Charaka-Samhita — trans. Kaviraj Avinash Chandra Kaviratna
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The translator’s English as printed (Avinash Chandra Kaviratna). The original-language text is not held; names are romanised as the translator printed them.
This definition of Pratyaksha slightly differs from that given by Gautama. The latter says that ‘Indriyartha-sannikarshjam Jnanam’ is Pratyaksham, meaning, that knowledge which arises from a contact of the senses with their objects. The definiton has been objected to by a host of Commentators who regard it as too wide for it includes knowledge that is net Pratyaksham.
p. 572
CHA RA KA-SAMI/ITA.
As to Anumana ( or Inferenece ) : Anumana, verily, is reason¬ ing based on good reasons.* * * §
For instance ( as has been said before ) t :
Fire is inferred from the power of digesting ; strength is inferred from the capacity of performing athletic sports.
As to Aupamya (Analogy) : Aupamya, verily, is that which consists in the explanation (or illustration) of one topic by help of the resemblance to it of another.
For instance, the explanation of the disease called Dandaka (Rigidity of the whole body) by reference to a wooden pole ; that of Tetanus by reference to a bow ; and that of a healer of diseases, by reference to an arrow (that is well-pointed and that has hit the mark).J43
As to Aitihya (Testimony) : Aitihya, verily, consists in the utterances of the Inspired. For instance : the Vedas and the rest.§44
As to Samcaya (Doubt) : Sanifaya, is verily7-, uncertainty in matters tint are doubtful.
For instance : Is there, or is there not, untimely death ||?4S
* The word ‘Anumana’ is used to signify both the process of reasoning and the result of that process. Here, the definition given seems to refer to only the process.— T-
-f- I. E., in the Lesson called “The three aspirations.’’ Vide Lesson XI, Sutrasthana, ante. There many instances are given of Anumana. — T.
J ‘Dandaka’ is that disease in which the whole body assumes a thorough rigidity like to what appears after death. In explaining such rigidity, a tough stake or pole made of wood may be named. So in explaining the attitude the body assumes in Tetanus, one may name a bow, for the body frequently becomes as curvilineal as a stringed bow-staff. A physician also that is successful may be compared to an arrow that is sharp-pointed and that hits the mark. — .T.
§ It would seem that Aitihya is not common testimony. It is the testimony of the wise or the Inspired. — T.
|| The doubt here is this : according to one theory there cannot be death at any time save the ordained one. According to another, death may take place at any time, and hence may come before the proper time or prematurely. The occurrence, therefore, of premature or untimely death, is a fact involved in
PART XIX.
CHARAKA-SAMHITA
TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH.
PUBLISHED
BY
AVINASH CHANDRA KAVTRATNA,
Editor of Charaka-Samhita and of Susruta-Samhita (in original) with Commentaries; Bengali and Hindi Translator of CharakaSamhita and of Susruta-Samhita.; Editor of ChikitsaSammil'ani (Medical Journal in Bengali) ; Prac¬ titioner OF THE HinDU'SySTEM OF Medicine, &c., &c., &c.
CALCUTTA:
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OPINIONS OF EMINENT MEN.
Professor Zâv<Ea,:sr duller :~I have no doubt ; iglish translation of Charaka. The book is of great imi id to help you in any way you may wish. — Writing again in N * * I am surprised that your excellent and most useful tra ore attention * * -* Our Regius Professor of Medicine, Sir 1
Sir ZbvdZorrler ^77"illia,m.s, ZE2Z.a.X.ZE3. : — I hav the successive parts of the. Cnararca and Susruta Samhitas. I dition to my library. No doubt, an English translation would 1 XZ>r. ZE^eirrlrold. IR,ost, O.X.IE3 , late Librarian to Dur excellent translation * * * a most valuable and prai: t fail to make ancient Hindu Medicine better understoo est * * * I shall draw the. attention of Oriental scholars to yoi ,rk * * * Many important additions to our Sanskrit dictiona ur translation.
-A/ULâtin ZEPlInt, Esq., New York, U. S. A. sasure the first fasciculus of your translation of Charaka id to receive the rest ot the worx. It cannot fail to be of gre ofession, which will be under great obligations to you.
ZE3Z. Edgren, UEsq.., Gothenburgh, Sweden : anything Indian, and I need not say that I shall consider it as ; ight I may into the subject treated of in your valuable transla Professor Ji.. V. ’Ts7vr illiscrrr Ta-lsson, Col S. A. I must congratulate you, with true appreciation c ry much like to make a little note, in one of our papers, of th i doing. Be assured, Sir, of my hearty thanks and appr :erest in India and antique lore.
-bvXons. X3irtlr, Paris : — Your efforts to place ancient literature a work or so interesting a nature both to 1 the men of medicine, are very praiseworthy, and 1 shall the notice of the French public, or, at least, of those who searches.
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