Charaka-Samhita — trans. Kaviraj Avinash Chandra Kaviratna

Beholding a person inhaling and exhaling long breaths, or breathing obstructedly or breathing furiously, or drawing short, or incessant breaths, or breathing with noise or pain, the physician should understand that those ducts of the man that bear the life-- breaths have become disordered,®

Of the ducts that bear water, the root is the palate as also the bladder.

When vitiated, the especial indications are these ;; — >

Beholding the dryness of the tongue, the palate, the lips, the throat, and the bladder, as also an excess of thirst, the physician should understand that those ducts which bear water have become disordered.6

Of the ducts that bear food, the root is the amcigaya as alsq the left side ( of the stomach.)

When vitiated, these are the especial indications :

Beholding a disgust for food, nausea, (absence of digestion, as also vomiting, the physician should understand that those ducts which bear food have become disordered.7

Of the ducts that bear the food-juice, the root is the chest and the ten principal dhamanis ( arteries ).

Of the ducts that bear the blood, the root is the liver as also the spleen,

Of the ducts that bear the flesh (i. e. the substance which develops into flesh ), the roots are the muscles or tendons, as also the skin.

Of the ducts that bear the marrow, the roots are the bones and and cartilages.

Of the ducts that bear the vital seed, the roots are the testicles and the male organ of generation.8

CH A RAKA-SAMHITA.

p. 505

When the ducts that bear food-juice, &c., the following have been said to be the indications in the Lesson in “ Vividhagitiya ” ( XXXVIII of Sutrasthanam ).

Verily, those symptoms which indicate the vitiation of the Dhatus ( or constituent ingredients of the body ) are indications of the ( vitiation of the ) ducts themselves that bear those Dhatus.9*

Of the ducts that bear urine, the root is the bladder as also the pubic and iliac regions.

Verily, even these are the indications of those ducts when they become vitiated.

Belolding a person having copious discharges of urine or obs¬ tructed discharge, or with irritation of the urethra, or with scanty or frequent discharge, attended with pain, the physician should understand that the urineThearing ducts of the individual have become vitiated.10

Of the ducts that bear stools, the root is the Pakkafaya as also the gross ( ?. <?., visible ) gnus.

Verily, these are the indications of those ducts when vitiated :

Beholding a man passing stools with dfficulty, or a little at a time, or with pains, or having very liquid motions, or with the anal canal irritated, or with bowels constipated, the physician should understand that the stool-bearing ducts of the individual have be¬ come vitiated.”

Of the ducts that bear sweat, the roots are the adeps or the pores of the body,

Verily, the following are the indications of those ducts when vitiated.

Beholding the stoppage of sweat, pr copiousness of sweat, or roughness ( of the skin ), or excessive oiliness ( of the skin ), or

* The sense is this : in the Lesson named, indications occur of the vitiation of blood. Those very indications prove the vitiation of the ducts that bear blood. Similarly, the symptoms that indicate the vitiation of flesh also indicate the vitiation of the ducts that bear the flesh, &c. &c. The Rishi, content with this general observation, declines to refer to the indications of yitiation of each class of ducts. — T.

5°6

CH A RAKA-SAMHITA.

burning sensation ( all over the body ), or a general horripilation ( of the skin ), the physician should understand that the sweat¬ bearing ducts of the individual have become vitiated.1*

Srolas, Siras, Dhamani, Rasavahini, Nadi, Pantha Marga, Cariracchidra, covered and uncovered Sthana, Ayaya, Kshaya, and Niketa, — these are the names by which are known the passages or conduits, visible and invisible, of the dliatus ( or constituent elements ) of the body.18*

In consequence of the excitement of those ducts, the constitu¬ ent elements of the body, which dwell and pass through them, be¬ come themselves excited. 14t

In consequence of the excitement of the other ducts, the other elements ( passing through them ) become excited.

After the same manner, the ducts that become vitiated, vitiate other ducts.

* The etymologies of these names are interesting as these offer the best indications of the extent of the knowledge which the Rishis had about the different ducts of the body.

‘Srotas’ from ‘sru’ to flow. Hence, that through which something flows. ‘(Jiras’ from ‘yri’ to slide. Hence, that through which something slides. ‘Dhamani’ from ‘dhma’, to sound. Hence, that which causes a sound, that is, beats.