Charaka-Samhita — trans. Kaviraj Avinash Chandra Kaviratna

j. Called also Nata-karanja or Rite (Bengali); Cisalpina bonducella.

k. Called also Dahar-karanja ; identified by Udaya Chand Dutt with Pongamia glabra ; syn. Galedupa Indica.

l. Achyranthes aspera.

m. Called also Haritaki ; Terminalia Chehilla.

n. Called also Nila-Buhnd.

o. Called also Morata ; identified by Dr. Sircar with Momordica mixta ; by Dr. Wise with Hyperanthera morunga.

p. A kind of convolvulus turpethum. ; identified by Udaya Chand Dutt with Mailotus Philippensis.

q. Called also Sondali ; Cassia fistula.

r. Called also Kurchi ; Holarrhena antidysenterica ; syn. Echites antidysenterica.

CHARAKA-SAMHITA.

prolong life, improve the complexion, and increase strength and fat. These are also used because they destroy wind, bile, and phlegm.87 Sauvarchala, Saindhava, Vit, Audbhida, with Samudra, are the five kinds of Salt.*88 They are cooling, heating, irritating, and highly capable of promoting the appetite. They are used for external application, as emollients, as diaphoretics,89 as emetics and purgatives, in enemata (with or without oils), for anointing, as con¬ diments, as cerebral purgatives,90 for application to wounds after operation, for injections into the urethra, for collyrium, for rubbing upwards, in indigestion, in retention of stools and urine, in pains caused by obstruction of wind, in colic, and in abdominal dropsy. 9 1

The Salts have been mentioned above. Listen now to me as I indicate the eight varieties of Urine, viz., all those eight principal varieties that have been mentioned by the son of Atri.92 These are the urine of the sheep, the goat, the cow, the buffalo, the elephant, the camel, the horse, and the ass.93 The urines are hot, pungent, possessed of drying attributes, bitter, and contain saline ingredients. Urine is used in rubbing, in plasters,94 in enemata and (other) purgatives. It is used also for producing perspiration, in cases of suppression of stools and urine, in antidotes (to poison),95 in abdominal dropsy, in piles, in grandular enlargements in the abdomen, in lucoderma, in blotches on the skin. It is also used in unguents (for wounds and sores) as also in fomentation. It is also said to promote the appetite and destroy poison and worms.96 It is also said to be good in every way for persons affected with jaundice and anaemia and other diseases producing paleness of color. If drunk, it checks phlegm and regulates wind.97 It also forces bile downwards. I have indicated here, in brief, the properties of Urine in general; the separate properties of each variety are mentioned as follows.98

Tne urine of sheep is bitter, cooling, and neutral in respect of bile. The urine of the goat is astringent, sweet, wholesome, and corrects all diseases (of phlegm, bile, and wind).99 The urine of the cow is slightly sweet, corrective of disorders, distroys worms, and cures lucoderma. If drunk, it cures itching, and is highly

* Sauvarchala, Prof. Wilson says, is so called from the district where it abounds. He thinks the substance is Natron. Saindhftva is rock-salt, and Vit is black salt with a strong odor. Audbhida is evidenty salt manufactured from vegetable substances. The name, however, is sometimes applied to Sambhari salt. Samudra is, of course, the sea salt. — T.

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CHARAKA-SAMHITA.

beneficial in abdominal dropsy.100 The urine of the buffalo cures piles, swellings and dropsy, and is alkaline and purgative.- The urine of the elephant is saltish and is good for persons having worms and lucoderma,101 in rentention of stools and urine, in poisoning, in diseases of the phlegm, and for piles. The urine of the camel is bitter and is said to cure asthma, cough, and piles.102 The urine of horses is bitter and pungent, and is a remedy for lucoderma, carbuncle, and poisoning. The urine of the ass cures epilepsy, insanity, and diseases due to malignant stars.*103