Charaka-Samhita — trans. Kaviraj Avinash Chandra Kaviratna
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The translator’s English as printed (Avinash Chandra Kaviratna). The original-language text is not held; names are romanised as the translator printed them.
t /. e., one should always believe that good acts lead to good fruits and bad acts to bad fruits, or, one should not be a sceptic with regard to the consequences of acts. Acts, according to Hindu philosophy, are the cause of rebirth and of every incident in the lives of all beings. — T.
| It may also mean that one should never deem one’s own self as the accomplisher of one’s acts. The true theory is that acts are done by the Supreme who uses us as only agents or intruments. — T.
§ ‘Akshata’ is rice obtained from paddy without the operation of boiling but by simple exposure to the Sun before husking. It is called ‘ atapa-tandul.’ — T.
II These are the well-known Vedic mantras occurring in course of the prayers to be uttered at dawn, noon, and evening by every member of the three regenerate classes. — T,
CHAR A KA-SAMHITA.
p. 101
wash one’s lips with water and one’s feet also. After this one should sprinkle water on one’s head and then sprinkle that element on the sky above the head. After this one should (again) sprinkle water over one’s body, the region about the heart, and the head. Daily accomplishing these rites, one should betake oneself to the practice of Brahmacharyya , the duty of teaching, and of friend¬ ship and compassion, and cultivate cheerfulness, and by these means to acquire tranquillity of Soul.*25
{Here occur some verses containing a summary .)
In this Lesson on the Analysis of the Senses have been indi¬ cated the five Senses and the several aggregates of five that apper¬ tain to them, the Mind, and the four (principal) causes (of disease and its reverse) ;f and good or righteous conduct in all its details.1 That man who duly practises that course of good conduct which has been indicated (in this Lesson) remains hale for a hundred years and is never cut off before the allotted period of human life runs out.2 Honored by the righteous, such a man fills the world of men with his fame. Possessed of a righteous soul, he wins the friendship of all creatures. Of virtuous acts, such a man (when he departs from this world) attains to those regions (of felicity) here¬ after that belong to the righteous. Hence, every one should always observe the course of conduct pointed out above.® If there be any laudable practice that has not been mentioned in the above enumeration, that also is approved by the son of Atri.4J
* The Commentator here discusses the question of the apparent incompatibility of practising the duty of universal friendship and compassion with the advisability that has been advocated of animal food. Such food involves slaughter and injury. The discus¬ sion, however, is concluded with the observation that the object of Ayurveda is the preservation of health and not to point out the way to Emancipation by acquiring righteousness. — T.
t These, as stated before, are ‘ Santa, Ati, Hitta, and Mithya Yogdh p. 84 t The object of this Verse, as pointed out by the Commentator, is to point out that the enumeratibn of righteous practices, as made in this Lesson, is certainly not complete. For here, only those good practices have been named as have some bearing with the question of health. The reader, therefore, is asked to note that those duties that occur in the Dharma?astras and that are not indicated in the Ayurveda, are not to be taken as disapproved of by Atreya. — T.
p. 102
CIlARAKA'SAM RITA.
Thus ends the Lesson called the Analysis of the Senses in the treatise of Agnive$a as revised by Charaka.
LESSON IX.
And now we shall explain the Lesson called the Brief Aggre¬ gate of Four. Thus said the illustrious son of Atri.
The Physician, Drugs, Nurse, and Patient, constitute an aggregare of four. Of what virtues each of these should be pos¬ sessed so as to become causes for the cure of disease, should be known.*1
The absence of harmony in respect of the ingredient humours (of the body) is Disease ; while their harmony constitutes our normal condition. Health, again, is otherwise called Happiness ; while Disease is Sorrow or misery.f 2
In Disease, the well-known tale of four commencing with Physician has active agency. The course that is adopted for res¬ toring the harmony of the ingredient humours is called Treatment.3
A thorough mastery of the scriptures (bearing on the Science of Life), large experience (of actual results), cleverness, and purity (of both mind and body), are regarded as the four (principal) qua¬ lifications of the Physician.4
Abundance of virtue, adaptability to the disease under treat¬ ment, capacity of being used in diverse ways, and undeterioration numbering the fourth, are the attributes of Drugs. J-*
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