Charaka-Samhita — trans. Kaviraj Avinash Chandra Kaviratna

I ‘ Auukabhiuirddecena ’ and 1 Auukasadricyabhiifirddecena ’ are the two readings. Chakrapani adopts the former. ‘ Anuka ’ here means ‘ family * or ‘.race, ’ or ‘class.’ Wbat the Rislii says is. that the distinctions being innumerable, be would speak of only a few, for purposes of illustration, by I'tferi ing to particular. families, < rgroupg, or classes,— Tp. 757 that is equipt with knowledge, science, power of speech as also of reply, that is endued with a good memory, that is bereft of lust and wrath and cupidity and pride and heedlessness and envy and melancholy, and that behaves with equality towards all crea¬ tures, should be known as possessed of a ‘ Brahmya ’ mind. *49

One that offers sacrifices, that is devoted to study (of the Vedas), that is observant of vows and Homo, and Brahinacharyya, that is attentive to guests, and that has subjugated arrogance and pride and attachment and aversion and heedlessness and cupidity and wrath, and that is endued with the power of reply and science and the power of apprehension, should be known as possessed of a mind like that of the Rishis.t'’

One who is possessed of affluence, whose words are accepted by others, who performs sacrifices (in honour of the deities), who is endued with courage and energy, who is possessed of glory, who is never fatigued in acting, who is endued with foresight, and who pursues duty, wealth, and pleasure (in judicious proportions), is said to be endued with a mind like that of Indra.J51

One who does not transgress by his conduct the limits of duty, who promptly does what should be done in view of what has happened, who is irresistible, who is ready for great acts, who

* ‘ Saravibhagin ’ literally, is one who divides or distributes equally what hethas amongst all ; that is, one who gives unto each what is his or ln r due ; in other worde, a person of extremely fair behaviour.

By ‘ BiSbmya mind * is meant a mind that is striving after the acquisition of Brahma or the Supreme Sou1, and has made a fair progress towards it. — T.

t By ‘ Brahmacharjya ’ is meant the practice of cehb icy in particular, or abstention from sexual congress. According to all authorities, a person indulg¬ ing in such congress at the prescribed seasons but abstaining from it at other times, is not regarded as swerving from Brahraacharyya. Attentive to .* Atithis, ’ or mindful of guests ; that is, observant of the duties of hospitality.— T.

J‘ Aicwaryya ’ — the status of an ‘ Icwara ’—is, literally, lordship. It im¬ plies affluence or wealth, with power extending over others,

‘ AdeyavSkya ’ is one whose words are accepted hy others : one, that is who is regarded as an authority ; or one whose counsels are sought by others.

‘ Tejas’ here, as explained by GangSdhara, is ‘ dipti ’ or brilliance; Pro¬ bably, glory.— T.

p. 758

CHARAKA SAMHITA

is endued with a good memory, who is possessed of affluence, and who is bereft of attachment and aversion and heedlessness, is said to be endued with a mind like that of Yama (the great judge of the dead).*12

One who is brave, patient, pure (in body and mind), who hates all that is impure, who performs sacrifices (in honour of the deities), who takes pleasure in all sorts of sports on water, who is never fatigued in work, and who knows where to be angry and where to show favour, should be known as endued with a mind after the manner of Varuna’s.f5®

One$ who knows when to abstain from enjoyments and when to indulge in them, who is possessed of a family (consisting of relatives and dependants), who indulges in pleasure, who pursues duty, wealth, and pleasure judiciously, who is pure (in body and mind), and who indulges in wrath and shows favour openly, should be regarded as possessed of a mind like that of Kuvera.J5'1

One who is fond of dancing and singing and instrumental music and hymns, who is well-versed in poetry, narratives of interesting events, history, and Puranas, who is attached to sweet scents, garlands (of flowers), fragrant unguents, costly and beautiful robes, and the companionship of beautiful women, and who is reft

* 1 Lekh5sthavritta ’ is explained by ChakrapSni as one who does not trans¬ gress, by his conduct, the limits of duty as laid down in the scriptures.

‘ PrSptakSrina is one who does what should be done in view of the .emergency that lias arisen.; in other words, a man of decision.

Chakrapani reads ‘ asampraharyyam ; for 1 asamharyyam. ’ The first means ‘ incapable of being beaten, ’ t. e., invincible. — T.

+ Varuna fs the lord of waters. ‘ One who takes pleasure in sports on water’ would seem to indicate a naval hero. In ancient times, the Hindus made sea-voyages and fought naval battles for protecting their trade. — T.

t Kuvera. is the lord of treasures, and the friend and companion of Mahadeva. He is described as owning a splendid palace and always indul¬ ging in diverse sports.— T.

■ CHARAKA SAMHITA.

7 59 of envy and malice, should be known as possessed of a mind like that of the Gandharvas.#ss