Charaka-Samhita — trans. Kaviraj Avinash Chandra Kaviratna

f. The Ayurvedatha Chandrika takes it as Godumba, i. the Bengali Gomuk. Cucumis Mela, Linn. ; syn. Cucumis madraspatanus, Roxb.

g. Salvadora Persica, Linn. ; Salvadora Indica, Wight.

h. Buchanania latifolia, Roxb. The nuts are called Cheraunji (in Hindi).

i. Uvce Passes. Called Kismiss in Bengali and Hindi.

f, Called also Kasmari or Gambhari. Gmelina arborea, Linn.

k. Greviia Asiatica, Linn.

l. Zizyphus Jnjuba, Lamk.

m. Punica granatum, Linn, pomegranate tree.

n. Phyllanthus Emblica, Linn. ; syn. Emblica officinalis, Gaert.

o. Terminalia Chebula ; Chebulic myrobalan.

p. Terminalia Bellerica, Roxb.

q. Boerhavia diffusa, Linn. The white variety is implied.

v. Boerhavia diffusa, Linn. The red variety is indicated.

s. Otherwise called Salaparni. Desmodium Gangeticum, Burm ; syn. Hedysarum Gangeticum, Linn.

a. The qualities of the diverse kinds of wines have been explained in

Lesson XXVII of Sutrasthana. (vide pp. 362 to 365). “ Ayurvedartha

Chandrika'’ explains that by Qidhu is meant that wine which is manufactured from the boiled juice of the Sugarcane.

b. The wine manufactured from the paddy called Cali and Shashtika, &c.

c. The wine manufactured from wheat and barley.

d. Otherwise called Kanjika. Infusion of rice in cold water, properly fermented.

p. 624

(e), Medaka (/) , MadirS (g), Madhu ( h ), Madhuraka (*'.y DhanySmla ( j i, Kuvala (£), Vadara (/), Kharjjura (;«), and Karkandhu («).

Or, by the following, viz., —

Dadhi ( o ,) Dadliimanda (/), and Udafwit ( q ).

Or, by the following, viz., —

the milk or urine of the cow, the buffalo, the goat, and the sheep. The infusions should be corrected by any of these articles that may be obtainable, and to the extent that may be desirable.

e. Manufactured from certain roots and fruits and sugar.

f. Otherwise called Jagala. Manufactured from certain powders that go by the name of “ Muda " in the Indian markets.

g. The commentators do not explain how this variety of wine is manufac¬ tured. Its synonyms seem to indicate that it is a general name for all kinds of vinous liquors.

h. This is the name of the wine manufactured from the blossoms of the Bassia latifolia.

i. Manufactured from an aquatic plant of long leaves called “ Jala-mahuH ” in the vernacular.

/. Manufactured from broken rice-grains. " AyurvedSrtha Chandrika ” quotes " Atreya-samhita ” for explaining the process by which this wine used to be manufactured. " One prastha of the shashtika paddy is to be drenched in 2 prasthasof water. The mouth of the jug or jar should then be hermeti¬ cally closed and it is to be interred in the earth. It should be taken up at the end of a fortnight. The liquid should then be strained through a piece of cloth."

k. This is manufactured from a variety of plums.

l. This also is manufactured from a variety of ditto.

m. This is from the juice of the date-palm.

n. This is manufactured from the fruits of Zizyphus cenoplict.

p. The watery portion that escapes from curds when stale.

q. Whey mixed half and half with water.

CHA RA KA - SaMHItA.

p. 625

Thus corrected these should be administered as sticks (suppo¬ sitories), or powders, or extracts (for licking), or. oils, "or infusions (for drink), or meat-soup®, or meat-juices, or heated gruels, or cold gruels, or boluses, or other edible forms.

In fact, the medicine may be given, in any edible or drinkable form, to the person that deserves to be purged.

Thus ends the examination, in brief, of the methods of ad¬ ministering purgatives. Hereafter these methods will be treated of more fully in that division of the work which is called Kalpasth3na.* 157

As regards enemata, there are numerous methods of preparing (and administering) them.

If all the articles capable of use as enemata have to be laid down fully, the list is sure to be an interminable one owing to their great number.

In a treatise like this, it is desirable to lay down instructions neither very elaborately nor very briefly.

What is desirable is knowledge (in the student of Medical Science).

Hence, instructions are being laid down (as regards the articles to be used as enemata) by a reference to tastes.168

The extent of the variety of combination of the Tastes, with reference to the articles capable of use as enemata, is unlimited. This is so because of the unlimited combinations, dependant upon the varied measures that may be taken, in which the Tastes may be united.

*The aphorism being very long and composed of one sentence, I have, for purposes of perspicuity, been obliged to break it up, in the latter part, into five or six independent sentences. The fact is, the first portion of the apho¬ rism mentions the “ Kashayas " or Infusions. Then comes the portion about “ SamskSra. " By " Samskara ” is meant the addition of some substance which adds to the virtues of the drug. I have rendered "Samskara” by the word “correction.” It should be taken as a technical word. The methods of correction should be by the wines indicated ; by curds, &c ; and, lastly, by the milk or urine of the animals named. — T.

626 CHARaKA-SAAIHITA.