Charaka-Samhita — trans. Kaviraj Avinash Chandra Kaviratna

The force of accumulated bile, aggravated by food that causes indigestion, that is pungent, or sour, or productive of a burning sen¬ sation, or hot, occupies the heart and speedily causes a fierce form of Insanity in a person who has no control over his mind. 9

Impatience, fury, nudity (t. e., abandonment of cloth), wrathful abuse of others, running away, heat of body, rage, desire for cool food and drink, and a yellow complexion, — these are the symptoms of Insanity caused by (excited) bile.

Phlegm accompanied by bile, increasing in the chest in conse¬ quence of gorging the stomach with rich food (such as milk and curds, &c.) and of absence of proper exercise, begets this disease by first afflicting the understanding and the memory, and stupefying the mind. 11

Aversion to loquacity, disgust for food, fondness for women and priyacy, excessive sleep, vomiting, discharge of salivary secretions, accession of strength after meals, and whiteness of nails and the rest, manifest themselves in Insanity born of (excited) phlegm.* 12

That Insanity which is born of all the three faults (excited together) becomes terrible.

In it the presence of may be detected of all the causes (laid down above) combined together.

It puts forth also the symptoms combined together of the sepa¬ rate varieties.

. * ‘Nails and the rest’ imply eyes, urine, faeces, and the whole body, as explained by the commentators. — T,

CHAR A KA-SAMHITA.

p. 1263

Such Insanity, in which the ordinances about treatment become hostile to one another, should never be taken up for treatment.* 13 The humiliation (by words or acts) of the deities, the Rishis, the Gandharvas, the Pigachas, the Yakshas, the Rakshas, and the Pitris, is the cause of Insanity that is Accidental.

Breaches also, arising from hypocracy and falsehood, of religious observances and vows, as also the (evil) acts of a former life, are eauses of this form of the disease. *4

He who becomes endued with speech, prowess, energy, exertion, knowledge of Self, conversance with the Scriptures and the arts, and strength, that are all superhuman, and he whose outbreaks of Insanity are uncertain and irregular, is said to be afflicted with Insanity that is born of the action of superhuman beings. *5

Without vitiating the body of the person, the deities and the others, in consequence of the energy of their own attributes, quickly and invisibly enter it, like the image or the rays of the sun entering a mirror or the gem called Suryyakânta/j" 16

As regards this form of Insanity, the time of the attack by the deities and the others, as also the premonitory symptoms, have been laid down in the Division called Nidana.

Hear now, separately, what the symptoms are of this form of Insanity, what the times are of its outbreak, and who the persons are' that are liable to it,j T7 These are as follow : —

An amiable appearance, a gravity of deportment, incapability of being humiliated or defeated by any one, absence of wrath, sleepless¬ ness, absence of desire for food and drink, scantiness of perspiration, urine, stools, and speech, fragrance of body, and a face like a full-

* Insanity born of the excitement of all the three faults is a very severe form of the disease. It should not be taken up for treatment simply because in the attempt to conquer one fault, another or the two others may be more provoked.— T.

-]- The image of an object placed before a mirror quickly and invisibly enters it. So also the light of the sun quickly and invisibly enters the gem called Suryyakanta. The deities and the other superhuman beings enter the human body in the same way. Suryyakanta means a crystal or a lens. It also means a gem of fabulous properties. — T.

+ ‘Suradyaih’, or, as some texts read, ‘Suradibhih’, is connected with ‘SyStakSlah’ ot ‘3ghatakalah\ — T.

p. 160

p. 1264

CHAR A KA - SAM HIT A.

blown lotus, — these are the indications of Insanity caused by the action of the deities. 18

Food and movements and deportment conformable to the curses, incantations, and the will-force of superiors, seniors in age, persons crowned with success of penances, and Rishiss, should be regarded as indications of Insanity caused by the action of superiors and the rest,* 19

One who is of cheerless sight, who does not look at others, who is sleepy, whose articulation is indistinct,, who has no desire for food and drink, who feels a disgust for food and drink, and whose digestion has been destroyed, should be known as afflicted with Insanity caused by the action of Pitris. 20

One who is fierce, full of courage, keen, grave, incapable of defeat or humiliation, and fond of musical instruments and dancing and singing and eating and drinking and bathing and garlands, and the scent of incense, and who takes pleasure in red garments and sacrificial acts and humorous speech, and agreeable perfumes, should be known as afflicted with Insanity caused by the action of Gandharvas. 21