Charaka-Samhita — trans. Kaviraj Avinash Chandra Kaviratna

‘ Upadeha ’ or ‘ subsidiary body,’ implies ‘ extraneous products.’ Sweat-, urine, stools, are Subsidiary growths. The sdme foOd which generates Pure elements of blood, bories, flesh, &c., generates these also. They belong as much to the body as blood and bones and flesh, &c. ; only, as obstructions, the body gets rid of them. The term ‘ upadehA ’ or ‘ subsidiary bddy,’ as applied td these; is certainly correct from the point of view of the Hindu physician. If ndt exactly generated in the holes and pores of the body, they escape through them. Excited wind, bile, and phlegm generAte Impurities. The products of excited wind are urine and stools in copious measures ; of excited bile Are undigested food thrown out by tlie stomAch ; also the watery Secretions of the mduth ; of "excited phlegm are all secretions of mucus from the lungs, the throat, the noSe, &c.

As regard's the Pure elements, they are those which are referred td hnder the ten couples of attributes beginning with ‘ guru ’ dr Heavy and ending with ‘ drava ’ or liquid, if classified according td attributes. The same are otherwise called ‘ Rasa ’ dr juice, &c., gpding with ‘ ?ukra ’ dr ‘Semen, if classified according to substance, (vide Aphorism 1 1 ante df this Lesson, as also Sutrasthana, Lesson 28, ante).— T;

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CHAR AKA samhitA.

Of all the ingredients of the body including both those which ate impure and those which are pure, wind, bile, and phlegm, in consequence of their being faults, become vitiators when they are themselves vitiated.

The indications of vitiated wind and bile and phlegm acting upon the other ingredients of the body at different times, have been laid down in the Lesson called " Vividha§itapitiya ” (Diverse kinds of food and think)*

Of these faults when they are vitiated, the course runs thus far, vis,, contact with the ingredients of the body.

The result of wind and the rest, when they are in their normal condition, is Health.

I-Ience they that are gifted with intelligence should always endeavour to keep these (vis., wind, bile, and phlegm) in their normal condition,*2 8

(Here occurs a Verse).

That physician who knows the body in its entirety, as it is at all times, and in every respect, knows the Science of Life in all

* Wind, bile, and phlegm are called ‘ doshas ’ (faults), for, as explained in Sutrasthana, they become ‘ dushta,1 i.e., themselves vitiated, and also because they vitiate the other ingredients of the body. To render the word ‘ dosha ’ as ‘ fault ’ would not be correct. But no better word can be suggested. The Lesson called ‘ Vividhajitapitiya ’ (on diverse kinds of food and drink) is numbered 28 in Sutrasthana, ante. In . that Lesson, the Rishi has explained how the 1 faults ’ vitiate the other ingredients of the body, such as blood, flesh, bones, &c. The action of each of the three faults, or of two of them, or of all the three, at different times, upon each of the ingredients, is explained.. The consequences of that action are also laid down;

The action of the faults extends to their contact with the ingredients of the body. The faults are themselves ingredients of the body. Unless and until they come in contact with particular ingredients, they cannot affect or

Health is’rCgarded as the co-existence of the . three faults in their normal condition. This normal condition may be one of equality or inequality, in respect of measure, of the faults, There are constitutions in which the wind prevails ; or in which the bile prevails ; or in which the phlegm .prevails. Yet, when these three co-exist in their normal or natural condition, .the person may be said to be in health, notwithstanding the inequality of measure of the three-faults, that is, the predominance of one over the other two. — T.

CHARAKA SAMHITA.

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its details-r-the Science that is productive of great happiness to the whole world. **

Unto the illustrious son of Atri who had said this, Agnivega said t

We have heard the words which have been said by thy illus-i trious self on the subject of the body.

Which limb of the foetus grows first in the womb ?-

In which direction does the face remain T

In what attitude, again, does the foetus lie in the womb ?

What food supports it ?

In what way does it come out b

By what food and practices does it grow, after birth (in the, womb), without ailments of any k,ind ?

By what causes is it destroyed immediately after birth ?

How are those diseases ascertained which affect the foetus through the anger of the gods and; others ?

How, again, do those diseases escape- detection ?

Amongst existing and non-existing entities, which is regarded by thy illustrious self as. the cause of timely and untimely death ?

What is the period of life (of the foetus) ?

What are the indications of the foetus’s period of life ?- *2 5

Unto Agnivega who said so, the illustrious Eunarv.asu, scion of Atri’s race, said :

As to how the foetus originates and appears in the womb has been explained before in the Lesson called Garbhavakranti.