs avd channels are one in origin with those °; so in various districts azd various places they call them by various names.
2The Daraga river is in Airan-vég, on the bank (b4r) of which was the dwelling of Pérdshasp, the father of Zaratdst*. 33. The other innumerable waters and rivers, springs avd channels are one in origin with those °; so in various districts azd various places they call them by various names. 34. Regarding Frdsiyav® they say, that a thousand springs were conducted away by him into the sea Kydnsih’, suitable for horses, suitable for camels, suitable for oxen, suitable for asses, both great and small*; and he conducted the spring Zarinmand (or golden source), which is the Hétdmand ® river, they say, into the same sea; and he conducted the seven navigable waters of the source of the Va#aéni?® river into the same sea, and made men settle ¢here. 1 Or, ‘this same Véh river they call there the K4sak; even in Sénf they call ## the K4sak;’ Sénf is apt to be miswritten Sénd or Sind (see Chap. XV, 29). 2 See § 7. The latter half of both names can also be read ‘ m&han, m&hé, or mahan. Péshyétan, son of Vistésp, seems to have taken a surname from this river (see Chap. XXIX, 5). * See Chap. XXIX, 10. * See Chaps. XXIV, 15, XXXII, 1, 2. 5 Or, ‘are from those as a source.’ * The MSS. have ‘Pérfshasp,’ but compare § 17 and Chap. XXI, 6. The two names are somewhat alike in Pahlavi writing. 7 See Chap. XIII, 16. * Compare Chap. XIX, 6. Kzo omits the words ‘suitable for asses ’ here. * Another Hétmand according to § 17. Possibly a dried-up bed of that river. © K2o has Vataéni; 4 and t being much alike in Pazand. The CHAPTER XX, 3I-—XxXI, 2. 83 CyHarpTter XXI}, 1. In revelation they mention seventeen ? species of liquid (may4), as one liquid resides in plants °; second, that which is flowing from the mountains, that is; the rivers; third, that which is rain-water ; fourth, that of tanks ad other special constructions ; fifth, the semen of animals and men; sixth, the urine of animals and men‘; seventh, the sweat of animals and men; the eighth liquid is that in the skin of animals and men; ninth, the tears of animals and men; tenth, the blood of animals and men; eleventh, the oil in animals and men, a necessary in both worlds®; twelfth, the saliva of animals and men, with which they nourish the embryo®; the thirteenth is that which is under the bark’ of plants, as it is said that every bark has a liquid, through which a drop appears on a twig (tékh) when placed four finger-breadths before a fire®; fourteenth, the milk of animals and men. 2. All these, through growth, or ‘navigable (ndvtak) waters’ may be ‘the N4vada river’ of § 7, ‘the river Nahvtak’ of Chap. XXI, 6, and Naivtak of Chap. XXIX, 4, 5. 1 This chapter is evidently a continuation of the preceding one. 3 Only fourteen are mentioned in the details which follow. ® Most of these details are derived from the Pahl. Yas. XX XVIII, 7-9, 13, 143 and several varieties of water are also described in Yas. LXVII, 15. * This sixth liquid is omitted by K2o.
33 Only fourteen are mentioned in the details which follow. ® Most of these details are derived from the Pahl. Yas. XX XVIII, 7-9, 13, 143 and several varieties of water are also described in Yas. LXVII, 15. * This sixth liquid is omitted by K2o. 5 Departed souls are said to be fed with oil in paradise. * K2o omits the word pfs, ‘ embryo.’ 7 The meaning ‘bark’ for Pz. ay van is merely a guess; Anquetil has ‘sap’ (compare Pers. Avin4, ‘ juice’), but this is hardly consistent with the rest of the sentence. * See Chap. XXVII, 25. G2 84 BUNDAHIS. the body which is formed, mingle again with the rivers, for the body which is formed and the growth are both one. 3. This, too, they say, that of these three rivers, that is, the Arag river, the Marv river, and the Véh! river, the spirits were dissatisfied, so that they would not flow into the world, owing to the defilement of stagnant water (armést) which they beheld, so that they were in tribulation through it until Zaratist was exhibited to them, whom I (Aftharmazd) will create, who w2// pour sixfold holy-water (zér) into it avd make z¢ again wholesome; he will preach carefulness?, 4. This, too, it says, that, of water whose holy-water is more and pollution less, the holy-water has come in excess, ad in three years it goes back to the sources*; ¢haé¢ of which the pollution and holy-water have both become equal, arrives back in six years; ¢hat of which the pollution is more and holy-water less, arrives back in nine years. 5. So, also, the growth of plants is connected, in this manner, strongly with the root‘; so, likewise, the blessings (4frin) which the righteous utter, come back, in this proportion, to themselves. 6. Regarding the river Nahvtaék® it says, that Frastyav of Tar conducted it away; and when @ * K2o has ‘ Hétfimand,’ but M6 has ‘ Sapir,’ the Huz. equivalent of ‘ Véh,’ which is more probable. * Or, ‘abstinence from impurity. * The source Arédvivs(ir (see Chap. XIII, 3, 10). ‘ That is, by the sap circulating like the waters of the earth. The greater part of this sentence is omitted in K2o. ® Probably ‘the NAavada’ and ‘ navigable waters’ of Chap. XX, 7, 34, and N&ivtak of Chap. XXIX, 4, 5. * Reading amat, ‘when,’ instead of mfin, ‘which’ (see note to Chap. I, 7). CHAPTER XXI, 3—XXII, 3. 85 Hashédar! comes it we// flow again suitable for horses; so, also, wi// the fountains of the sea Ky4nsih*. 7. Ky4nsih? is the one where the home (gin4k) of the Kay4n race is. CuapTeR XXII. 1. On the nature of lakes it says in revelation, that thus many fountains of waters have come into notice, which they call lakes (var); counterparts of the eyes (£ashm) of men are those fountains (4ashmak) of waters; such as Lake Kééast, Lake Sévbar, Lake Khvdarizem?, Lake Frazdan, Lake Zartnmand, Lake Asvast, Lake Husru, Lake Satavés, Lake Urvis.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Vehrkana (Hyrcania) of Vend. I, 42, which is Gdrg4n in Pahlavi. CHAPTER XX, 20-30. 81 the sea of Giklan', azd flows to the sea of Vergan?. 25. The Zah4vayi® is the river whzch comes out from Ataré-patak4n, and flows to the sea in Pars. 26. The sources of the Khvaraé‘ river are from Spahan°; it passes on through Khdgist4n, flows forth to the Diglat® river, and in Sp4han they call it the Mesrk4n’? river. 27. The Harhaz® river is in Taparistan, and its sources are from Mount Dimdavand. 28. The Teremet? river flows away to the Véh river. 29. The Vendeses?® river is in that part of Pars which they call Sagastén. 30, The Kasak” river comes out through a ravine (k4f) in the province of Tfs!*, and they call it there the Kasp river; more- ‘M6 has P&z. Key4seh, but this is in Sagastén (see Chap. XIII, 16). * The MSS. have Verg4, but the final nasal after 4 is often omitted in P4zand readings in the Bundahis. * Not mentioned in § 7. Possibly one of the rivers Z4b, which rise on the borders of Adarbig4n, flow into the Tigris, and so reach the Persian Gulf, the sea on the coast of Pars. Or it may be the Shirvan, another affluent of the Tigris, which flows through the district of Zohab. * The Kuran, upon which the town of Shfistar was founded by one of the early Sasanian kings, who also dug a canal, east of the town, so as to form a loop branch of the river; this canal was called Nahr-i Masrfig4n by Oriental geographers (see Rawlinson, Journal Roy. Geogr. Soc. vol. ix. pp. 73-75). ® Ispahan in Persian. * Miswritten Dayrid in Pazand (see § 12). 7 Written in Pazand without the final n, as usual. This is the old name of the canal forming the eastern branch of the Kuran at Shistar; it is now called Ab-i Gargar. * Flows into the Caspian near Amfil. * Probably the river which flows into the Amf (Oxus) at Tarmaz; but, in that case, the Oxus is here again identified with the Véh (Indus) as in § 22, instead of the Arag (Araxes) as in § 8. © Called Khvanatdis, or Khvanainidis, in § 7. " Called KAstk in § 7. 12 Close to Meshhed. {s] G 82 BUNDAHIS. over, the river, which is there the Véh, they call the Kasak?; even in Sind they call 2¢ the Kasak. 31. The Péd4k-miy4n ?, which is the river Xatru-miyan, is that which is in Kangdez*, 32. The Daraga river is in Airan-vég, on the bank (b4r) of which was the dwelling of Pérdshasp, the father of Zaratdst*. 33. The other innumerable waters and rivers, springs avd channels are one in origin with those °; so in various districts azd various places they call them by various names.
2The Daraga river is in Airan-vég, on the bank (b4r) of which was the dwelling of Pérdshasp, the father of Zaratdst*. 33. The other innumerable waters and rivers, springs avd channels are one in origin with those °; so in various districts azd various places they call them by various names. 34. Regarding Frdsiyav® they say, that a thousand springs were conducted away by him into the sea Kydnsih’, suitable for horses, suitable for camels, suitable for oxen, suitable for asses, both great and small*; and he conducted the spring Zarinmand (or golden source), which is the Hétdmand ® river, they say, into the same sea; and he conducted the seven navigable waters of the source of the Va#aéni?® river into the same sea, and made men settle ¢here. 1 Or, ‘this same Véh river they call there the K4sak; even in Sénf they call ## the K4sak;’ Sénf is apt to be miswritten Sénd or Sind (see Chap. XV, 29). 2 See § 7. The latter half of both names can also be read ‘ m&han, m&hé, or mahan. Péshyétan, son of Vistésp, seems to have taken a surname from this river (see Chap. XXIX, 5). * See Chap. XXIX, 10. * See Chaps. XXIV, 15, XXXII, 1, 2. 5 Or, ‘are from those as a source.’ * The MSS. have ‘Pérfshasp,’ but compare § 17 and Chap. XXI, 6. The two names are somewhat alike in Pahlavi writing. 7 See Chap. XIII, 16. * Compare Chap. XIX, 6. Kzo omits the words ‘suitable for asses ’ here. * Another Hétmand according to § 17. Possibly a dried-up bed of that river. © K2o has Vataéni; 4 and t being much alike in Pazand. The CHAPTER XX, 3I-—XxXI, 2. 83 CyHarpTter XXI}, 1. In revelation they mention seventeen ? species of liquid (may4), as one liquid resides in plants °; second, that which is flowing from the mountains, that is; the rivers; third, that which is rain-water ; fourth, that of tanks ad other special constructions ; fifth, the semen of animals and men; sixth, the urine of animals and men‘; seventh, the sweat of animals and men; the eighth liquid is that in the skin of animals and men; ninth, the tears of animals and men; tenth, the blood of animals and men; eleventh, the oil in animals and men, a necessary in both worlds®; twelfth, the saliva of animals and men, with which they nourish the embryo®; the thirteenth is that which is under the bark’ of plants, as it is said that every bark has a liquid, through which a drop appears on a twig (tékh) when placed four finger-breadths before a fire®; fourteenth, the milk of animals and men. 2. All these, through growth, or ‘navigable (ndvtak) waters’ may be ‘the N4vada river’ of § 7, ‘the river Nahvtak’ of Chap. XXI, 6, and Naivtak of Chap. XXIX, 4, 5. 1 This chapter is evidently a continuation of the preceding one. 3 Only fourteen are mentioned in the details which follow. ® Most of these details are derived from the Pahl. Yas. XX XVIII, 7-9, 13, 143 and several varieties of water are also described in Yas. LXVII, 15. * This sixth liquid is omitted by K2o.
33 Only fourteen are mentioned in the details which follow. ® Most of these details are derived from the Pahl. Yas. XX XVIII, 7-9, 13, 143 and several varieties of water are also described in Yas. LXVII, 15. * This sixth liquid is omitted by K2o. 5 Departed souls are said to be fed with oil in paradise. * K2o omits the word pfs, ‘ embryo.’ 7 The meaning ‘bark’ for Pz. ay van is merely a guess; Anquetil has ‘sap’ (compare Pers. Avin4, ‘ juice’), but this is hardly consistent with the rest of the sentence. * See Chap. XXVII, 25. G2 84 BUNDAHIS. the body which is formed, mingle again with the rivers, for the body which is formed and the growth are both one. 3. This, too, they say, that of these three rivers, that is, the Arag river, the Marv river, and the Véh! river, the spirits were dissatisfied, so that they would not flow into the world, owing to the defilement of stagnant water (armést) which they beheld, so that they were in tribulation through it until Zaratist was exhibited to them, whom I (Aftharmazd) will create, who w2// pour sixfold holy-water (zér) into it avd make z¢ again wholesome; he will preach carefulness?, 4. This, too, it says, that, of water whose holy-water is more and pollution less, the holy-water has come in excess, ad in three years it goes back to the sources*; ¢haé¢ of which the pollution and holy-water have both become equal, arrives back in six years; ¢hat of which the pollution is more and holy-water less, arrives back in nine years. 5. So, also, the growth of plants is connected, in this manner, strongly with the root‘; so, likewise, the blessings (4frin) which the righteous utter, come back, in this proportion, to themselves. 6. Regarding the river Nahvtaék® it says, that Frastyav of Tar conducted it away; and when @ * K2o has ‘ Hétfimand,’ but M6 has ‘ Sapir,’ the Huz. equivalent of ‘ Véh,’ which is more probable. * Or, ‘abstinence from impurity. * The source Arédvivs(ir (see Chap. XIII, 3, 10). ‘ That is, by the sap circulating like the waters of the earth. The greater part of this sentence is omitted in K2o. ® Probably ‘the NAavada’ and ‘ navigable waters’ of Chap. XX, 7, 34, and N&ivtak of Chap. XXIX, 4, 5. * Reading amat, ‘when,’ instead of mfin, ‘which’ (see note to Chap. I, 7). CHAPTER XXI, 3—XXII, 3. 85 Hashédar! comes it we// flow again suitable for horses; so, also, wi// the fountains of the sea Ky4nsih*. 7. Ky4nsih? is the one where the home (gin4k) of the Kay4n race is. CuapTeR XXII. 1. On the nature of lakes it says in revelation, that thus many fountains of waters have come into notice, which they call lakes (var); counterparts of the eyes (£ashm) of men are those fountains (4ashmak) of waters; such as Lake Kééast, Lake Sévbar, Lake Khvdarizem?, Lake Frazdan, Lake Zartnmand, Lake Asvast, Lake Husru, Lake Satavés, Lake Urvis.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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