Charaka-Samhita — trans. Kaviraj Avinash Chandra Kaviratna
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The translator’s English as printed (Avinash Chandra Kaviratna). The original-language text is not held; names are romanised as the translator printed them.
i. Gang3dhara identifies it with Edagaja or Chakramardda, i.e., Cassia Tora, Linn. Chakrapani observes, its vernacular name is Hulhule; hence, it is Sury3vart3, i.e., Cleome pentaphylla.
j. Chakrapani observes that some take it for a variety of Patola. He himself is for identifying it with K3ravelwaka or Karala, i.e., Momordica charantia, Linn.
k. A smaller variety of Momordica mixta, Roxb.
l. Melia Azadirachta , Linn.
m. Oldenlandia herbacea, D. C. ; syn. Oldenlandia biflora. Roxb.
n. Chakrapani says it implies all kinds of C3kas such as M3shaparni or Glycine debilis, Roxb. ; syn. Teramus labialis, Spreng.
o. Otherwise called Br3hmana-yashtika, or B3manhati in Bengali. Siphonantkus Indica, Lamk. ; syn. Clerodendron Siphonantkus, R. Brovin.
p. Otherwise called Gandav3stuka. A small variety of Chenopodium album, Linn.
q. Otherwise called Dronapushpika. Leucus linifolia, Spreng. ; syn. Phlomis Zeylanica, Roxb.
r. Pindalu and others of the species. Dioscorea globosa, Roxb.
s. Otherwise called Kutheraka. The holy basil or Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum gratissimum, &c.
t. The Indian hemp. Crotalaria juncea, Linn.
CHA RA KA-SA MHI TA.
p. 347
and of ^Slmali(a), Karvud5ra(3), Suvarchala(c), Nlshpava(af), Kovidara(^), Pattura(/), Chuchuparnika( g), Kumarajiva(A), Lottaka^'), PaIankya(y),Marisha(^), Kalamva(/))Nalika(?«)) £aurya(«), Kusumbha(6>), Vrikadhumaka( p), Laksmana(y), Prapunnada(r),
а. Bombax Malabaricum ; syn. Bombax heptaphylla.
б. Otherwise called Kanchana. Biuhinla acuminaia, Linn.
c. Otherwise called Suyrabhaktika or SuryabhaktS. The name is applied to Linseed or Linum usitatissimum. It also indicates the flower Pentapetes phcenicea. The great difficulty in such cases is that the same name often stands for different plants.
d. Dolichos Sinensis, Linn ; syn. Vigna catjang, Endl.
e. Otherwise called Rakta- Kanchana or Kanchana.la. Bauhinia variegata, Linn.
f. Otherwise called Calincha. Acheranthes triandra, Roxb ; syn. Alternanthera sessilis, R. Br.
g. ChakrapSni says it is a variety of Nadicha ; (vide note c. in page 346). Gangadhara reads ‘Chunchuparnika’ which, he observes, is provincially called ‘Cheua.’
h. Otherwise called JivapSka. Ccelogyne ovalis, Lindl.
i. ChakrapSni says it is otherwise called ‘LodSmSvisha.’ GangSdhara observes that its provincial name is ‘Lutiya.’ If it is identifiable with the ‘NatiyS-pSka’ of Bengal, which is used extensively, especially when it is new, its medicinal name would be ‘Marisha,’ i.e., Amaranthus oleraceus, Linn.
j. Beta maritima, Linn. ; syn. Beta, Bengalensis, Roxb.
k. Ameranth.es oleraceus, Linn. Gangadhara says it is a variety of Natiy8.-paka, called ‘DantS-natiya.’
l. Called in Bengali Kalmi. Ipomasa reptans, Poir. ; syn. Convolvulus repens, Willd.
m. Hibiscus canabinus, Linn.
n. Chakrapani reads ‘Cauryya’ which he says is otherwise called ‘Masuraka ;* * e., Vicia lens, Benth. ; syn. Cicer lens, Roxb. Gangadhara’s reading seems to be incorrect.
o. Safflower. Carthamus tinctorius, Linn.
p. Chakrapâni says it is otherwise called ‘Bhumipirisha.’ GangSdhara says that it is otherwise called ‘Bhumi-mSrisha.’ ‘Marisha’ is very probably a misprint for ‘pirisha.’ Probably a variety of Cissampelos hexandra.
(J. All that the Commentators say is that it is a well known plant. Wilson does not give the name. Apparently unidentified. The Ayurveddrtha Chandrika does not give the word.
r. Otherwise called Edagaja, i.e., Cassia Tora, Linn.
p. 348
CHA RA KA - S A Mff l TA.
Nalinika(«), Kutheraka(<5), Lolika(c), Yavagaka(^), Kushmandaka'tf), Avalguja(/), Yatuka(^), ^alakalyani(A), Triparni(z), and PiIuparnika(/‘, — these varieties of £aka are heavy and dry. They generally lead to obstruction of faeces and urine before digestion. They are sweet in taste, cooling in energy, and (after digestion) purge the intestines of their contents without producing watery motions. All these potherbs should be first boiled. The juice should then be pressed out. It should be then mixed with medicin¬ al oils or Ghee. To eat them in this way is praised.37-103
The flowers of £ana, of Kavidara, of Karvudara, and £almali are inspissants and are much applauded in cases of bilious hemorr¬ hage in especial.*104
The leaves of Nyagrodha(yfc), Udumvara(Z), Afwattha(^), Plaksha(ra), Padma(o), and others, are astringent in taste, operate a. The stalk of the lotus. If the reading ‘NilinikS’ be adopted, it would mean ^'either Jndigofera tinctoria, or a species of ‘Teori’ or Turpethum.
b. The holy basil. The different varieties of Ocimum Sanctum.
c. A variety of sorrel or Rumex msicarius.
d. Chakrapani says it is otherwise called Kshetravastuka. A variety of Chenopodium album.
e. Cucurbita Pepo , Roxb.
f. Otherwise called Somraji. Vernonia anthelmintica , Willd.
g. Chakrapani says it is a variety of Calaparni ; in fact, Cukla or white Calaparni. It is, therefore, a variety of Hedysarum gangeticum, Linn. ; syn. Desmodium gangeticnm, Burm.
h. A variety of Caiinchi. Achyranthes triandra, Roxb. ; syn. Alternanthera
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