Charaka-Samhita — trans. Kaviraj Avinash Chandra Kaviratna
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The translator’s English as printed (Avinash Chandra Kaviratna). The original-language text is not held; names are romanised as the translator printed them.
Sleep, joy, delightful (seats and) beds, contentedness of mind, tranquillity of mind, abstention from thought and sexual intercourse and physical exercise, acquisition of delightful objects and meetings with persons that are dear,25 new rice, new wines and spirits, the juice (soup) of meat obtained from animals that are domestic or that belong to marshy regions or that live in water, diverse kinds of meat that are dressed properly and agreeably, curds, ghee, and milk,26 the different kinds of sugarcane, of £ali paddy, Phaseolus Roxburghii, wheat; different kinds of confectionery, the administration of enemata, the use of food that is oily Or sweet, the rubbing of oil on the body at all times,27 the rubbing of oily and cooling linniments, baths, the use of perfumes and floral wreaths, wearing of white clothes, the correction of faults by opportune administration of correctives,28 recourse to processes a. A variety of paddy, called in Bengal Uri dhan.
b. A variety of paddy is meant and not the tree of that name, viz., Aglaia
Roxburghiana.
c. A variety of paddy.
d. A smaller variety of barley.
e. The larger variety of barley.
/. Called in Bengali Janara.
g. A variety of paddy, called in Bengali Kodo-dhan. Paspalum - Scrobiailalum,
I.inn.
h. Phaseolus Mungo.
i. Dolichos uni/loruz, Lamk ; syn, Doliehos bijlorus, Roxb.
J. Called Van-muga in Bengali. A variety of Phaseolus Mungo.
k. Called also Arahar. Cajanus Indicus ; syn. Cytisus Cajon, Linn.
l. Trichosanthes dioica, Roxb.
m. Pkyllanthus Emblica, Linn ; syn. Emblica officinalis.
CHA RA KA-SA MHI TA.
p. 230
and drugs as promote nutrition and strength and as fall within Rasayana,— these destroy emaciation and leanness and effectually bring about growth.*29
In consequence of total abstention from thought or anxiety in respect of any act, by recourse to diet and practices called Santarpana, and through sound sleep every day, one, without doubt, advances in growth like a boar.80
When, the mind being fatigued, they that are the souls of action (viz., the senses), becoming fatigued, recede from their objects, it is then that one sleeps. f31
Happiness and misery, growth and waste, strength and weak¬ ness, virility and sterility, knowledge and ignorance, life and death, all depend upon (judicious and injudicious) sleep.82
Sleep, when indulged on improper occasions or in excess, or not at all, does not contribute to either happiness or longevity, for it is even like the Last Night.88
When indulged judiciously, that very thing, viz., sleep, endues the body with happiness and longevity, even as infallible intelli¬ gence is brought unto the Yogin by ascetic success.^84
They who have been wearied by singing, study, alcoholic stimulants, sexual congress, acts involving physical exertion,
* ‘ Sukha cayya’ means such seats and beds as are very comfortable and delightful. < Priyadar?anam’ is literally, ‘ seeing what is dear,’ implying the acquisition of agreeable objects and encounters with friends' and dear ones. All kinds of new rice are very nutritive. ‘ Meat dressed properly and agreeably,’ i.e., suitable to the constitution of the patient. ‘ Guda-vaikritam’ is food prepared with modifications of raw-sugar. ‘ Udvartana’ is gentle rubbing upwards of unguents, linniments, and medicated oils. — T.
■f Sleep, according to this definition, is a total suspension of mental faculties as also the senses, such suspension being due to weariness caused by continued action. The word ‘Karmatmanah’ implies, of course, the Senses. The compound literally means * the souls of acts,’ i.e., those from which acts flow.— T.
% The second line of Verse 33 is read variously. The reading I adopt is ‘Sukhayushi nava etc.. Kalaratririvagata.’ Kalaratri is the Last Night of the universe when all things are destroyed* By ‘ Siddhi’ is meant ascetic success. The understandings of Yogins are always infallible. —T.
p. 240
CH A RA KA - SA MH / TA.
burthen-bearing, and long journeys, they who are unable to digest food they take in consequence of the weakness of their stomachs, they who have sustained injuries on their bodies, they who are weak, they who are old in years, they who are of tender age,35 they who are afflicted by thirst or diarrhoea or deep-seated pain in the chest or the abdomen, they who are labouring under Asthma and Hiccup, they who are emaciated or lean, they who have got falls from high places, they who have received violent blows, they who have lost their reason, they who have become fatigued by riding on animals or cars or by night-keeping,36 and they who have been ex¬ hausted by indulgence in wrath and grief and fear, should indulge in sleep during day-time. Verily, all these persons should, at all seasons, indulge in sleep at day-time.37
In consequence of the harmony being restored of these the constituent elements of the bodies of these men, their strength becomes rennovated. The phlegm (that results from sleep) causes the growth of all their limbs, and the period of their life acquires stability.38
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