Charaka-Samhita — trans. Kaviraj Avinash Chandra Kaviratna

Sanyasa ( Apoplexy ), characterised by disorders of all the three faults and affecting both mind and body, is of one kind40

Mahagada or the great disease is of one kind. It is charac¬ terised by inattention to what is proper ( and attention to things improper). -J41

There are twenty species of worms. They are as follows : Yuka and Pipilaka, constituting two varieties, are born of external impurities: Ke?ada, Lomada, Lomadwipa, Saurasa, Audumvara, and Jantumatri, — these six varieties are born in the blood : Antrada, Udarada, Hridayachara, Chyurava, Darbhapushpa, Saugandhika, and Mahaguda, — these seven varieties are born of the phlegm in the body : Kakeruka, Makeruka, Leliha, Sa9ulaka, Sausurada, — these five varieties are born in the stools. Even these are the twenty varieties of worms in the physical organism.^42

* Vata-rakta is a kind of leprosy. The word is sometimes used for gout or rheumatism.

t Mahagada is a disease in which the patient develops all sorts of vagaries and eccentricities. Hateful actions appear as proper, and proper actions appear hateful.—?’

J It is impossible to translate these names or .identify them with thos mentioned •'

p. 28

p. 218

There are twenty varieties of Prameha or diabetes. They are as follow: — i. Udakameha, 2. Ikshuvalika, 3. Rasameha, 4, Sandrameha, 5. Sandraprasadameha, 6. £uktameha, 7. £itameha, 8. £anairmeha, 9. Sikatameha, and 10. Lalameha, — these are born of the phlegm ; 1 1. Ksharameha, 12. Kalameha, 13. Nilameha, 14. Lohitameha, Manjishthameha, and Haridrameha, — these six are born of the bile; 17. Vasameha, 18. Majjameha, 19. Hastimeha, and 20. Madhumeha, — these four are born of the wind. Even these are the twenty varieties of Prameha.*43

There are twenty varieties of diseases affecting the genital organs of women. They are as follow: — 1. that born of wind, 2. that born of bile, 3. that born of phlegm, and 4. that born of all three together. The remaining sixteen kinds, ascertained by con¬ siderations of contact with the vitiated elements as their cause, are mentioned below.*f* They are i.Raktayoni, 2.Arajashka, 3.Acharana, 4. Aticharana, 5. Prakcharana, 6. Upapluta, 7. Paripluta, 8. Udavartini, 9. Karnini, 10. Putraghni, n. Antarmukhi, 12. Suchimukhi, 13. £ushka, 14. Vamini, 15. Shandayoni, and 16. Mahay oni.

These are the sixteen varieties of diseases of the genital organs of women. They are simply mentioned here. The names only are given with reference to what has been said in the second aphorism above.44

European Medical works. The etymologies of some can be given. Kefada is hair-eater ; Lomada is eater of the hair on every other part of the body save the head ; Antrada is eater of the entrails ; U darada is eater of the stomach ; Hridayachara is moving in the heart ; Darbhapushpa is of the form of the flower of the Darbha or Saccharum cylindricum. The etymologies of the other names are not so well known, or if guessed, would throw no light upon the forms and habits of the worms indicated. — T.

* All these different kinds of Prameha or urinary affections are fully described in later portions of the treatise. The distinctions are founded upon the character of the urine passed, i. e., its quality and quantity, and the ingredients that may be found to be mixed with it. — T.

t ‘Dushya-samsarga-prakriti’ is explained thus : ‘pralcriti’ is cause ; ‘samsarga’ is contact ; and ‘dushya’ is constituent elements of the body, such as blood, &c. They are called ‘dushya’ because of their susceptibility of being affected or vitiated by wind, bile, 'and phlegm which are called ‘doshas’ or faults. These sixteen varieties are ascer¬ tained by a reference to, or consideration of, their contact with vitiated blood or other elements of the body as their cause. Thus some diseases may co-exist with vitiated blood, some with vitiated fat, &c.— T.

p. 219

Here occur two verses.

Among the diseases mentioned in this Lesson called Ashtodariya, three are of twenty varieties ; three of only kind ; three of three kinds; eight of two varieties ; ten of four varieties; twelve of five varieties ; four of eight varieties ; two of six varieties; and three of seven varieties. Even thus has this Lesson on diseases been compiled.45-46

All constitutional diseases that affect oneself never spring from any other source than one’s wind, bile, and phlegm. Even as a bird, roving wheresoever it likes, can never transgress its own shadow, after the same manner all the diseases that afflict a person, born of the disorders of his own constituent elements, can never transgress his own wind, bile, and phlegm. Intelligent physicians observing the especial seat or place, the indications, and the ex¬ citing causes, of wind, bile, and phlegm, refer all diseases as caused by disorders of wind, or bile, or phlegm.*47

[Here are two verses.]