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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
18. And the size of some of all the lakes and all the fountains of water is as much as a fast rider on an Arab horse, who continually compasses and canters around ¢hem, will attain in forty days, which ts 1900! long leagues (parasang-i akartk), each league deimg at least 20,000 feet. g. And after the noxious creatures died *, and the poison therefrom was mixed up in the earth, in order to utterly destroy that poison Tistar went down into the ocean; and Apdadsh,. the demon, hastened to meet him, and aé the alarm of the first contest Tistar was in terror (pard). 10. And he applied unto Adharmazd, who brought such power unto_Tistar #s arises through propitiation and praise and invoking by name’, and they call. forth such power unto Tistar as ¢hat of ten vigorous horses, ten vigorous camels, ten vigorous bulls, ten mountains when hurled, and ten single-stream rivers when together. 11. And without alarm he drove out Apadsh, the demon, and kept him away from the sources of the ocean. 12. And with a cup and measuring bowl, which possessed the diligence even of a guardian spirit (fravahar), he seized many more handfuls of water, } Bund. XIII, 2 has 1700, but as neither number is a multiple of forty in round numbers, it is probable that both, are wrong, and that we ought to read 1600. * Bund. VII, 7-14 is paraphrased in §§ 9-14. ® The Av. aokht6-namana yasna of Tistar Yt. 11, 23, 24. SELECTIONS OF ZAD-SPARAM, VI, 8-17. 171 and made z¢ rain down! much more prodigiously, for destruction, drops as large as men’s heads and bulls’ heads, great and small. 13. And in that cloud and rain were the chastisement azd beating which Tistar and the fire Vazist zz/izcted on the opposition of Ap4ésh; the all-deciding (visp6-vi4tr) fire Vazist struck down with a club of fire, all-deciding -among the malevolent (kébar4n6). 14. Ten days and nights there was rain, and its darting ? was the shooting of the noxious creatures ; afterwards, the wind drove z¢ to the shore of the wide-formed ocean, and it is portioned out into three, and three seas arose from it; they are called the Pditik, the Kamirid, and the Géhan-ban* 15. Of these the Pdittk itself is salt water, in which is a flow azd ebb‘; and the control of its flow and ebb is connected with the moon, and by its continual rotation, in coming up azd going down, that of the moon is manifested. 16. The wide-formed ocean stands forth on the south side as to (pavan) Albfrz 5, and the Pditik stands contiguous to it, and amidst it is the gulf (var) of Satavés, whose connection is with -Satavés, which is the southern quarter. 17. In the activity of the sea, and in the increase and decrease of the moon, whose circuit is the whole of Iran, are the flow and ebb; of the 1 Or perhaps ‘made the cloud rain, if madam v4rAninid stands for avar varaninid. * Reading part4z instead of the MS. patfitéz, ‘ powerful fury.’
217. In the activity of the sea, and in the increase and decrease of the moon, whose circuit is the whole of Iran, are the flow and ebb; of the 1 Or perhaps ‘made the cloud rain, if madam v4rAninid stands for avar varaninid. * Reading part4z instead of the MS. patfitéz, ‘ powerful fury.’ * This is a variant of the Sahi-bfn or Gahi-bfin of Bund. XIII, 4,15; the other two names differ but little from those given in Bund. XIII. In the MS. Pfitik occurs once, and Puitik twice. * Compare §§ 15-18 with Bund. XIII, 8-14. 5 Compare Bund. XIII, 1. 172 APPENDIX TO THE BUNDAHIS. curving tails in front of the moon two issue forth, and have an abode in Satavés; one is the updrag and one the down-drag; through the up-drag occurs the flood, avd through the down-drag occurs the ebb. 18. And Satavés itself is a gulf (var) and side arm of the wide-formed ocean, for it drives back the impurity azd turbidness which come from the salt sea, when they are continually going into the wide-formed ocean, with a mighty high wind?, while that which is clear through purity goes into the Arédvisir sources of the wide-formed ocean. 19. Besides these four * there are the small seas ‘. 20. And, afterwards, ¢Aere were made to flow from Albfirz, out of its northern border, two rivers®, which were the Arvand *—that is, the Diglit, ad the flow * This is even a more mechanical theory of the tides than that detailed in Bund. XIII, 13. Whether the ‘ curving tails’ (gagak dunbak) are the ‘horns’ of the crescent moon is uncertain. * By an accidental transposition of letters the MS. has 4taré, ‘fire,’ instead of v4t6, ‘ wind.’ . 5 The ocean and three principal seas. * Said to be twenty-three in number in Bund. XIII, 6. 5 Bund. VII, 15, 16, XX, 1. . * This appears to be a later identification of the Arag, Arang, or Aréng river of Bund. XX with the Tigris, under its name Arvand, which is also found in the Bahman Yast (III, 21, 38) and the Afrin of the Seven Amesh4spends (§ 9). The Bundahis (XX, 8) seems to connect the Arag (Araxes?) with the Oxus and Nile, and describes the Diglat or Tigris as a distinct river (Bund. XX, 12). This difference is one of the indications of the Bundahis having been so old a book in the time of Z4d-sparam that he sometimes misunderstood its meaning, which could hardly have been the case if it had been written by one of his contemporaries. As the Persian empire has several times included part of Egypt, the Nile must have then been well known to the Persians as the great western river of their world. The last time they had possession of part of Egypt was, for about half a century, in the reigns of Khusré SELECTIONS OF ZAD-SPARAM, VI, 18-VII, I. 173
3The last time they had possession of part of Egypt was, for about half a century, in the reigns of Khusré SELECTIONS OF ZAD-SPARAM, VI, 18-VII, I. 173 of that river was to those of the setting sux (val fréd-yehevund4n6d)—and the Véh! was the river of the first-comers to the sun; formed as two horns they went on to the ocean. 21. After them eighteen? great rivers came out from the same Albdrz; and these twenty rivers, whose source is in Albdrez, go down into the earth, and arrive in Khvaniras. 22. Afterwards, two fountains of the sea are opened out for the earth*, which are called the Kékast*—a lake which has no cold wind, and on whose shore rests the triumphant fire Gdsnasp’— and, secondly, the Sévar ® which casts on z¢s shores all turbidness, and keeps its own salt lake clear and pure, for it is like the semblance of an eye which casts out to zfs edges every ache and every impurity ; and on account of its depth it is not reached to the bottom, for it goes into the ocean; and in its vicinity rests the beneficial fire Barzin-Mitré 7. 23. And this was the second contest, which was with the water. Cuaprer VII. 1. And as he (Aharman) came thirdly to the earth, which arrayed the whole earth against him— Néshirvan, AQharmazd IV, and Khusré Parviz; but since the early part of the seventh century the Tigris has practically been their extreme western limit; hence the change of the old Arag or Arang into the very similarly written Arvand, a name of the Tigris. : 1 See Bund. XX, 9. * Bund. XX, 2, 7. 5 Bund. VII, 14. * Bund. XXII, 2. * Written Gisasp in Bund. XVII, 7, and Gdsndsp in B. Yt. IIT, 30, 40, while the older form Visnasp occurs in B.Yt. III, 10. * The Sévbar of Bund. VII, 14, XII, 24, XXII, 3. 7 Bund. XVII, 8. 174 APPENDIX TO THE BUNDAHIS. since there was an animation of the earth through the shattering— Albdrz grew up}, which is the boundary of the earth, avd the other? mountains, which are amid the circuit of the earth, come up 2244 in number*®, 2. And by them the earth was bound together and arranged, and on them was the sprouting avd growth of plants, wherefrom was the nourishment of cattle, and therefrom was the great advantage of assistance to men.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
18. And the size of some of all the lakes and all the fountains of water is as much as a fast rider on an Arab horse, who continually compasses and canters around ¢hem, will attain in forty days, which ts 1900! long leagues (parasang-i akartk), each league deimg at least 20,000 feet. g. And after the noxious creatures died *, and the poison therefrom was mixed up in the earth, in order to utterly destroy that poison Tistar went down into the ocean; and Apdadsh,. the demon, hastened to meet him, and aé the alarm of the first contest Tistar was in terror (pard). 10. And he applied unto Adharmazd, who brought such power unto_Tistar #s arises through propitiation and praise and invoking by name’, and they call. forth such power unto Tistar as ¢hat of ten vigorous horses, ten vigorous camels, ten vigorous bulls, ten mountains when hurled, and ten single-stream rivers when together. 11. And without alarm he drove out Apadsh, the demon, and kept him away from the sources of the ocean. 12. And with a cup and measuring bowl, which possessed the diligence even of a guardian spirit (fravahar), he seized many more handfuls of water, } Bund. XIII, 2 has 1700, but as neither number is a multiple of forty in round numbers, it is probable that both, are wrong, and that we ought to read 1600. * Bund. VII, 7-14 is paraphrased in §§ 9-14. ® The Av. aokht6-namana yasna of Tistar Yt. 11, 23, 24. SELECTIONS OF ZAD-SPARAM, VI, 8-17. 171 and made z¢ rain down! much more prodigiously, for destruction, drops as large as men’s heads and bulls’ heads, great and small. 13. And in that cloud and rain were the chastisement azd beating which Tistar and the fire Vazist zz/izcted on the opposition of Ap4ésh; the all-deciding (visp6-vi4tr) fire Vazist struck down with a club of fire, all-deciding -among the malevolent (kébar4n6). 14. Ten days and nights there was rain, and its darting ? was the shooting of the noxious creatures ; afterwards, the wind drove z¢ to the shore of the wide-formed ocean, and it is portioned out into three, and three seas arose from it; they are called the Pditik, the Kamirid, and the Géhan-ban* 15. Of these the Pdittk itself is salt water, in which is a flow azd ebb‘; and the control of its flow and ebb is connected with the moon, and by its continual rotation, in coming up azd going down, that of the moon is manifested. 16. The wide-formed ocean stands forth on the south side as to (pavan) Albfrz 5, and the Pditik stands contiguous to it, and amidst it is the gulf (var) of Satavés, whose connection is with -Satavés, which is the southern quarter. 17. In the activity of the sea, and in the increase and decrease of the moon, whose circuit is the whole of Iran, are the flow and ebb; of the 1 Or perhaps ‘made the cloud rain, if madam v4rAninid stands for avar varaninid. * Reading part4z instead of the MS. patfitéz, ‘ powerful fury.’
217. In the activity of the sea, and in the increase and decrease of the moon, whose circuit is the whole of Iran, are the flow and ebb; of the 1 Or perhaps ‘made the cloud rain, if madam v4rAninid stands for avar varaninid. * Reading part4z instead of the MS. patfitéz, ‘ powerful fury.’ * This is a variant of the Sahi-bfn or Gahi-bfin of Bund. XIII, 4,15; the other two names differ but little from those given in Bund. XIII. In the MS. Pfitik occurs once, and Puitik twice. * Compare §§ 15-18 with Bund. XIII, 8-14. 5 Compare Bund. XIII, 1. 172 APPENDIX TO THE BUNDAHIS. curving tails in front of the moon two issue forth, and have an abode in Satavés; one is the updrag and one the down-drag; through the up-drag occurs the flood, avd through the down-drag occurs the ebb. 18. And Satavés itself is a gulf (var) and side arm of the wide-formed ocean, for it drives back the impurity azd turbidness which come from the salt sea, when they are continually going into the wide-formed ocean, with a mighty high wind?, while that which is clear through purity goes into the Arédvisir sources of the wide-formed ocean. 19. Besides these four * there are the small seas ‘. 20. And, afterwards, ¢Aere were made to flow from Albfirz, out of its northern border, two rivers®, which were the Arvand *—that is, the Diglit, ad the flow * This is even a more mechanical theory of the tides than that detailed in Bund. XIII, 13. Whether the ‘ curving tails’ (gagak dunbak) are the ‘horns’ of the crescent moon is uncertain. * By an accidental transposition of letters the MS. has 4taré, ‘fire,’ instead of v4t6, ‘ wind.’ . 5 The ocean and three principal seas. * Said to be twenty-three in number in Bund. XIII, 6. 5 Bund. VII, 15, 16, XX, 1. . * This appears to be a later identification of the Arag, Arang, or Aréng river of Bund. XX with the Tigris, under its name Arvand, which is also found in the Bahman Yast (III, 21, 38) and the Afrin of the Seven Amesh4spends (§ 9). The Bundahis (XX, 8) seems to connect the Arag (Araxes?) with the Oxus and Nile, and describes the Diglat or Tigris as a distinct river (Bund. XX, 12). This difference is one of the indications of the Bundahis having been so old a book in the time of Z4d-sparam that he sometimes misunderstood its meaning, which could hardly have been the case if it had been written by one of his contemporaries. As the Persian empire has several times included part of Egypt, the Nile must have then been well known to the Persians as the great western river of their world. The last time they had possession of part of Egypt was, for about half a century, in the reigns of Khusré SELECTIONS OF ZAD-SPARAM, VI, 18-VII, I. 173
3The last time they had possession of part of Egypt was, for about half a century, in the reigns of Khusré SELECTIONS OF ZAD-SPARAM, VI, 18-VII, I. 173 of that river was to those of the setting sux (val fréd-yehevund4n6d)—and the Véh! was the river of the first-comers to the sun; formed as two horns they went on to the ocean. 21. After them eighteen? great rivers came out from the same Albdrz; and these twenty rivers, whose source is in Albdrez, go down into the earth, and arrive in Khvaniras. 22. Afterwards, two fountains of the sea are opened out for the earth*, which are called the Kékast*—a lake which has no cold wind, and on whose shore rests the triumphant fire Gdsnasp’— and, secondly, the Sévar ® which casts on z¢s shores all turbidness, and keeps its own salt lake clear and pure, for it is like the semblance of an eye which casts out to zfs edges every ache and every impurity ; and on account of its depth it is not reached to the bottom, for it goes into the ocean; and in its vicinity rests the beneficial fire Barzin-Mitré 7. 23. And this was the second contest, which was with the water. Cuaprer VII. 1. And as he (Aharman) came thirdly to the earth, which arrayed the whole earth against him— Néshirvan, AQharmazd IV, and Khusré Parviz; but since the early part of the seventh century the Tigris has practically been their extreme western limit; hence the change of the old Arag or Arang into the very similarly written Arvand, a name of the Tigris. : 1 See Bund. XX, 9. * Bund. XX, 2, 7. 5 Bund. VII, 14. * Bund. XXII, 2. * Written Gisasp in Bund. XVII, 7, and Gdsndsp in B. Yt. IIT, 30, 40, while the older form Visnasp occurs in B.Yt. III, 10. * The Sévbar of Bund. VII, 14, XII, 24, XXII, 3. 7 Bund. XVII, 8. 174 APPENDIX TO THE BUNDAHIS. since there was an animation of the earth through the shattering— Albdrz grew up}, which is the boundary of the earth, avd the other? mountains, which are amid the circuit of the earth, come up 2244 in number*®, 2. And by them the earth was bound together and arranged, and on them was the sprouting avd growth of plants, wherefrom was the nourishment of cattle, and therefrom was the great advantage of assistance to men.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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