Charaka-Samhita — trans. Kaviraj Avinash Chandra Kaviratna
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The translator’s English as printed (Avinash Chandra Kaviratna). The original-language text is not held; names are romanised as the translator printed them.
t In this aphorism the author gives a summary of the contents of many previous Lessons. In Lesson I, Verse 73, it is stated that “of vegetable products, sixteen are root-bearing and nineteen fruit-bearing.” See pp. 8 and 7 ante. Clarified butter, oil, fat, and marrow are the four kinds of oil. See p. 8 ante. The five salts are Sauvarchala, Saindhava, Vit, Audbhida, and SSmudra. See p 9 ante. The eight varieties of urine are those of the sheep, the goat, the cow, the buffalo, the elephant, the camel, the horse, and the ass. The eight varieties of milk are those of the sheep, the goat, the cow, the buffalo, the elephant, the camel, the horse, and women. See p. 10 ante. The six varieties of trees whose milk and bark are used are Snuhi, Arka, A9wantaka, Putika, Krishnagandha, and Tillaka. See pp. 9 and lo ante. The groups of drugs which are used in the five operations of administering errhines, emetics, purgatives, and enemata oily and dry, are mentioned in Lesson
CHA RAKA-SA MHITA.
4«5
Such men are also freed from doubts in respect of conclusions about Treatment having six and ten incidents as laid down in the two Lessons called the Aggregates of four j as also in respect of the three Aspirations, and the merits and faults of the wind.
They are capable of prescribing the four kinds of Oils with the four and twenty ways of administering them as also the four and sixty subsidiary ways.
They are skilful in administering the diverse kinds of snehanas (emollients), swedyas (diaphoretics), vamya (emetics), and virechyas (purgatives), with their numerous ordinances (about measure, time, and other considerations).*
II. ApSmarga to Dhamargava are thirty-three. See pp. 13 and 14 ante. The eight and twenty varities of Gruel occur in Lesson II, pp. 15 and 18 ante. The two and thirty varieties of powders and plasters occur in Lesson III, pp. 19 — 27 ante.
The six senturies of purgatives occur in Lesson IV, pp. 27 — 28 ante. The five centuries of Astringents occur in the same Lesson.
The rules in respect of food and drink, place, &c., occur in brief in Lesson V, and in other subsequent Lessons. — T.
The varieties of collyrium are spoken of in Lesson V, pp. 52 — S3 ante.
The rules in respect of smoking occur in Lesson V, pp. S3 — 59The rules in respect of snuffing are given in the same Lesson. See pp. 59 — 60.
The rules in respect of cleansing and rubbing occur in the same Lesson. See pp. 60—65.
The inadvisability of suppressing the urgings of nature is treated in Lesson VII. See p. 73.
The soul, the senses, and what is beyond the ken of the senses, are all treated in Lessons VIII and XL
As regards treatment, it has been indicated in diverse places, particularly in Lessons IX and X. — T.
* The word ‘Bhesaja’ here does not imply drug or medicament but has been used in a more extended sense, vis., that of Treatment as consisting of Physician, Drugs, Nurse, and Patient, each of whom and which should possess four varieties, thus making up a tale of six and ten. See Lessons IX and X ; particularly, aphorism 1 of Lesson X. The three Aspirations are treated of in Lesson XI. They are 1. that for preserving Life ; 2. for earning Wealth ; and 3. for attaining to Felicity or Eman¬ cipation in the next world.
The merits and faults of the wind are spoken of in the Lesson called ‘VStakala.-’ kala. See the last note in p. 132 ante.
The four kinds of Oils are Ghee, oil, fat, and marrow. There are four and twenty ways of using oils. These, as also the four and twenty subsidiary ways of adminis¬ tering oils have been laid down in Lesson XIII. See p. 141.
Snehanas or emollients have been spoken'of in Lesson XIII.
p. 406
CH A RA KA -SA M HI TA.
They are well conversant with also the diseases of the head, those diseases stated in brief which are due to varying measures of the three faults, the attenuation or loss (of the constituent elements of the body), the diseases called Pidaka (eruptions), and Vidradhi (abscesses), the three kinds of Inflammations, the diverse kinds of diseases that supervene upon Inflammations, the eight and forty kinds of disease-heads, and one hundred and forty varieties of diseases of diverse groups.*6
So also they are well versed in those censurable incidents of excessive fatness and excessive leanness (&c.) with their causes, symptoms, and treatment ; sleep of both kinds, viz., beneficial and otherwise ; insomnia and excessive sleep, with their causes and treatment ; the six curative operations beginning with Langhana the diseases that are born of over-indulgence in practices that are sedative and nutritive in their effects, with their symptoms and modes of alleviation ; diseases that are born of (vitiated) blood, (including) insanity, fainting or swoons, and apoplexy, with their causes, symptoms, and remedies. +'
Swedanas or diaphoretics and the manner of applying them have been treated of in Lesson XIV. The diverse drugs used for Swedana and the diverse ways of apply¬ ing them have been clearly set forth there.
The administration of emetics and pergatives is treated of in Lesson XV.— T.
* Diseases of the Head occur in Lesson XVII.
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