Charaka-Samhita — trans. Kaviraj Avinash Chandra Kaviratna
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The translator’s English as printed (Avinash Chandra Kaviratna). The original-language text is not held; names are romanised as the translator printed them.
* “ Garira-sankhySl ” literally implies “ numbering the body,” that is, num¬ bering the different kinds of skin, the different bones, the different teeth, &c., as also the measuring of the different secretions, the different juices, &C. — T.
f The verb ‘ paprachccha ’ (from the root ‘ prichccha’) is a double* objectived transitive ; its two objects here are ‘ Carira-sankhyam ’ and ‘ Atreyam.’ The disciple, dividing the whole body (mentally) into the several parts of which
CHARAKA SAM HEFT A.
p. 804
Unto him said the illustrious son of Atri : —
As 1 answer thee, listen to me, O Agnivega, with undivided attention, about the whale body, agreeably to thy question.3
There are six tissues in the body, one after another
They are these 5
1. The outer tissue, which is called ‘ udagdharll.,'
2. The second is * asrigdhara.’
3. The third is that in which such ailments as 1 sidhma* (a variety of leprosy, called pityriasis versecolor), apd 'kilflsa* (leucoderma), have their origin.
4. The fourth is that in which tubercular leprosy has its origin.
5. The fifth is that in which such ailments as ‘ Alagiy (in? ftammation of the joints) and ‘Vidradhi’ (deep-seated abscesses) have their origin.
6. The sixth is that which being torn (or wounded) one falls down in a swoon, or sees darkness all around Ipm like a blind man, and depending on which as their seat, eruptions break out in the joints, which are black and red, and whose hases are broad, and which are highly difficult of cure.*
These are the six tissues which exist covering the whole body that is made up of six (principal) limbs.f*
Now, the following is the division of the body into parts?
They are,— (i) The two arms; (2) The two thighs (with the it is made up, questions his preceptor about the numbers and. measures; of the several parts.— T.
* It would seem from this enumeration that though the Rishja understood, that the skin or covering is not one. but consists, of ' several successive layers, yet except the first and the second, the other four had no especial names given, to them. ' Sujruta, the great authority on the Anatomy of the body, mentions, seven tissues. He also does, not give their names but is content with describing them as seats of several diseases of the skin.
The first or outermost tissue is called ‘ udagdhara,’ probabfy because of the belief that the liquid secretion called perspiration is ejected by it. If it is. injured, blood is not emitted.
The second is called ‘asrigdhara,’ because of the belief that there is blood in it. If injured; it emits blood. — T.
t The body is called ‘shadanga’ because of its having six principal parts. These six: parts are mentioned in the next aphorism.— T, <
'CHARAKA SAMHITA. Fo's
(wo lower joints) ; (3) the head with the neck ; and (4) the trun ks tor middle portion).5
Of bones there are three hundred and sixty (several pieces), including the teeth, the roots of the teeth in the gums, and the nails.
These are 32 tooth-roots ; 32 teeth ; 20 nails ; 20 roots of fingers and toes; 4 bases to which the above areattiched; 4 dorsa of the hands and feet; 60 digits of fingers and toes; 2 heels; 2 palm-joints; 2 wrists (of the hands); 2 ankles (of the feet) ; 2 lower femurs of the arms ; 2 lower femurs of the legs ; 2 -knees ; 2 elbows; 2 upper femurs of the legs; 2 upper femurs of the arms (with the shoulders) ; 2 eye-bails ; 2 palates ; 2 hip¬ bones ; 1 vaginal bone; (in the case of males, 1 bone of the pennis); 1 bone in the ‘Trika’ (i e., the lower part of the spine and above the hips); 1 bone in the region of the anus; 35 bones in the spine (or vertibrae); 15 bones in the nape of the neck ; 2 collar bones ; 1 chin ; 2 roots of the chin ; 2 fronta! bones ; 2 eye bones; 2 cheek-bones; 3 nasal bones (called ‘ Ghonas’) ; 24 front ribs; 24 back ribs ; 24 ‘sthalikas ’ belonging to the above, each round as an ‘ arvUda ’ or tumour) 2 temporal bones; 4 crown bones; and 17 separate pieces in the breast.*0
* This... passage affords a curious illustration of the utter absence of carefulness which one may notice in the work of native editors and translators generally.
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