Charaka-Samhita — trans. Kaviraj Avinash Chandra Kaviratna

Amrataka((?), Danta£atha(/), Karamarddakaf ^), and Airavata(72), should be known as productive of hemorrhages in consequence of the excitement of bile.160

Vartaka(?') is destructive of wind, promotes appetite, and is pungent-bitter in taste.

The fruit of the Parkati(y') should be known as creative of wind and destructive of phlegm and bile.161

The fruit of Akshiki(^) is destructive of bile and phlegm, sour in taste, sweet-sour on assimilation, and destroys also wind and bile.163

The fruits of Afwattha(Z), Udumvara »«), Plaksha(ra) and a. Called also Selu. Cordia Myxa, Linn.

b. Alangium. Lamarkii, Thwaites ; syn. A. Hexapetalum, Roxb.

c. Some texts read Sami. Accacia Suma, Ham. ; syn. Mimosa Suma, Roxb.

d. Pongamia glabra ; syn. Galedupa Indica, Lanik.

e. The sour variety of the Hog plum or Spondias mangifera, Pers.

f. Chakrapani thinks that Jamvira is meant, i.e., Citrus medica, Linn. The “Ayurvedartha Chandrika" says that the word implies both Kapittha (Feronia Elephanta or wood-apple), or Karmaranga i.e., Averrhoa Carambola, Linn.

g. Carissa Carandas, Linn. ; syn. Carissa Congesta, Wight.

h. A sour variety of Nagranga. Vide note d, p. 358.

i. Solanum Melongena, Linn.

j. Ficus infectoria, Willd.

h. Chakrapani observes that it is a kind of creeper. The name, however, is applied to the tree called Dalhergia Oojeinensis, Roxb.

l. Ficus religiosa, Linn.

m. Ficus glomerata, Willd.

n. See note j above.

p. 360

CHAR AKA -SAMHITA.

Nyagrodha(«) are astringent-sweet-sour, create wind, and are heavy.163

The kernel .about the skin ofithe fruit of Bhallataka(i), is fiery. (In energy) it is agreeable and cooling.

The group in respect of Fruits, numbering the fifth, is thus spoken of. Most of these fruits are used as food.164

The Group of Greens.

Ardraka(tr), as also Vigwabheshaja^), creates relish (for food), promotes .the .appetite, and increases the semen. Its juice is directed to be .used in retention -of urine and stools caused by excitement of wind and phlegm.165

Jamvira(^) .corrects relish, promotes the ;appetite, .is keen, possessed of fragrance, and corrects the mouth. :It is destructive of phlegm and wind, operates as a vermifuge, and is a Pachana with respect to food previously taken.166

Mulaka(/), when young, is destructive of all the faults. When ripe, it excites all the faults. When boiled in oil, it becomes destructive of the wind. Dried in the sun, it subdues both phlegm and wind.167 a. Ficus Bengelensis, Linn. ; syn. Ficus Indica, Roxb.

b. The correct reading is “Bhallatakanam &c.” Hence ‘phalani’ is understood after ‘Bhallatakanam.’ ‘Tangmansam’ is explained by Gangadhara as ‘Taggatam mansam,’ i.e., the kernel about the skin. That kernel is like fire, for it burns the skin and flesh of any one who touches it. Chakrapani explains 'Agni-samam’ as indicating ‘Sphotadi-janakatwam,’ i.e., capability to produce inflammations and boils, &c. 'Agreeable and cooling’ refer to the energy or ‘Viryya’ of the kernel. Bhallataka is Semecarpus Anacardium, Linn. Some texts read incorrectly ‘Bhallatakasthyagnicamam &c,’ implying .that the ‘Asthi’ or seed of Bhallataka is ,&c. This reading is incorrect. — T.

c. Ginger. Zengiber officinale, Rose.

d. Dry ginger is so called because of its extensive use as a medicament. Literally, the word implies ‘universal medicine.’

e. Called ‘Gonda-nebu’ in Bengal. Citrus medica, Linn. ; syn. Citrus acid, Roxb. Pachana are medicines which assist in the digestion of undigested food.

f. The garden radish. Raphanus Sativus, Linn.

CHARAKA-SAMHITA.

p. 361

Surasa(«) alleviates hiccup, consumption, poison, asthma, and shooting pains in the sides, It excites the bile, destroys phlegm and wind, and corrects foetid smell.168

Yamani(^), Arjjaka(r), Sigru(^), (^aleya(^), and Bhrishtaka(y) cause cheerfulness, create relish for food, and induce the ejectment of bile.169

Jalapippali(^), Gandira(^), £ringavera(z'), and Tumvuru(y'), are keen, hot, pungent, dry, and destructive of phlegm and wind.170

Bhustrina(£) is destructive of the virile power, pungent, dry, and hot, and corrects the mouth. Khara£wa(/) is destructive of phlegm and wind, and alleviates pain and diseases of the anal duct.171

Dhanyaka(w), likewise Agwagandha(^), and Sumukha(y) create relish, and are fragrant. They are not very pungent, and operate a. A variety of Ocimum sanctum, Linn.

5. Ptychotis Ajowan, D. C. ; syn. Liqusticum Ajowan, Flem.

c. A variety of Ocimum sanctum , Linn.

d. Moringa pterygosperma, Gaertn. ; syn. Hyperdnthera moringa, Willd. The fruits, called Khada in Bengal, are used.

e. Chakrapani observes that what is implied is ‘Ch§.nakya-mulam’ which is evidently the root of Chanak or Cicer arietinum, Linn.

f. Otherwise called Rajika, as observed by Chakrapani. Black mustard, or Sinapis racemosa , Roxb.

g. Commelyna salicifolia, Kunth.

h. Chakrapani observes that this is of two kinds, vis., red and white. The white variety is included in the group of potherbs. The red, therefore, is to be understood here. Wilson says it is a kind of kidney bean. The “Ayurvedartha Chandrika" says that it is otherwise known by the name of Camatha. 'Gandira1 implies a few other vegetables.— T i. Cringavera is Ardraka or Ginger, Cringaveri is a root resembling the former.