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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1This rule extended to the feudal states. An old man of eighty made his acknowledgment for the ruler’s message, by kneeling once and bringing his head twice to the ground. The blind did the same. An old man of ninety employed another to receive (the message and gift for him). 3. For those of fifty the grain was (fine and) different (from that used by younger men). For those of sixty, flesh was kept in store. For those of seventy, there was a second service of savoury meat. For those of eighty, there was a constant supply of delicacies. For those of ninety, food and drink were never out of their chambers. Wherever they wandered (to another place), it was required that savoury meat and drink should follow them. ‘1 The commentators make this to have been a Barmecide feast, merely to show respect for the age; and Callery, after them, gives for the text: ‘La dynastie des Hsia faisait servir un repas qu’on ne mangeait point.’ But Ying-t4’s authorities adduced to support this view do not appear to me to bear it out. See the commencing chapter of Book X, Section ii, where all this about nourishing the aged is repeated. SECT. V. THE ROYAL REGULATIONS. 241 4. After sixty, (the coffin and other things for the mourning rites) were seen to be in readiness, (once) in the year ; after seventy, once in the season; after eighty, once in the month; and after ninety, every day they were kept in good repair. But the bandages, sheet, and coverlets and cases (for the corpse) were prepared after death. 5. At fifty, one begins to decay; at sixty, he does not feel satisfied unless he eats flesh; at seventy, he does not feel warm unless he wears silk ; at eighty, he does not feel warm unless there be some one (to sleep) with him; and at ninety, he does not feel warm even with that. 6. At fifty, one kept his staff always in his hand in his family; at sixty, in his district; at seventy, in the city; at eighty, (an officer) did so in the court. If the son of Heaven wished to put questions to (an officer) of ninety, he went to his house, and had rich food carried after him. 7. At seventy, (an officer) did not wait till the court was over (before he retired); at eighty, he reported every month (to the ruler’s messenger) that he was still alive; at ninety, he (had delicate food sent) regularly to him every day. 8. At fifty, a (common) man was not employed in services requiring strength; at sixty, he was discharged from bearing arms along with others; at seventy, he was exempted from the business of receiving guests and visitors; and at eighty, he was free from the abstinences and other rites of mourning. 9. When one was fifty, he received the rank (of a (27) R 242 THE Lf xf. BK. JIT. Great officer)!; at sixty, he did not go in person to the college; at seventy, he retired from the service of the government ; and in mourning, he used only the dress of sackcloth (without adopting the privations of the mourning rites).
2BK. JIT. Great officer)!; at sixty, he did not go in person to the college; at seventy, he retired from the service of the government ; and in mourning, he used only the dress of sackcloth (without adopting the privations of the mourning rites). 10. (Shun), the lord of Yi, nourished the aged (who had retired from the service) of the state in (the school called) the higher hsiang, and the aged of the common people (and officers who had not obtained rank) in(the school called) the lower hsiang. The sovereigns of Hsia nourished the former in (the school called) the hsii on the east, and the latter in (that called) the hsti on the west. The men of Yin nourished the former in the school of the right, and the latter in that of the left. The men of Au entertained the former in (the school called) the eastern £ido, and the latter in (what corresponded to) the hsiang of Yi. This was in the suburb of the capital on the west?. 11, The lord of Yii wore the hwang cap in sacri- * See Book X, Section ii, 1. This was, say the A/ien-lung editors, a lesson against forwardness in seeking office and rank, as retirement at seventy was a lesson against cleaving to these too long. * It is wearisome to try and thread one’s way through the discussions about the schools, called by all these different names. One thing is plain, that there were the lower schools which boys entered when they were eight, and the higher schools into which they passed from these. But in this paragraph these institutions are mentioned not in connexion with education, but as they were made available for the assembling and cherishing of the aged. They served various purposes. A school-room with us may do the same, occasionally; it was the rule in ancient China that the young should be taught and the old ministered to in the same buildings. SECT. V. THE ROYAL REGULATIONS. 243 ficing (in the ancestral temple), and the white robes in nourishing the aged. The sovereigns of Hsia used the sh4u cap in sacrificing, and the upper and lower dark garments of undress in nourishing the aged. During the Yin, they used the hsii cap in sacrificing, and the upper and lower garments, both of white thin silk, in nourishing the aged. During the K4u dynasty, they used the mien cap in sacrificing, and the dark-coloured upper and lower garments in nourishing the aged.
3During the Yin, they used the hsii cap in sacrificing, and the upper and lower garments, both of white thin silk, in nourishing the aged. During the K4u dynasty, they used the mien cap in sacrificing, and the dark-coloured upper and lower garments in nourishing the aged. 12. The kings of the three dynasties’, in nourishing the old, always had the years of those connected with them brought to their notice. Where (an officer) was eighty, one of his sons was free from all duties of government service ; where he was ninety, all the members of his family were set free from them. In cases of parties who were disabled or ill, and where the attendance of others was required to wait upon them, one man was discharged from those duties (for the purpose). Parties mourning for their parents had a discharge for three years. Those mourning for one year or nine months had a discharge for three months. Where an officer was about to move to another state, he was discharged from service for three months beforehand. When one came from another state, he was not required to take active service for a round year. 13. One who, while quite young, lost his father was called an orphan; an old man who had lost his sons was called a solitary. An old man who had lost his wife was called a pitiable (widower); an old woman who had lost her husband was called a poor 1 Hsia, Shang or Yin, and Xau. R2 244 THE Li xi. BK, III. (widow). These four classes were the most forlorn of Heaven's people, and had none to whom to tell their wants; they all received regular allowances. 14. The dumb, the deaf, the lame, such as had lost a member, pigmies, and mechanics, were all fed according to what work they were able to do. 15. On the roads, men took the right side and women the left; carriages kept in the middle. A man kept behind another who had a father’s years; he followed one who might be his elder brother more closely, but still keeping behind, as geese fly after one another ina row. Friends did not pass by one another, when going the same way. (In the case of an old and a young man, carrying burdens,) both were borne by the younger ; and if the two were too heavy _ for one, he took the heavier. A man with grey hair was not allowed to carry anything, though he might do it with one hand. 16. An officer of superior rank, of the age of sixty or seventy, did not walk on foot. A common man, at that age, did not go without flesh to eat. 17. A Great officer, (having land of his own), was not permitted to borrow the vessels for sacrifice ; nor to make vessels for his own private use before he had made those for sacrifice. 18. A space of one lf square contained fields amounting to 900 m4u}, Ten lf square were equal to 100 spaces of one li square, and contained 90,000 mau. A hundred It square were equal to 100 spaces of ten lf square, and contained 9,000,000 m4u. A * See note as to the size of the m4u on page 218. SECT. V. THE ROYAL REGULATIONS. 245
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1This rule extended to the feudal states. An old man of eighty made his acknowledgment for the ruler’s message, by kneeling once and bringing his head twice to the ground. The blind did the same. An old man of ninety employed another to receive (the message and gift for him). 3. For those of fifty the grain was (fine and) different (from that used by younger men). For those of sixty, flesh was kept in store. For those of seventy, there was a second service of savoury meat. For those of eighty, there was a constant supply of delicacies. For those of ninety, food and drink were never out of their chambers. Wherever they wandered (to another place), it was required that savoury meat and drink should follow them. ‘1 The commentators make this to have been a Barmecide feast, merely to show respect for the age; and Callery, after them, gives for the text: ‘La dynastie des Hsia faisait servir un repas qu’on ne mangeait point.’ But Ying-t4’s authorities adduced to support this view do not appear to me to bear it out. See the commencing chapter of Book X, Section ii, where all this about nourishing the aged is repeated. SECT. V. THE ROYAL REGULATIONS. 241 4. After sixty, (the coffin and other things for the mourning rites) were seen to be in readiness, (once) in the year ; after seventy, once in the season; after eighty, once in the month; and after ninety, every day they were kept in good repair. But the bandages, sheet, and coverlets and cases (for the corpse) were prepared after death. 5. At fifty, one begins to decay; at sixty, he does not feel satisfied unless he eats flesh; at seventy, he does not feel warm unless he wears silk ; at eighty, he does not feel warm unless there be some one (to sleep) with him; and at ninety, he does not feel warm even with that. 6. At fifty, one kept his staff always in his hand in his family; at sixty, in his district; at seventy, in the city; at eighty, (an officer) did so in the court. If the son of Heaven wished to put questions to (an officer) of ninety, he went to his house, and had rich food carried after him. 7. At seventy, (an officer) did not wait till the court was over (before he retired); at eighty, he reported every month (to the ruler’s messenger) that he was still alive; at ninety, he (had delicate food sent) regularly to him every day. 8. At fifty, a (common) man was not employed in services requiring strength; at sixty, he was discharged from bearing arms along with others; at seventy, he was exempted from the business of receiving guests and visitors; and at eighty, he was free from the abstinences and other rites of mourning. 9. When one was fifty, he received the rank (of a (27) R 242 THE Lf xf. BK. JIT. Great officer)!; at sixty, he did not go in person to the college; at seventy, he retired from the service of the government ; and in mourning, he used only the dress of sackcloth (without adopting the privations of the mourning rites).
2BK. JIT. Great officer)!; at sixty, he did not go in person to the college; at seventy, he retired from the service of the government ; and in mourning, he used only the dress of sackcloth (without adopting the privations of the mourning rites). 10. (Shun), the lord of Yi, nourished the aged (who had retired from the service) of the state in (the school called) the higher hsiang, and the aged of the common people (and officers who had not obtained rank) in(the school called) the lower hsiang. The sovereigns of Hsia nourished the former in (the school called) the hsii on the east, and the latter in (that called) the hsti on the west. The men of Yin nourished the former in the school of the right, and the latter in that of the left. The men of Au entertained the former in (the school called) the eastern £ido, and the latter in (what corresponded to) the hsiang of Yi. This was in the suburb of the capital on the west?. 11, The lord of Yii wore the hwang cap in sacri- * See Book X, Section ii, 1. This was, say the A/ien-lung editors, a lesson against forwardness in seeking office and rank, as retirement at seventy was a lesson against cleaving to these too long. * It is wearisome to try and thread one’s way through the discussions about the schools, called by all these different names. One thing is plain, that there were the lower schools which boys entered when they were eight, and the higher schools into which they passed from these. But in this paragraph these institutions are mentioned not in connexion with education, but as they were made available for the assembling and cherishing of the aged. They served various purposes. A school-room with us may do the same, occasionally; it was the rule in ancient China that the young should be taught and the old ministered to in the same buildings. SECT. V. THE ROYAL REGULATIONS. 243 ficing (in the ancestral temple), and the white robes in nourishing the aged. The sovereigns of Hsia used the sh4u cap in sacrificing, and the upper and lower dark garments of undress in nourishing the aged. During the Yin, they used the hsii cap in sacrificing, and the upper and lower garments, both of white thin silk, in nourishing the aged. During the K4u dynasty, they used the mien cap in sacrificing, and the dark-coloured upper and lower garments in nourishing the aged.
3During the Yin, they used the hsii cap in sacrificing, and the upper and lower garments, both of white thin silk, in nourishing the aged. During the K4u dynasty, they used the mien cap in sacrificing, and the dark-coloured upper and lower garments in nourishing the aged. 12. The kings of the three dynasties’, in nourishing the old, always had the years of those connected with them brought to their notice. Where (an officer) was eighty, one of his sons was free from all duties of government service ; where he was ninety, all the members of his family were set free from them. In cases of parties who were disabled or ill, and where the attendance of others was required to wait upon them, one man was discharged from those duties (for the purpose). Parties mourning for their parents had a discharge for three years. Those mourning for one year or nine months had a discharge for three months. Where an officer was about to move to another state, he was discharged from service for three months beforehand. When one came from another state, he was not required to take active service for a round year. 13. One who, while quite young, lost his father was called an orphan; an old man who had lost his sons was called a solitary. An old man who had lost his wife was called a pitiable (widower); an old woman who had lost her husband was called a poor 1 Hsia, Shang or Yin, and Xau. R2 244 THE Li xi. BK, III. (widow). These four classes were the most forlorn of Heaven's people, and had none to whom to tell their wants; they all received regular allowances. 14. The dumb, the deaf, the lame, such as had lost a member, pigmies, and mechanics, were all fed according to what work they were able to do. 15. On the roads, men took the right side and women the left; carriages kept in the middle. A man kept behind another who had a father’s years; he followed one who might be his elder brother more closely, but still keeping behind, as geese fly after one another ina row. Friends did not pass by one another, when going the same way. (In the case of an old and a young man, carrying burdens,) both were borne by the younger ; and if the two were too heavy _ for one, he took the heavier. A man with grey hair was not allowed to carry anything, though he might do it with one hand. 16. An officer of superior rank, of the age of sixty or seventy, did not walk on foot. A common man, at that age, did not go without flesh to eat. 17. A Great officer, (having land of his own), was not permitted to borrow the vessels for sacrifice ; nor to make vessels for his own private use before he had made those for sacrifice. 18. A space of one lf square contained fields amounting to 900 m4u}, Ten lf square were equal to 100 spaces of one li square, and contained 90,000 mau. A hundred It square were equal to 100 spaces of ten lf square, and contained 9,000,000 m4u. A * See note as to the size of the m4u on page 218. SECT. V. THE ROYAL REGULATIONS. 245
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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