Charaka-Samhita — trans. Kaviraj Avinash Chandra Kaviratna

Hence, for the sake of illustration, taking only one kind of objects and classifying them according to Tastes, or rather accord¬ ing to one particular taste, six groups of enemata will be laid down, mrntioning each grant by indication of names above.

The assertion which physicians are heard to make, viz., that the six kinds of enemata are each of one taste, is incorrect (for no group of enemata can be found that is entirely of one taste).

This is so because of all things being of diverse tastes com¬ bined together.

Hence, articles that are sweet, and those that are nearly sweet, and those which are sweet as regards their potency, and those which are nearly sweet as regards their potency, are all laid down below as sweet.

The same rule (about enumeration) will be observed in the case of articles of other tastes.*

They are as follows : —

Jivaka ( a ), Rishabhaka ( b ), Jivanti (c), Vira (d], Tamalaki (e), a. This plant has not been identified. Nor is it obtainable. Hindu physicians now substitute for it Guduchi ; i.e., Tinospora cordifolia ; syn. Menispermum Cordifolium, Willd.

* The rule that will be followed in enumerating articles that are sweet, will be followed in enumerating articles that are bitter, or pungent, or sour, &c. ; that is, things in which the bitter taste predominates, will all be mentioned as bitter, irrespective of the measure in which bitterness occurs in them. — T.

b. Not obtainable, and not identified. Physicians Sse instead Vansalochana, i.e., the siliceous concretion found in the joints of the female bamboo.

c. Coelogyne ovalis.

d. Gangadhara takes Vira as signifying Kshirakâkoli or Karkatacringi. The former is the bulb of the onion tube brought from the Himalaya. The latter is Rhus succedanea, Linn, syn. Rhus acuminata.

e. Called also Bhumycimalaki. Phyllanthus Niruri, Linn.

p. 627

Kakoli '(f), Kshira-kakoli (g), Mudgaparni (ft), Mashaparni (i), ^Slaparni (f), Prishniparni (k), (^anaparni (/), Med3 ( m ), MahamedS (n), Karkataijringi ( 0 ), (^ring5tik5 (fi), Cchinna (^). Cchatra (r), Aticchatr& (5), <£r5vani ( t ), Mahafrlvani ( u ), Alanivusha (»), f. A root said to be brought from Nepal or Morung.

g. A bulb of the onion tribe brought from the Himalaya.

h. Phlaseolus trilobus.

i. Glycine debilis, Roxb.; syn. Teramnus labialis, Spreng.

j. Hedysarum Gangeticum, Linn ; syn. Desmodium Gangeticum, Burm.

k. Doodia lagopodioides. Roxb.; syn. Uraria lagopodiodes. D. C.

l. Called also A9anaparni. Spelled also as Sanaparni and Asanaparnf. “ Ayurvedartha Chandrika” gives Marata as its other name.

m. Not obtainable and not identified. Physicians use Afwagandha as its substitute, i.e. Physalis flexuosa, of Roxburgh or Withania somnifera, Don.

n. Not obtainable and not identified. Physicians use Sariva as its subs¬ titute, i.e., Ichnocarpus frulescens, R. By.; syn. Echites frutescens, Roxb.

0. Rhus Snccedanea, Linn.

p. Otherwise called Paniphal. Trapa bispinosa, Roxb.

q. "Ayurvedartha Chandrika ” explains that Cchinna is another name for Guduchi, i.e. Tinospora Cordifolia.

r. Cchatra is another name for Madhurika (Mauri). Foeniculam Vulgare. (Fennel seeds).

s. Aticchatra is a larger variety of the above. Gangadhara explains that “ Cchatra' and Aticchatra are well-known. They are otherwise called Catahbha and Madhurika.” The name Aticchatra is given to mushrooms as well. But here, the word implies Fennel seeds of the larger variety.

t. Gangadhara explains that it is used as an equivalent of Cweta-munderi which, probably, is tlie same plant as Mandukaparni, i.e., the Hydroctyle Asiatica, Linn.

u. Gangadhara takes it as the equivalent of Rakta-munderi, i.e., the red variety of the above.

v. Alamvusha does not occur in all the texts. " Ayurvedartha Chandrika ” ,says that the name is applied to the well-known little plant called Kuksima in Bengali.

p. 628

'HARAKA-SAMHITA.

SahadevS (w). VigwadevS (x), <J!ukl3 (y), Kshira-fuklS (z), Ral3 («', Atibali (i\ VidSri (c), Kshira-vidSri (d), MahSsaha (rV, Kshndrasah3 (f), Riddhi (g)} RishyagandhS (3), AfwagandhS ( i ), Payasy3

■w. Otherwise called DandotpalS (as explained by GangSdhara) of the yellow variety. Probably, Sida rhomboidea of Roxburgh.

x. Otherwise called DandotpalS (as explained by Gangadhara) of the red variety.

y. Chakrap3nidatta explains that Cukla means candied sugar.

x. ChakrapSnidatta explains that by Kshiracukla is meant Trivrit, i.e., Convolvulus Turpethum, Linn; syn. Ipomcea Turpethum. Gangadhara, on what authority it does not appear, takes it as the equivalent of that variety of VidSri whose milky juice is scanty. VidSri, of course, is the well-known plant called Convolvulus paniculatus.

a. Sida cordifolia, Linn.

b. Sida rhombifolia, Linn.

c. Convolvulus paniculatus, Linn. It seems that GangSdhara’s explana¬ tion of the term Kshira-cuklS ( vide s above ) is not wholly incorrect. Kshira¬ cukla may be taken for a variety of VidSri. The word Vidari, as it occurs here, means that variety which has no juice.

d. That variety of the above which has abundant milky juice.

e. GangSdhara explains that MahasahS is another name of Kuruvaka of the white variety. Wilson takes it as applying to the purple variety.