Charaka-Samhita — trans. Kaviraj Avinash Chandra Kaviratna
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The translator’s English as printed (Avinash Chandra Kaviratna). The original-language text is not held; names are romanised as the translator printed them.
‘ pujya ’ is any object of veneration, animate or inanimate, such as a cow, a Brahmana, or an idol unto which or whom worship is offered. Of ‘ auspicious ’ articles there are many. ‘ Sumanas ’ is a general name for flowers. The etymological signification is ‘ anything that makes the mind cheerful.’ The Hindus love flowers passionately. — T.
t ‘.Yapa’is the silent recitation of particular mantras or sacred texts. The most sacred text is the Gayatri which every person of the three regenerate orders must recite as many times as he can. The Gayatri is a beautiful invocation to the divine Maker of the universe. — T.
§ Every person of the three regenerate orders must worship the deities with offer¬ ings of flowers and scents and leaves and scents. — T.
Guru ’ is a senior in age and relationship, or a preceptor or teacher. One’s sire, grandsire, uncles, elder brothers, &c., as also one’s teacher or spiritual guide, are one’s Gurus, — T.
p. 96
refractory, impure, and hungry servitors from his presence, with¬ out using plates and cups that are pure and clean, without being seated on a proper place, w'ithout selecting the proper time and a spot that is uncrowded,* * * § without having cast the first morsel on the fire (as an offering to the deities), without sprinkling the food with sacred water, f without dispelling its faults by uttering the proper mantras ,J without avoiding the utterance of everything that looks like depreciating the food to be taken, § without assuring himself that the food is not unclean, and that it has not been brought or served by an enemy, one should not sit down to eat.15 One should not take food that is stale unless it be meat or green pot-herbs or jute-leaves or fruits or certain kinds of confectionery.H15 One should not eat the whole of the food that is placed before one unless it be curds or honey or salt or the flour of fried barley or ghee.^I17
One should not take curds in the night. The flour of (fried) barley should not be taken by itself (i. e. without mixing it with ghee and sugar.) One should not take a large quantity of barleyflour. Nor should one take such flour twice a day. Nor should one take it without, mixing it with water.18
One should not eat without properly masticating the food with the teeth. One should not sneeze or eat or lie down (for t Food is directed to be taken after sprinkling it with water which has been sancti¬ fied with mantras. — T.
* ‘ Akime ’ is explained by the Commentator as ‘ vahujanakirne,’ — T.
J Besides sprinkling sanctified water, the defects and faults of the food to be taken must be dispelled by the utterance of particular Vedic mantras. — T.
§ Every body familiar with Boswell remembers the strong condemnation by Johnson of the mutton leg placed before him by an inn-keeper in course of the Doctor’s journey from London to Oxford. “Ill fed, ill killed, ill kept, and ill dressed.” Such condemnation is forbidden by the Rishis. — T.
|| 1 Harita ’ is green potherb of any kind and not ginger. ‘ Cushka^aka ’ is the leaves of the Jute plant. ‘Bhakshyam’ is explained by the Commentator as • modakadi. — '/’.
IT Every rigid Hindu must leave a portion of his food uneaten on the dish. This vs intended for birds, worms, and diverse other living creatures. In taking rice, one should leave at least a hundred boiled grains uneaten. This is called Catdnna. — T.
CBARAKA-SAMHITA.
p. 97
sleeping) in a bent posture.* One should not engage in any act when one feels an impulse or urging of nature (without first at¬ tending to it.)
One should not spit, or make water, or answer the other call of nature, with face turned towards the blowing wind, a blazing fire; a piece of water, of the Moon, or the Sun, or a person of the re¬ generate classy or one’s preceptor. One should not commit nuisance on a road or street. One should not eject the phlegiri or mucus of one’s nose amid a place that is crowded, or when one is engaged in eating, or when one is employed in reciting one’s prayers or in performing the homa or in reading with one’s pre¬ ceptor or in dedicating offerings to the deities, or when one is doing any auspicious or religious act.19
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