Charaka-Samhita — trans. Kaviraj Avinash Chandra Kaviratna

e. Otherwise called Putika, i. e., Basella rubra, Linn. Gangadhara takes it as the equivalent of Kalambi, i. e., Ipomcea reptans, Poir. This is incor¬ rect, for Upodika is always used for Putika.

f. Chakrapani takes it as Bahuvara, i. e., Cordia Myxa, Linn. Ganga¬ dhara explains it as Kanchana, e„ Bauhinia acuminata, Linn.

g. Otherwise called Dharmani, i. e.. Greviia elastica, Roxb.

h. Mimusops Indica, D. C. ; syn. Mimusops hexandra, Roxb.

i. Gangadhara takes it as meaning Bhandi’ e. i., the plant called Bhant or Bhent in Bengal.

j. Otherwise called ‘ Sariva ', 'Qariva ' or ‘Qyamalata’ , i. e., Ichnocarpus frutescens, R. Br. ; syn. Echites frutescens, Roxb.

k Trapa bispinosa, Roxb.

l. Piper longum, Linn. ; syn. Chavica Roxburghii ; Miq.

m. The roots of the above.

n. Piper Chaba, Hunter \ syn. Chavica offlcinarum, Miq, o. Plumbago zeylanica, Linn.

p. Zingiber officinale, Roxb.

q. Mustard seeds.

r. Inspissated juice of the sugarcane.

s. Milk.

t. Alkaline ashes.

u. Salt.

CHARAKA-SAMHITA. r _ ^621

Obtaining as many of these as possible, and correcting them in such a manner as may be desirable, 'and making them up into sticks, or powders, or extracts,* or oils, or decoctions, or broths, or gruels, or soups, or infusions.’or'milk, or errhines, or boluses, or into diverse other ’preparations, the physician should duly administer, in the measure that is desirable, unto the person that is fit for taking emetics.

This is an abstract of the forms’ in which emetics may be used.

All the forms, however, in which emetics are to be used, will be laid down in detail hereafter.t185

As regards purgatives, they are as follow

£y5ma-Trivrit (a), Chaturangala (6), Tillwaka (cj, MahSvriksha

* 1 Avaleha ’ which I render as ‘ extract ’ is thus explained by Mr. U. C.

Dutt in his Materia Medica of the Hindus. " To prepare it, decoctions, after being strained, are again boiled down to the consistence of a thick extract. This extract, when properly made, does not readily dissolve in water, can be drawn out into wires, and will receive impressions of coins on its surface. Extracts are administered with the addition of sugar, decoctions, or powders."

The etymology of the word shows that it is something to be licked with the tongue. 1 Ava ’ being a prefix, and ' liha ' (to lick) being the root. — T.

t Fuller instructions on the subject are given in that division of the treatise which is called ‘ Kalpasthana’. It comes after ‘ Chikitsa '. — T.

a. Convolvulus Turpethum, Linn.; syn. Ipomcea Turpethum, R. Br. (There are two varieties, viz., the white and the black. By QyamB-Trivrit the b lack variety is intended.

b. Otherwise called Aragbadha. Cassia fistula, Linn.; syn. Cathartocarpus fistula, Pers.

e. Otherwise called Lodhra. Symplocos racemosa , Roxb.

p. 79

p. 622

c haraka-samhitA.

(d), SaptalS (e), (Qankhini (f), Danti (g), and Dravanti (h).

The milk, roots, bark, leaves flowers, and fruits of these are taken.

These may be administered severally, or jointly, according as the combination may be desirable, with the infusion of Ajagandha (t), A^wagandliS (j ), Aj^ringi (&), Kshirini (l), Nilini (m), and Klitaka («) ;

Or, with the infusions of—

Prakirya (a), Udakirya (b), Masura-Vidal5 ( c ), Kampillaka (d)

d. Otherwise called Snuhi or ManasS. Euphorbia neriifolia., Linn.

e. This is explained by Gangâdhara as a variety of Qankhini. The name Saptala stands for many plants.

f. Gangâdhara takes Qankhini as equivalent to Qankhapushpi, Canscora decussata ; syn. Pladera decussaia, Roxb.

g. Baliospermum Montanum., syn. Croton Polyandrum, Roxb. (Ganga¬ dhara takes it as equivalent to NSgadanti.

h. GangSdhara explains it as a variety of the above. Dravanti, according to the Ayunvedartha ChandrikS, is Mushikaparni or Salvinia cucullata, Roxb.

i. Otherwise called Yamani. Ptychotes Ajovian, D C. ; syn. Ligusticum Ajovoan, Fbm.

j. Withania somnifera ; syn. Physalis flexuosa, Roxb.

k. Otherwise called Meshaijringi. Gymnema sylvestre, R. Br. ; syn. Asclepias geminata, Roxb.

l. Chakrapani explains it as Dugdhika. Oxystelma esculentum, R. Br. ; syn. Asclepias rosea, Rcxb.

m. Gangadhara takes it as implying the plant called Nilabuhna in Bengali. (Is it a variety of wild Indigo ? )

n. Chakrapani explains it as another name of Yashthi-madhu or Liquoa. Otherwise called Nata-Karanja. Guilandina Bondticella, Linn; syn. Ccesalpinia Bonducella, Flcm.

b. Otherwise called Karanja, or Dahar-Karanja. Pongamia glabra, Vent ; syn. Galedupa Indica, Lamk.

c. Gangadhara explains it as “ Qyamamula-Trivrit.” Chakrapani takes it as " Qyamalata.” Iporficea Turpethum, it. Br. ; syn. Convolvulus Turpethum, Linn. If Chakrapani be taken as our guide, the plant named would be Ichnocarpus frutescens, R. Br. ; syn. Echites frutescens, Roxb.

d. Mallotus Philippensis ; syn. Rattlera tinctoria, Roxb.

CHARAKA-SA MHITA

p. 623

Vidangaka ( e ), and GavSkshi (f).

Or with the infusion of —

Pilu ( g ), PiySla (h), MridvikS (1), Kasmaryya (/), Parusha (k\ Vadara (/), Dadima (/a), Amlaka (n), Haritaki (0), Vibhitaka (p) Vrishcliira (q), Punarnava (r), and Vidari-gandhS (j).

The above should be corrected by the following, viz : —

£idhu (a), Sura (6), Sauviraka (c), Tushodaka (d), Maireya e. The same as Vidanga. Embelia ribes, Burm ; syn. Embelia glandulifera, Wight.