Charaka-Samhita — trans. Kaviraj Avinash Chandra Kaviratna

* What is stated here is this : Red paddy and other articles Have been mentioned. Some have been declared to be beneficial ; some injurious. ' Their character or nature, as such, depends upon the measure in which they are taken ; the time when they are taken ; &c. Although their nature thus depends upon measure and the rest, yet in speaking of them, they must be spoken of as beneficial or otherwise. Their nature has been assigned, but that nature, it should not be forgotten* depends upon those wellknown conditions. The physician in treating disease should apply his curativesor regimen, relying upon their nature as assigned above and remembering that that nature is not independent of the considerations of measure and the rest. — T.

CBa ra rasa m hit a .

p. 591

IFrom these, by permutation and combination, infinite varieties ©f wine may be produced. Amongst them, four and eighty varieties are regarded beneficial ■( or, as regimen ). They are as follows, — Sura, Souvira, Tushodaka, Maireya, Medaka, and Dha- «yamla are from paddy.*10

Mridvika (< a ), Kharjjura (i), Kagmaryya (c), Dhanwana (d), Raja dan a (e\ Trinagunya (/), Parusha (g), Abhaya ( h ), Amlaka (i), Mrigalandika (/), Jamvava(£), Kapithwa (/), Kuvala (m), Vadara(«), Karkandhu (a), Pilu(^), Piyala (y), Panasa ( r ), Nyagrodha ( s ), Agwathwa (?), Plaksha (»), Kapitana ( v ), Udumvara ( w ), Ajamo- ■da (x), ^ringataka (y\ and £ankhini {z), — these are the six and twenty fonts from which fruit-wines are manufactured.11

* It is difficult to distinguish these- varieties of wine manufactured from paddy. Nor are the processes now known. — T.

•a. Raisins. Called also Draksha. Tiiis vinifera,\Linn. The fruits are ordinarily called Kismissin India.

i. The wild date palm. Phtenix Sylvestris, Roxb.

■e. G militia arborea, Linn.

S. Called also Dharmana. Dhamani in Hindi and Bengali. Grewia elaslica, Royle.

*• Mimttsops Indica, D. C.; syn. Mimusops hexandra, Roxb.

/. Called also Ketaki. Pandanus odoratissimus, Linn, g. Grewia Asiatkus, Linn, di. Chebulic Myrobalans.

Phyllanthu-s emblica, Linn.

Called also Vibhitaki. Ttrminalia Belhrica, Roxb. k. Eugenia Jambolana , Lamb, i. Feronia elephantum. The wood apple. m. A large variety of Vadara or Zizypkus Jujuba, Lamb, u. Zizypkus Jujuba, Lamk.

o. Called also rigalakoli.' Zizyphus atnoplia, Mill.

p. Salvadora Persica, Linn.

f . Buchanania lalifolia , Roxb.

r. Artocarpus integrifolia, Linn.

s. Called also Vata. Ficus Bengalensis, Linn.

t. Ficus religiosa , Linn.

u. Called also Parkati. Ficus injecloria., Willd.

v. Called also Amrataka. Spondias mangifera ; Peri.

w. Ficus glomerata , Willd.

x. Pimpinella involucrala ; syn. Apiurn involucrala, Roxb.

y. Called in Bengali Paniphala. Trapa bishinosa, Roxb. x. Called also Chorepushpi. Andropogon dcicularis, Roxb .

p. 292

CHARAKA-SAMHITA.

Vidarigandha ( a ), Afwagandha ( b ), Krishnagandha ( c ), £atavari (d), £yama ( e ), Trivrit ( f ), Danti ( g ), Dravariti (A), Vilwa (?')k Uruvuka (J ), and Chitra (k), are the eleven from whose roots rootwines are manufactured.12

Cala (/), Priyaka ( m ), Aswakarna ( n ), Chandana (o), Syandana(/>), Khadira ( q ), Kadara (r), Saptaparna (s), Arjjuna (7), Asana ( u ), Arimeda (v), Tinduka (w), Kinihi ( x ), Cami (y), Cuktia. Called also Calaparni. Desmodiuvi Gangeticum ; syn. Hedy sar um Gangeticum ;

Linn.

b. Withania somnifera, Don ; syn. Physaiis flexuosa, Roxb.

c. Called also Sobbanjana ; Moringa pterygospenna, Gaerln ; syn. Hyperanth^ra moringa, Willd.

d. Called also Catamuli. Asparagus racemosus, Willd.

e. Iclmocarpus frutescens ; syn. Echites frutescens, Roxb.

f. Ipomaeti Turpethum ; syn. Convovlulus Turpethum, Linn.

g. Baliospermum montanum ; syn. Croton polyandrum, Roxb. The Commentator

Gangadhara takes Danti here to mean Hastidanti or Nagadanti. Ordinarily, Hastidanti or Nagadanti means the garden raddish. In medical science, it implies the plant commonly called “Cherapata Danti” in Bengali, which is a variety of Baliospermum montanum.

h. Dravanti is a variety of Danti whose roots are smaller.

i. AEgle marmelos.

j. Called also Eranda. Ricinus communis, Linn.

k. Plumbago zeylanica, Linn.

l. Shorea robusta, Gaerln.

m. Called also Priyangu. Aglaia Roxburgliiana.

n. It is a variety of Shorea robusta, Gaertn.

o. The red variety is nsed. Pterocarpus santalinus.

p. Otherwise called Tinisa. Ougenia dalbergioides, Benth ; syn. Dalbergia Oojeinensis,

Roxb.

q. Acacia catechu. Unit ; syn. Mimosa catechu, Linn.

r. A variety of the above.

s. Called also Saptachcchada. Alslonia scholaris ; syn. Echites scholaris, Roxb.

t. Terminalia Arjuna, Bedd ; syn. Pentaptera, Arjuna, Roxb.

u. Called Piyasala in the Indian vernaculars. Terminalia tomentosa , Roxb.

v. Acacia Farnesiana, Willd ; syn. Mimosa Farnesiana, Roxb.

w. Diospyros Embryopteris, Pers.

x. The Commentator Gangadhara thinks that this does not mean Apamarga or

Achyranthes aspera, Linn., but some other plant known by that name.

y. Acacia Suma, Ham ; syn. Mimosa Suma Roxb.

charaka-samhitA.

293patia {a), Cingtjapa (3), Cirisha ( c ), Vanjula (d), Dhanwana ( e ), and Madhuka {/), — these twenty are trees from whose pith pithwines are manufactured.13