Charaka-Samhita — trans. Kaviraj Avinash Chandra Kaviratna

f ' Snigdha-raktani' may mean 'of a mild red color’ ' Qreemanti’ is explained by Chakrapâni as 'Qobha-yuktam that is possessed of beauty. — T.

6oo

CHAR AKA -SAM HIT A.

Of men that have the flesh as the predominating element in their constitution, the symptoms are these : viz., their temples, forehead, throat, eyes (or rather, eye-lids), cheeks, jaws, neck, shoulders, chest, armpits, breast, and the joints of the arms and the legs, are covered with compact, heavy and agreeable-look¬ ing flesh.

The predominance of this element indicates the possession of forgiveness, endurance, un covetousness, wealth, learning, happi¬ ness, sincerity, health, strength, and longevity of life.118

Of men that have the fat as the predominating element in their constitution, the symptoms are a complexion that is oily, a voice that is so, and eyes and hair and bristles and nails and teeth and lips and urine and faec es that are oily.

Such predominance indicates wealth, power, happiness, enjoy¬ ment (of all agreeable articles), liberality, and sincerity, as also an enjoyment of all sorts of delicacies 119

They who have bones for the predominating element in their constitution have these parts of the body, viz. the heels, ankles, knees, the portion of the arm from the elbow-joint to the fingers1ends, shoulder-joint, chin, head, and joints, and bones, nails, and teeth, thicker than those of other people.

They are possessed of great energy and perseverence, addicted to acts, capable of bearing pain and fatigue, endued with bodies firm and compact, and possessed of longevity of life.120

They who have the marrow for the predominating element in their constitution have limbs that are soft, as also great strength, oily complexion and voice, and joints that, are thick, long, and round.

They become long-lived, endued with great strength, know¬ ledge of the scriptures, science, and offspring. They become entitled to the respect of all.121

They who have the vital seed for the predominating element in their constitution become possessed of an amiable disposition, and amiable (or agreeable) looks. Their eyes seem to be full of

C HA RA KA -SA M HIT A .

p. 601

milk. They are capable of largely indulging in sexual congress* Their teeth are of an oily (shining) complexion, round, strong, equal in size, close to each other, and handsome .+ Their complex¬ ion and voice are agreeable and oily. Their bodies are shining and their hips are large (and heavy). They are fond of women. They are regarded by women as dear objects of enjoyment. They are, besides, endued with great strength.1™

They who have the mind for the predominating element of their constitution are possessed of happiness, power, health, wealth, honors, and offspring ; they are endued with strong memo¬ ry, as also with great reverence (for deities and seniors) ; they are very grateful, possessed of wisdom and purity (both external and internal) ; they have great energy and perseverance, much cleverness and considerable patience ; they fight with great prowess in battle ; they are never cheerless or melancholy. They are always firm. Their understandings and hearts are deep and grave. They are exceedingly atttentive to all things that are beneficial (to themselves or to others.)12'

All these varieties of men have now been explained according to their respective chracteristics.124

Now, those men in whose constitutions all the elements exist in a large and harmonious measure, become endued with great strength and great honors (in every direction). They become capable of enduring toil and pain in all kinds of acts : they are inspired with confidence in their own abilities ; they are exceedingly attentive to everything that is beneficial ; their bodies become firm and little subject to decay. J Their tread and other kinds of motion are well-balanced ; their voice is deep, oily, and rever¬ berating ; they are possessed of, happiness, power, wealth, all kinds of enjoyable articles, and honours ; the symptoms of decay do not appear soon on their bodies, nor do these symptoms become pro-

* The word 1 praharsha-vahulah’ is thus explained by Gangadhara. He is, no doubt, correct. — T f ‘ Qikhara’ is explained by Qhakrapani as meaning handsome (Qobhana) . — T t " Samahita-Qarirah' means with bodies not subject to decay, — T.

6(32

CHARAKA-SAMhITA.

nounced ; they are not subject to changes (of temper) upon slight reasons ; they are blessed, again, with numerous progeny, all of whom are endued with equal qualities ; they become also longlived. ia!

Those men that are possessed of attributes which are the reverse of these, are regarded as possessed of no pith.* ias

Persons endued with a predominance, in a middling measure, of any of the eight elements, have attributes, corresponding with the above, in a middling measure.1*7

Thus have been explained the eight different kinds of pith as regards human beings. These explanations are given for a know¬ ledge of the differences in respect of the measure of strength of different men.1**