Charaka-Samhita — trans. Kaviraj Avinash Chandra Kaviratna

from phlegm. During day time no kind of strong or sharp collyrium should be used!8 Sight that has already been weakened by discharge (of water and other matter from the eyes) becomes incapable of bearing sunlight. Hence collyrium that causes dis¬ charge becomes desirable only during the night. Hence all opera¬ tions by which phlegm is destroyed become beneficial to the vision and make it clear* As the lustre of gold and other metals,. and'; of gems of divers kinds, when these are washed or rubbed with oil ! and cloth and hair, becomes clear and bright,10 after the same manner, the vision of the eyes of mortals becomes, with the aid of collyria and lotion, dear and bright, like the moon in a clear firma¬ ment.*11

Harenuka(a), Priyangu(5), Prithwika(c), Kegara(^), Nakha(<?), Hrivera(/), Chandana(g), Patra(A), Twak(z'), large cardamoms, U9ira(/ ), Padmaka(£),1!1 Dhyamaka(Z), liquorice, Manshi(wz), Guggulu(«), Aguru(o), sugar, good bark of Nyagrodha( p ), of; Udumvara(y), of A§wattha(r), of Plaksha(r), and of Lodhra(^),1* a. Probably Piper auranticum.

* Acphotana is, as explained by the Commentator, drabaushadhadanam ; hence liquid : medicaments or lotions. — T.

b. Aglaia Roxburghiana.

c. Nigella sativa.

d. Called also Nagakejara. Mesua ferrea.

e. Called Lakhi in Vernacular. A kind of dried shell obtained from the sea and;

very generally used for perfuming oils.

f. Pavonia odorata.

g. Pterocarpus santalinns. (Red sandal wood.)

h. Cinnamomum Tamala ; spa. laurus Cassia.

i. Cinnamomum Zeylanicum.

j. The roots of Andropogon muricatum.

k. Called also Prapaundarika. The root-stock of Nymphaa lotus. Under the name of Padmaka, however, a kind of fragrant wood is sold in every native druggist’s shop, brought from Malwa or Southern India.

/. Called also Bhustrina. Andropogon Schcenanthus.

m. Nardostachys Jatamansi ; syn. Valeriana Jatamansi.

n. Balsamodendron Mukul also Balsamo pubescens.

o. Aquilaria Agallocha, p. Ficus Bengalensis ; syn. Ficus Indica.

q. Ficus glomerata ; syn. Covelia glomerata.

r. Ficus religiosa.

s. Called also Parkati. Ficus infecteria.

t. Symplocos racemtsa.

p. 54

CHA RAKA -SA MH1 tA.

Vanya (a), Sarjjarasa(3), Musta(u), £aileya(^, Kamala(^), Utpala(/) Sriveshtaka( g), £allaki(Zr), and ukavarha(?),14 — these should be pounded together into a paste which should then be plastered over a reed-stick. The physician should make the thickness of the cylinder (thus formed) equal to that of a barley-corn. Its total thickness should be like that of the thumb, while its length should be equal to the space covered by the breadth of eight figures.14 Having dried the plaster and taken out the reed-stick, the ( hollow ) cylinder thus formed should, after being saturated with clarified butter, be inserted into a smoking tube, and setting one end into fire, one should comfortably drink its smoke every day.18

Making a similar cylinder with fat, clarified butter, wax, in due measure, and with those foremost of medicines, viz., Jivaka, Rishavaka, and the others included in the first six aggregates of Astrin¬ gents (mentioned before), one should drink its cooling smoke.*17

The smoke of a similar cylinder made of Sweta(/), Jyotishmati(£) Haritala(Z), Manah§ila(w), and aromatic substances like Aguru(«), Patra(o), and others, is used as a cerebral purgative or errhine.18 a. Called Keot mutha in Vernacular. A species of Cyperus rotundum.

b. The exudation or resin of Shorea robusta.

c. Cyperus rotundus.

d. A species of lichen.

e. Nelumbium speciosum.

f. Nympota stellata.

g. The exudation of Pinus longifolia. Vide note e in p. 41.

h. Called in Bengali Salai. Boswellia serrata.

C,a.lle,d also Granthiparni. U. C. Dutt (Mat. Med. of the Hindus ) thinks this is a kind of gall caused by an insect on some tree. Many Bengal physicians understand Grantniparni to mean a kind of Panicum dactylon.

* The Commentator says that Varanshadhaih is an adjective of Madhurakaih which implies the medicines included in the first six aggregates of Astringents mentioned before, such as Jivaka, Rishavaka, &c., vide p. p. 30 — 32 ante. — T.

j. The white variety of Clitoria Ternatea .

k. Cardiospermum Halicacabum .

l. Orpiment. “ Orpiment occurs in two forms, namely, in smooth shining goldcolored scales called vanaspatri haritdla, and in yollow opaque masses called Pinda haritala." — Mat. Med. of the Hindtis, by U. C. Dutt.

m. Realgar.

». Aquilaria Agallocha.

0. The leaves of Cinnamomum Tamala ; syn. Zaurus Cassia.

CHARAKA-SA ME IT A.

p. 55

Heaviness of the limbs, headache, inflamation of the Schneider¬ ian membrane ( with loss of sense of smell ), hemicrania, otalgia, opthalmalgia, cough, hicup, asthma, hoarseness (of voice ),lfl weak¬ ness of the teeth, otorroea, discharge from the nose, discharge from the eye, ozoena, foetid smell in the mouth, odontalgia, anorexia,20 lock-jaw, stiff-neck, itching, worms, paleness of the face, mucous discharges, discordance of voice, enlarged tonsil, inflamation of the ranula, 21 morbid baldness, reddish yellowness of the hair, fall¬ ing off of the hair, sneezing, sleepiness, dulness of the understanding, long sleep or coma,22 — all these are relieved by inhalation of the smoke (of the preparations already mentioned). Such smoke also enhances the strength of the hair, the forehead, the senses, and the voice.*28